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77-480: Gonohe is located in the north-eastern part of Sannohe District, approximately 16 kilometres west of Hachinohe City and 10 kilometres southeast of Towada City . The town is adjacent to Hachinohe City to the east, Shingō Village to the west, Nanbu Town to the south, and Towada City, Oirase Town and Rokunohe Town to the north. The land extends 16.8 kilometres east to west and 18.55 kilometres north to south. The Gonohegawa River, which flows from Mt. Heraidake into

154-498: A barbiturate ) is insignificant after rendering. Carcasses of horses treated with some drugs are considered edible in some jurisdictions. For example, according to Canadian regulation, hyaluron , used in treatment of particular disorders in horses, in HY-50 preparation, should not be administered to animals to be slaughtered for horse meat. In Europe, however, the same preparation is not considered to have any such effect, and edibility of

231-459: A lethal injection is not suitable for human consumption, as the toxin remains in the meat; the carcasses of such animals are sometimes cremated (most other means of disposal are problematic, due to the toxin). Remains of euthanized animals can be rendered , which maintains the value of the skin, bones, fats, etc., for such purposes as fish food. This is commonly done for lab specimens (e.g., pigs) euthanized by injection. The amount of drug (e.g.

308-642: A sacrifice to the gods, and the meat was eaten by the people taking part in the religious feasts. When the Nordic countries were Christianized, eating horse meat was regarded as a sign of paganism and prohibited. A reluctance to eat horse meat is common in these countries even today. The killing of horses for human consumption is widely opposed in countries such as the U.S., the UK and Greece where horses are generally considered to be companion and sporting animals only. In ancient Greece horses were revered and horse slaughter

385-618: A "sweet, rich, superlean, oddly soft meat, closer to beef than venison". Horse meat is also available in high-end Toronto butchers and supermarkets. CBC News reported on March 10, 2013, that horse meat was also popular among some segments of Toronto's population. Despite this, most of Canada shares the horse meat taboo with the rest of the English-speaking world . This mentality is especially evident in Alberta , where strong horse racing and breeding industries and cultures have existed since

462-562: A concerted effort to stop the ritual consumption of horse meat in pagan practice. In some countries, the effects of this prohibition by the Catholic Church have lingered, and horse meat prejudices have progressed from taboos to avoidance to abhorrence. In a study conducted by Fred Simoons, the avoidance of horse meat in American culture is less likely due to lingering feelings from Gregory's prohibition, but instead due to an unfamiliarity with

539-619: A few restaurants specialising in dishes prepared with horse meat. Horse sausage is a well-known local specialty in Lokeren ( Lokerse paardenworst ) and Dendermonde with European recognition. Smoked or dried horse/pork meat sausage, similar to salami, is sold in a square shape to be distinguished from pork and/or beef sausages. A Flemish region around the Rupel River is also famous for a horse stew named schep , made out of shoulder chuck (or similar cuts), brown ale, onions, and mustard. Schep

616-557: A large coastal industrial belt with a diverse range of chemical, steel, cement and fertilizer products. Major industrial parks include the Hachinohe High Tech Park and Hachinohe North-Interchange Industrial Complex. The Hachinohe Thermal Power Station , an LNG-fired power plant operated by Tohoku Electric is located in the city. Hachinohe Port is a major international port for northern Japan. Hachinohe has 42 public elementary schools and 24 public junior high schools operated by

693-600: A less industrialized food-production system, horses and other animals are slaughtered individually outdoors as needed, in or near the village where they will be consumed. In 2005, the eight principal horse meat-producing countries produced over 700,000 tonnes of it. In 2005, the five biggest horse meat-consuming countries were China (421,000 tonnes), Mexico, Russia, Italy, and Kazakhstan (54,000 tonnes). In 2010, Mexico produced 140,000 tonnes, China 126,000 tonnes, and Kazakhstan 114,000 tonnes. As horses are relatively poor converters of grass and grain to meat compared to cattle, in

770-782: A major population center for the Emishi people. Numerous Jōmon period remains have been discovered within the borders of Hachinohe. The area was nominally under control of the Northern Fujiwara in the Heian period , and became part of the holdings granted to the Nanbu clan after the defeat of the North Fujiwara by Minamoto no Yoritomo in the Kamakura period . The Nanbu established numerous horse ranches, accompanied by numbered fortified settlements. During

847-529: A retainer of Minamoto no Yoritomo from Kai Province was awarded the Nukanobu (糠部) district of far northern Mutsu Province after the defeat of the Northern Fujiwara clan. The land was found to be suitable for raising warhorses, for which the region became famous. The area was part of Hachinohe Domain under the Edo period Tokugawa shogunate . In April 1889, with the introduction of the modern municipalities system,

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924-545: A side dish. In Belgium, horse meat ( paardenvlees in Dutch and viande chevaline in French) is popular in a number of preparations. Lean, smoked, and sliced horse meat fillet ( paardenrookvlees or paardengerookt ; filet chevalin in French) is served as a cold cut with sandwiches or as part of a cold salad. Horse steaks can be found in most butchers and are used in a variety of preparations. The city of Vilvoorde has

1001-525: A small community of repatriated Manchukuoan Japanese living in Kuraishi. Gonohe has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral town council of 16 members. Tōhoku is part of Sannohe District which contributes three members to the Aomori Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the town is part of Aomori 2nd district of the lower house of

1078-501: Is a city located in Aomori Prefecture , Japan . As of 1 August 2023 , the city had an estimated population of 216,416 in 110,195 households, and a population density of 708 persons per km , making it Aomori Prefecture's second largest city by population. The city has a total area of 305.56 square kilometres (117.98 sq mi). Hachinohe is located in the flatlands on the southeast coast of Aomori Prefecture, facing

1155-515: Is a main-belt asteroid named Hachinohe . Basashi Horse meat forms a significant part of the culinary traditions of many countries, particularly in the Americas and in Eurasia . The eight countries that consume the most horse meat consume about 4.3   million horses a year. For the majority of humanity's early existence, wild horses were hunted as a source of protein. During

1232-608: Is a producer and exporter of horse meat, but it is not used in local consumption and is considered taboo. In Chile , it is used in charqui . Also in Chile, horse meat became the main source of nutrition for the nomadic indigenous tribes, which promptly switched from a guanaco -based economy to a horse-based one after the horses brought by the Spaniards bred naturally and became feral. Although not nearly as common as beef meat, horse meat can be readily available in some butcheries throughout

1309-504: Is attributed to non-human consumption such as carnivorous zoo animals. Horse meat is generally not eaten in the United States, and is banned in many states in the country. It holds a strong cultural taboo in American culture with 83% of Americans supporting a national ban on horse slaughter. All horse meat produced in the United States since the 1960s (until operations ceased in 2007) was intended solely for export abroad, primarily to

1386-645: Is available in butcher shops and shops specializing in meats but it can sometimes be found in supermarkets, especially in ground form. The most common way to eat horse meat is in sausage form, especially meetwursti ( Mettwurst ), a cured and smoked sausage which often contains pork, beef and horse meat. Finns consume around 400g of horse meat per person per year and the country produces around 300–400 thousand kilograms of meat per year, while importing around 1.5 million kilograms per year from countries like Canada, Mexico or Argentina. No horses are bred for meat production and there are stringent laws against using meat from

1463-560: Is best known for the local popularity of soccer . The key industry of the town is agriculture, with a focus mainly on producing vegetables, rice and livestock. Since the town was designated a new industrial city of the Hachinohe region, inland industries have developed in the Jizodaira Industrial Estate, where 20 companies are now in operation. Gonohe has four public elementary schools and three public middle schools operated by

1540-419: Is done in the UK before the meat is exported, meaning that the animals travel as carcasses rather than live. Ex- racehorses , riding horses , and other horses sold at auction may also enter the food chain ; sometimes, these animals have been stolen or purchased under false pretenses. Even prestigious horses may end up in the slaughterhouse ; the 1986 Kentucky Derby winner and 1987 Eclipse Award for Horse of

1617-550: Is forbidden by law; this is also the case in modern Greece, as horses are considered companions and a symbol of beauty, strength and pride. French former actress and animal rights activist Brigitte Bardot has spent years crusading against the eating of horse meat. However, the opposition is far from unanimous; a 2007 readers' poll in the London magazine Time Out showed that 82% of respondents supported chef Gordon Ramsay 's decision to serve horse meat in his restaurants. Argentina

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1694-548: Is higher than in Kushiro . The average annual temperature in Hachinohe is 9.9 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1165 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 22.7 °C, and lowest in January, at around -1.9 °C. Per Japanese census data: The area around Hachinohe has been occupied since prehistoric times, and was

1771-644: Is legal to serve and consume in Pennsylvania ), received an inspection and a warning from the USDA not to serve horse meat again. A Change.org petition subsequently went up to advocate making serving horse meat illegal in Pennsylvania. From the 1920s and through the 1950s or 1960s, with a brief lapse during World War II, horse meat was canned and sold as dog food by many companies under many brands, most notably Ken-L Ration . Horse meat as dog food became so popular that by

1848-510: Is now Chile and Argentina . Initially, early humans hunted horses as they did other game; later, they began to raise them for meat, milk and transport. The meat was, and still is, preserved by being sun-dried in the high Andes into a product known as charqui . France dates its taste for horse meat to the Revolution . With the fall of the aristocracy, its auxiliaries had to find new means of subsistence. The horses formerly maintained by

1925-530: Is part of Aomori 2nd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan . Hachinohe is the largest city in eastern Aomori Prefecture, and serves as the regional industrial and commercial center. Commercial fishing still plays a major role in the local economy, with Hachinohe port having one of the largest volumes of landed fish in Japan. However, since its designation as a new industrial city in 1964, Hachinohe has developed

2002-475: Is typically served with fries, mayonnaise, and a salad of raw Belgian endive . Horse meat is served in some restaurants in Bulgaria, as the preferred way of consuming it is in the form of steaks and burgers. Still being far from a meat for mass consumption, horse meat is regaining its popularity, which it had in the '60s and '70s of the past century, when it was also consumed in sausages and tartare . Horse meat

2079-444: Is usually very lean. Jurisdictions that allow for the slaughter of horses for food rarely have age restrictions, so many are quite young, some even as young as 16 to 24 months old. In most countries where horses are slaughtered for food, they are processed in a similar fashion to cattle, i.e., in large-scale factory slaughter houses (abattoirs) where they are stunned with a captive bolt gun and bled to death . In countries with

2156-438: The kanji used in the town's name (五戸) are "five" and "door/gate," respectively. However, in the case of Gonohe (and other similar place names in the region), it is believed that the second character in the name carries the meaning of 'ranch,' with the town name being derived from a numbered fortified stockade system developed by the Nanbu clan who once ruled in the region. In 1189, during the Kamakura period , Nanbu Mitsuyuki,

2233-462: The Diet of Japan . In its earlier history Gonohe enjoyed a reputation as a breeding centre for horses of exceptional quality, popular amongst the samurai . With the decline of the samurai, Gonohe's horses continued to be bred for their meat. The lean horse meat is coveted as a delicacy, especially when served in its raw form, known as Basashi ( 馬刺し ) . This dish is a specialty of both Gonohe and Kumamoto in southern Kyūshū . After horses, Gonohe

2310-506: The Edo period , it was initially part of Morioka Domain , but in 1664 the Tokugawa shogunate authorized the creation of a separate 20,000 koku Hachinohe Domain for a junior line of the Nanbu clan. The town prospered as a castle town centered on Hachinohe Castle , and served as a small commercial centre and port for the fishing grounds off southeastern Hokkaido . Today, the port still serves

2387-552: The Humid Subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa ) using the 0.0 °C (32.0 °F) isotherm with both January and February monthly averages being too cold to be of the latter, with hot summers and cold and snowy winters. Summers are considerably milder than in other parts of Honshu because the city is very close to the open sea, while winters if distinctly cold are much less snowy than in Aomori city or Sapporo or Wakkanai , although snowfall

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2464-529: The Köppen climate classification Cfa . The average annual temperature in Gonohe is 9.9 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1205 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 22.8 °C, and lowest in January, at around -2.1 °C. Per Japanese census data, the population of Gonohe has steadily declined over the past 70 years. The most common meanings of

2541-523: The Meiji government decided to build a new town called Aomori in a central location, and to designate it as the capital of the prefecture. Per the Meiji period establishment of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889, the town of Hachinohe was created within Sannohe District . In 1901, it merged with neighboring Chōja, and on May 1, 1929, with neighboring Konakano, Minato and Same villages to form

2618-656: The Pacific Ocean , and the Asamizugawa River, which originates from a hot spring swamp to join the Mabechi River , run parallel to each other through the town. While embracing these two rivers, residential areas have formed, and rice fields can be found in the flat areas that benefit from the favourable flows of water. The slightly sloped hillside areas spread to the east of the Ōu Mountains and are utilized as crop fields and apple orchards. Forests occupy more than half of

2695-620: The Pacific Ocean . Both the Oirase River and the Mabechi River flow through Hachinohe. A portion of the coastal areas of the city were within the borders of the Tanesashi Kaigan Hashikamidake Prefectural Natural Park , which was incorporated into the Sanriku Fukkō National Park in 2013. Aomori Prefecture Hachinohe has a humid continental climate ( Köppen Dfa ), closely bordering

2772-692: The Paleolithic , wild horses formed an important source of food for humans. In many parts of Europe, the consumption of horse meat continued throughout the Middle Ages until modern times, despite a ban on horse meat by Pope Gregory III in 732. Horse meat was also eaten as part of Germanic pagan religious ceremonies in Northern Europe . The earliest horses evolved on the North American continent, and by about 12,000 BC, they had migrated to other parts of

2849-684: The Vedas and Ramayana and Mahabharata , but in the context of the ritual sacrifice, it is not "killed", but instead smothered to death. Also Ancient Indians consumed horse meat. In 1913, the Finnic Mari people of the Volga region were observed to practice a horse sacrifice. In ancient Scandinavia, the horse was very important, as a living, working creature , as a sign of the owner's status , and symbolically within Old Norse religion . Horses were slaughtered as

2926-406: The 1930s, over 50,000 horses were bred and slaughtered each year to keep up with this specific demand. Horse Leberkäse is available in special horse butcheries and occasionally at various stands, sold in a bread roll. Dumplings can also be prepared with horse meat, spinach, or Tyrolean Graukäse (a sour milk cheese). Such dumplings are occasionally eaten on their own, in a soup, or as

3003-476: The European Union. However, a thriving horse exportation business is going on in several states, including Texas, primarily exporting horses to slaughterhouses in either Canada or Mexico. Restriction of human consumption of horse meat in the U.S. has involved legislation at local, state, and federal levels. Several states have enacted legislation either prohibiting the sale of horse meat or banning altogether

3080-526: The French government legalized the eating of horse meat, and the first butcher's shop specializing in horse meat opened in eastern Paris, providing quality meat at lower prices. During the Siege of Paris (1870–1871) , horse meat, along with the meat of donkeys and mules, was eaten by anyone who could afford it, partly because of a shortage of fresh meat in the blockaded city, and also because horses were eating grain that

3157-615: The Germans, to forbid the eating of horse meat to those he converted, due to its association with Germanic pagan ceremonies. The people of Iceland allegedly expressed reluctance to embrace Christianity for some time, largely over the issue of giving up horse meat. Horse meat is now currently consumed in Iceland, and many horses are raised for this purpose. The culturally close people of Sweden still have an ambivalent attitude to horse meat, said to stem from this edict. Henry Mayhew describes

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3234-537: The United States from Canada described the meat as "a sweet, rich, superlean, oddly soft meat, and closer to beef than to venison ". Horse meat has a slightly sweet taste reminiscent of beef. Many consumers allege not being able to tell the difference between beef and horse meat. Meat from younger horses tends to be lighter in color, while older horses produce richer color and flavor, as with most mammals . Horse meat can be used to replace beef, pork, mutton, venison, and any other meat in virtually any recipe. Horse meat

3311-542: The United States, New Zealand, and Australia have retained a taste for it, claiming Christian missionaries originally introduced it to them. Earlier in Islam consuming horse meat is not haram , but makruh , which means it should be avoided, but eating it is not a sin like the eating of pork , due to its other important usage. The consumption of horse meat has been common in Central Asian societies, past or present, due to

3388-617: The Year winner, Ferdinand , is believed to have been slaughtered in Japan, probably for pet food . A misconception exists that horses are commonly slaughtered for pet food. In many countries, such as the United States, horse meat was outlawed for use in pet food in the 1970s. American horse meat is considered a delicacy in Europe and Japan, and its cost is in line with veal, so it would be prohibitively expensive in many countries for pet food. Meat from horses that veterinarians have put down with

3465-561: The abundance of steppes suitable for raising horses. In North Africa, horse meat has been occasionally consumed, but almost exclusively by the Hanafi Sunnis; it has never been eaten in the Maghreb . Horse meat is forbidden by Jewish dietary laws because horses are not ruminants and do not have cloven hooves and are therefore not kosher . In the eighth century, Popes Gregory III and Zachary instructed Saint Boniface , missionary to

3542-481: The ambitious goal of bringing all suppliers abroad up to the strict Swiss standards by 2020". As of 2005 , Mexico was the second-largest producer of horse meat in the world. By 2009, it became the largest producer of horse meat in the world. While horse meat is produced in Mexico, the practice of eating horse meat is not widely accepted. It is only exported as it is not used or consumed in Mexico. Any domestic consumption

3619-518: The area became Gonohe Village. In November 1915, the village was elevated to town status. In July 1955, Gonohe Town was combined with neighboring Kawauchi and Asada villages; this also included incorporating part of the Tekurabashi area of Nozawa Village and the Toyomauchi area of Toyosaki Village. The town merged with the neighbouring village of Kuraishi on April 1, 2012. In recent years there has been

3696-546: The aristocracy as a sign of prestige ended up being used to alleviate the hunger of the masses. During the Napoleonic campaigns, the surgeon-in-chief of Napoleon 's Grand Army , Baron Dominique-Jean Larrey , advised the starving troops to eat the meat of horses. At the siege of Alexandria , the meat of young Arab horses relieved an epidemic of scurvy . At the battle of Eylau in 1807, Larrey served horse as soup and as bœuf à la mode . At Aspern-Essling (1809), cut off from

3773-652: The city government, and two private middle schools. The city has eight public high schools operated by the Aomori Prefectural Board of Education, and one public high school operated by the national government. There are also eight private high schools. The city also has three special education schools. [REDACTED] East Japan Railway Company (JR East) - Tōhoku Shinkansen [REDACTED] East Japan Railway Company (JR East) - Hachinohe Line [REDACTED] Aoimori Railway Company - Aoimori Railway Line Hachinohe Rinkai Railway (freight only) There

3850-462: The city of Hachinohe. The city further expanded by annexing the village of Shimonaganawashiro in 1942, Korekawa in 1954, Ichikawa, Kaminaganawashiro, Tachi and Toyosaki in 1955 and Odate in 1958. On March 31, 2005, the village of Nangō (from Sannohe District ) was also merged into Hachinohe. During the American occupation of Japan following World War II , a United States Army base, Camp Haugen ,

3927-576: The country produces horse meat to be exported to France and China . Also a common belief is that horse meat is locally used to make salami. Slaughtering horses are fierce untamed colts. A small horse meat business exists in Quebec . Horse meat is also for sale in Granville Island Market in Vancouver , where according to a Time reviewer who smuggled it into the United States, it turned out to be

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4004-416: The country. It is generally less expensive than beef and somewhat associated with lower social strata. In Uruguay horses are appreciated for their companionship and horse meat shouldn't be consumed, as it constitutes a taboo that dates back from Spaniard ancestry at colony times. There's a saying that preaches: a lomo de caballo criollo se hizo la patria (on criollo horse back the nation was made). However

4081-607: The difference in the acceptability and use of the horse carcass between London and Paris in London Labour and the London Poor (1851). Horse meat was rejected by the British, but continued to be eaten in other European countries such as France and Germany, where knackers often sold horse carcasses despite the papal ban. Even the hunting of wild horses for meat continued in the area of Westphalia . Londoners also suspected that horse meat

4158-455: The federal level, since 2001, several bills have been regularly introduced in both the House and Senate to ban horse slaughter throughout the country without success. However, a budgetary provision banning the use of federal funds to carry out mandatory inspections at horse slaughter plants (necessary to allow interstate sale and exports of horse meat) has also been in place since 2007. This restriction

4235-616: The final withdrawal of American forces from Hachinohe in 1956, the base was turned over to the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force and was officially re-designated JGSDF Camp Hachinohe. In March 2011, the city was one of those hit by the 2011 Japanese tsunami . The tsunami tossed many huge fishing boats ashore and heavily damaged the port area. About 100 homes were destroyed. Divers from the United States Navy ship Safeguard joined with Japanese workers to help clear

4312-503: The fishing industry and a number of international cargo vessels. After the Meiji Restoration , Hachinohe Domain was abolished, and replaced by Hachinohe Prefecture, which was subsequently merged into Aomori Prefecture . Initially, there was a debate as to whether the capital of newly formed Aomori Prefecture should be at Hachinohe or Hirosaki ; however, due to strong rivalry between the former Nanbu domain and former Tsugaru Domain ,

4389-503: The horse converts grass into meat less efficiently than ruminants. Totemistic taboo is also a possible reason for refusal to eat horse meat as an everyday food, but did not necessarily preclude ritual slaughter and consumption. Roman sources state that the goddess Epona was widely worshipped in Gaul and southern Britain. Epona, a triple-aspect goddess, was the protectress of the horse and horse keepers, and horses were sacrificed to her; she

4466-608: The horse meat is not affected. Horse meat is commonly eaten in many countries in Europe and Asia. It is not a generally available food in some English-speaking countries such as the United Kingdom, South Africa, Australia, the United States, and English Canada . It is also taboo in Brazil, Ireland, Poland and Israel and among the Romani . Horse meat is not generally eaten in Spain, except in

4543-517: The meat compared to more mainstream offerings. In other parts of the world, horse meat has the stigma of being something poor people eat and is seen as a cheap substitute for other meats, such as pork and beef. In any case, Pope Gregory's law is no longer in force, so there is no prohibition now for Catholics to eat horse meat (other than on abstinence days ). According to the anthropologist Marvin Harris , some cultures class horse meat as taboo because

4620-403: The north, but the country exports horses both as live animals and as slaughtered meat for the French and Italian markets. Horse meat is consumed in some North American and Latin American countries, but is illegal in some others. The Food Standards Code of Australia and New Zealand definition of 'meat' does not include horse. In Tonga , horse meat is eaten nationally, and Tongan emigrants living in

4697-407: The port to facilitate the delivery of relief supplies via the city. On January 1, 2017, Hachinohe was given core city status, with increased local autonomy. Hachinohe has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city legislature of 32 members. Hachinohe contributes eight members to the Aomori Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the town

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4774-704: The province's founding, although large numbers of horses are slaughtered for meat in Fort MacLeod, and certain butchers in Calgary do sell it. In 2013, the consumer protection show Kassensturz of Swiss television SRF reported the poor animal conditions at Bouvry Exports, a Canadian horse meat farm in Fort MacLeod, Alberta. Migros , the primary importer of horse meat into Switzerland, started working with Bouvry to improve their animal welfare, but in 2015 Migros cut ties with Bouvry because though improvements had been made, they had not improved sufficiently. Migros had "set itself

4851-600: The siege, and after the war ended, horse meat remained popular. Likewise, in other places and times of siege or starvation, horses are viewed as a food source of last resort. Despite the general Anglophone taboo, horse and donkey meat was eaten in Britain, especially in Yorkshire , until the 1930s, and, in times of postwar food shortages, surged in popularity in the United States and was considered for use as hospital food . A 2007 Time magazine article about horse meat brought to

4928-441: The slaughter of horses. California outlawed in 1998 via ballot proposition the possession, transfer, reception, or holding any horse, pony, burro, or mule by a person who is aware that it will be used for human consumption, and making the slaughter of horses or the sale of horse meat for human consumption a misdemeanor offense. In 2007, the Illinois General Assembly enacted Public Act 95–02, amending Chapter 225, Section 635 of

5005-456: The state's compiled statutes to prohibit both the act of slaughtering equines for human consumption and the trade of any horse meat similarly to Texas Agriculture Code's Chapter 149. Other states banning horse slaughter or the sale of horse meat include New Jersey, Oklahoma, and Mississippi. In addition, several other states introduced legislation to outlaw the practice over the years, such as Florida, Massachusetts, New Mexico, and New York. At

5082-443: The supply lines, the cavalry used the breastplates of fallen cuirassiers as cooking pans and gunpowder as seasoning, thus founding a practice that carried on until at least the Waterloo campaign. Horse meat gained widespread acceptance in French cuisine during the later years of the Second French Empire . The high cost of living in Paris prevented many working-class citizens from buying meat such as pork or beef ; in 1866,

5159-403: The town government and one public high school operated by the Aomori Prefectural Board of Education. On 28 June 2001, the town's Korean "sister city" Okcheon cancelled a planned trip to send students, on an exchange visit to Gonohe in reaction to approvals by the Japanese government of a series of middle school history textbooks that were regarded by Korea as distorting historical facts. The event

5236-476: The town's total area. Aomori Prefecture The type of weather most characteristic of the region is the yamase , the easterly winds which bring cold air in summer. In Gonohe, the yamase brings rain and, when such conditions last for a long time, harvests are significantly affected because of the low temperatures and lack of sunshine. However, the town receives relatively less snow than its location in northern Tōhoku would otherwise suggest. The town falls within

5313-478: The upholding of aforementioned Illinois and Texas statutes banning horse slaughter and the sale of horse meat. The taboo surrounding horse meat in the United States received national attention again in May 2017 when a restaurant in the Lawrenceville section of Pittsburgh served a dish containing horse tartare as part of a special event the restaurant was hosting with French Canadian chefs as guests. The restaurant, which otherwise does not serve horse meat (which

5390-524: The western countries they are not usually bred or raised specifically for their meat. Instead, horses are slaughtered when their monetary value as riding or work animals is low, but their owners can still make money selling them for horse meat, for example in the routine export of the southern English ponies from the New Forest , Exmoor , and Dartmoor . British law requires the use of " equine passports " even for semiferal horses to enable traceability (also known as "provenance"), so most slaughtering

5467-406: The world, becoming extinct in the Americas . The now-extinct Hagerman horse of Idaho, about the size of a modern-day large pony, is one example of an indigenous New World horse species. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Spaniards, followed by other European settlers, reintroduced horses to the Americas. Some horses became feral , and began to be hunted by the indigenous Pehuenche people of what

5544-453: Was finding its way into sausages and that offal sold as that of oxen was, in fact, equine. While no taboo on eating horse meat exists per se , it is generally considered by ethnic Russians to be a low-quality meat with poor taste, and it is rarely found in stores. It is popular among such historically nomadic peoples as the Tatars , Kyrgyz , and Kazakhs . In 732 AD, Pope Gregory III began

5621-532: Was located in Hachinohe, and was the home of the Seventh Division . An Armed Forces Radio Service radio station was located on the base; it was known as AFRS Hachinohe. In 1950, after the North Korean invasion of South Korea , troops from Camp Haugen left for Korea. AFRS Hachinohe altered its broadcasts to include coverage of South Korea so Americans could benefit from its news and entertainment programs. With

5698-472: Was needed by the human populace. Though large numbers of horses were in Paris (estimates suggested between 65,000 and 70,000 were butchered and eaten during the siege), the supply was ultimately limited. Not even champion racehorses were spared (two horses presented to Napoleon III of France by Alexander II of Russia were slaughtered), but the meat became scarce . Many Parisians gained a taste for horse meat during

5775-477: Was paralleled by the Irish Macha and Welsh Rhiannon . In The White Goddess , Robert Graves argued that the taboo among Britons and their descendants was due to worship of Epona, and even earlier rites. The Uffington White Horse is probable evidence of ancient horse worship. The ancient Indian Kshatriyas engaged in horse sacrifices and horse meat consumption, one of which is Ashwamedha Yajna as recorded in

5852-558: Was preceded by a related incident in April of that year, when a group of Gonohe assemblymen cancelled a planned visit to Korea that May, citing financial difficulties. The Tōhoku Shinkansen passes through Gonohe, but the town has had no passenger railway services after the discontinuation of the Nambu Junkan Railway in 1968, which previously connected it to Hachinohe. Hachinohe, Aomori Hachinohe ( 八戸市 , Hachinohe-shi )

5929-602: Was temporarily removed in 2011 as part of the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act for Fiscal Year 2012 but was again included in the FY2014 Agriculture Appropriations Act and subsequent federal budgets, hence preventing the operation of any domestic horse slaughter operation. Until 2007, only three horse meat slaughterhouses still existed in the United States for export to foreign markets, but they were closed by court orders resulting from

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