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38-575: The fable narrated about this county is that the "first Tibetan was born to the fairy girl, Ruosa and her monkey lover". History of the county came into limelight with the establishment of the Sakyapa school of Tibetan Buddhism . Among the many dzongs and monasteries established in the 14th century, the best known are the Gonngar Dzong and the Gonggar Choede Monastery. In recent history of

76-644: A dharma practitioner. If you cling to existence, then you do not have renunciation. If you are attached to your own interests, then you do not have the mind of awakening. If you hold to a position, then you do not have the correct view. In due course, two subsects emerged from the main Sakya lineage, There were three "mother" monasteries of the Sakya school: Sakya Monastery , founded in 1073, Ngor Evam Choden , founded in 1429, and Phanyul Nalendra in Phanyul, north of Lhasa, founded in 1435 by Kuntchen Rongten. Nalendra became

114-552: A famous scholar and translator who had studied at the Vikramashila directly under Naropa , Ratnākaraśānti , Vagishvakirti and other great panditas from India for twelve years. Khon Konchog Gyalpo became Drogmi's disciple on the advice of his elder brother. The tradition was established by the "Five Venerable Supreme Masters" starting with the grandson of Khonchog Gyalpo, Sachen Kunga Nyingpo , who became known as Sachen, or "Great Sakyapa": Buton Rinchen Drub (1290–1364)

152-401: A higher-level administrative units, the borders of a town would typically include an urban core (a small town with the population on the order of 10,000 people), as well as rural area with some villages ( 村 ; cūn , or 庄 ; zhuāng ). A typical provincial map would merely show a town as a circle centered at its urban area and labeled with its name, while a more detailed one (e.g., a map of

190-403: A population density of 21 per km. As the cradle of ancient culture and its enviable position in the rich history of Tibet, Gonggar County has unique and rich historical monuments, Buddhist monastery, natural geological features such as lake and caves, scenic regions and religiously linked mountains. Dorjezha Monastery , situated on a hilltop, blends well with the rock setting and is named after

228-427: A provincial atlas - would label the county seat location with both the name of the county (e.g., 通山县 ; Tōngshān xiàn ) and, below, and in a smaller font, with the name of the township (e.g., 通羊镇 ; Tōngyáng zhèn ). Intercity buses, trains, or riverboats destined to, or stopping at a county seat may designate its destination either by the name of the county or the name of the county-seat township. In contrast to

266-419: A single county-level division) would also show the borders dividing the county or county-level city into towns ( 镇 ) and/or township ( 乡 ) and subdistrict (街道) units. The town in which the county level government, and usually the division's main urban area), are located is often not marked on less-detailed maps, because its location is usually labeled with the name of the county level division rather than

304-567: A wealth of tantric doctrines from numerous Tibetan translators or " lotsawas " who had visited India : most importantly Drokmi Lotsawa , Bari Lotsawa and Mal Lotsawa . From Drokmi comes the supreme teaching of Sakya, the system of Lamdre "Path and its Fruit" deriving from the mahasiddha Virūpa based upon the Hevajra Tantra. Mal Lotsawa introduced to Sakya the esoteric Vajrayogini lineage known as "Naro Khachoma." From Bari Lotsawa came innumerable tantric practices, foremost of which

342-649: Is famous for the Gyaideshiu 'Bangdian' apron not only among women in Tibet but also is in demand in Nepal, India, Bhutan and Western Europe. The town is located in the county, 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) to its east on the highway towards Zetang . Bangdian" is an apron of China's Tibetan ethnic group with historic heritage of 1,500 years of hand weaving. This weaving technique is designated as "China's state-level intangible cultural heritage." There are two National Highways passing through

380-512: Is the standard English translation of the Chinese 镇 (traditional: 鎮 ; pinyin : zhèn ; Wade–Giles : chen ). The Constitution of the People's Republic of China classifies towns as third-level administrative units, along with, for example, townships ( Chinese : 乡 ; pinyin : xiāng ). A township is typically smaller in population and more remote than a town. Similarly to

418-528: Is thought to be the reincarnation of two great Tibetan masters: a Nyingmapa lama known as Apong Terton (Orgyen Thrinley Lingpa), who is famous for his Red Tara cycle, and his grandfather, the 39th Kyabgon Sakya Trizin Dhagtshul Thrinley Rinchen (1871–1936). Traditionally, hereditary succession has alternated between the two Sakya palaces, since Khon Könchok Gyelpo's (1034–1102) reign. The Ducho sub-dynasty of Sakya survives split into two palaces,

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456-667: The Yuan dynasty . Sakya lamas, along with Sakya Imperial Preceptors and dpon-chens continued to serve as viceroys or administrators of Tibet on behalf of Yuan emperors for nearly 75 years after Phagpa’s death in 1280, until the Yuan dynasty was greatly weakened by the Red Turban Rebellion in the 1350s, a decade before the Ming dynasty founded by the Han people overthrew the Yuan dynasty. The leaders of

494-731: The Dolma Phodrang and Phuntsok Phodrang. Sakya Trizin is head of the Dolma Phodrang. Jigdal Dagchen Sakya (1929–2016) was the head of the Phuntsok Phodrang, and lived in Seattle, Washington, where he co-founded Sakya Monastery of Tibetan Buddhism with Dezhung Rinpoche III , and constructed the first Tibetan Buddhist Monastery in the United States. Dagchen Sakya's father was the previous Sakya Trizin, Trichen Ngawang Thutop Wangchuk, throne holder of Sakya, and his mother Dechen Drolma. Dagchen Sakya

532-614: The Gonggar County in Gonggar town. The statue was erected by contributions made by the people of Hunan Province, where Mao was born. The statue, erected in honour of the Chairman Mao, was in gratitude for the people of his hometown. The statue is erected on a 5.16 metres (16.9 ft) pedestal is 7.1 metres (23 ft) tall and weighs 35 tonnes and made in granite. It cost 480,000 yuan (US$ 60,000). Gyaideshiu town (also spelt Jiedexiu Town)

570-470: The Gonggar County in the Jiedexiu area and is known as "Jed Show Apron". The county is synonymous with this apron, which has a distinctive and characteristic style, and it is produced here for the last 500 or 600 years. Gonggar County contains 5 town and 4 townships . Gonggar County has a geographical area of 2,283 square kilometres (881 sq mi), with a total population of 50,000 (2003), which gives

608-645: The Gonggar County, except one monk who is from Renbo County of Shigatse Prefecture . The Management system established is democratic, with each individual member of the Management Commission made responsible for particular tasks such as religious activities, finance and daily matters. It maintains close interaction with the Choqin Monastery ( Dêgê County in Sichuan province) also of the Nyigma sect and both follow

646-624: The Sage's Intent" ( Wylie : thub pa dgongs gsal ) and "Discriminating the Three Vows" ( Wylie : sdom gsum rab dbye ). The main Dharma system of the Sakya school is the "Path with its Result" ( Wylie : lam dang 'bras bu bcas ), which is split into two main lineages, "Explanation for the Assembly" ( Wylie : tshogs bshad ) and the "Explanation for Close Disciples" ( Wylie : slobs bshad ). The other major system of

684-467: The Sakya regime were as follows. New branches: Tantric techniques : Fourfold division: Twofold division: Thought forms and visualisation: Yoga : The head of the Sakya school, known as Sakya Trizin ("holder of the Sakya throne"), is always drawn from the male line of the Khön family. The present Sakya Trizin, Gyana Vajra is the forty-third to hold that office. 41st Sakya Trizin

722-450: The Sakya school is the " Naropa Explanation For Disciples" ( Wylie : nā ro mkha spyod slob bshad ). Another important series of teachings is based on verses of Günga Nyingpo (1092–1158) called "separating from the four attachments" which is the subject of commentaries by numerous Sakya masters like Drakpa Gyeltsen, Sakya Pandita, Ngorchen Günga Sangpo, and Gorampa Sönam Senggé. The verses are: If you cling to this life, then you are not

760-451: The county are wild yak , wild ass , Tibetan antelope , Tibetan gazelle , and black-necked cranes . The livestock are mainly yak, pianniu, cattle, goats, sheep, horses, donkeys, mules and pigs. The county has predominantly an agricultural economy and is considered the grain base of Shannan. Tourism also adds to the economic development of the county. Economic progress is witnessed in the county in all sectors of economy. In recent years,

798-457: The county has held five Trade fairs and 3 cultural fairs to promote local products and Tibetan handicrafts. The energy resources of the county consist of the two functioning hydropower stations with generating capacity of 530 MWh. The Yamzhog pumped storage power station with installed capacity of 90 MW is under construction. The famous apron, which the Tibetan married women wear, is a handicraft of

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836-437: The county is 7.8 million mu and of grassland area is 282 mu. The main crops and vegetables grown are barley, winter wheat, spring wheat, pea, broad bean, rape, radish, potato, Yuan cabbage, tomatoes and cauliflower. Medicinal plants and products in the county are creeping cypress , opulus , ginseng fruits, snow lotus , Chinese caterpillar fungus , Fritillaria , musk and seabuckthorn . The wildlife species recorded in

874-650: The county, apart from several rural network of roads. The county is also famous for the Lhasa Gonggar Airport . Sakyapa The Sakya ( Tibetan : ས་སྐྱ་ , Wylie : sa skya , 'pale earth') school is one of four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism , the others being the Nyingma , Kagyu , and Gelug . It is one of the Red Hat Orders along with the Nyingma and Kagyu. The name Sakya ("pale earth") derives from

912-569: The county, during the reform of the late 1950s, Gonggar County was the scene of armed rebellion between the Kamba rebels (under the banner of “four rivers and six mountain ranges”) and the People's Liberation Army of China (PLA); PLA troops were killed and their convoy of army vehicles ambushed here. Gonggar County is located in southern Tibet and has a total area of 2,283 square kilometres (881 sq mi). The Yarlung Tsangpo River ( Brahmaputra River ),

950-558: The east to the limits of the Dal Valley on the south bank of the Brahmaputra and Dorje Monastery on the north bank. The county also envelops the southern side valleys of Namrab and Drib counties and the northern side valleys of Leuchung and Trango counties. The county has monsoon climate. It has four climatic seasons. It has a long winter and hardly any summer season. The average temperature varies from 7.2–8.5 °C (45.0–47.3 °F), with

988-529: The home of the 'whispered-lineage' of the Tsar school. The Bodongpa tradition , founded by Bodong Panchen Chögle Namgyel [1376 1451], is considered by some scholars to be a sub-sect of the Sakya tradition. The Mongol conquest of Tibet began after the foundation of the Mongol Empire in the early 13th century. In 1264, the feudal reign over Tibet was given to Drogön Chögyal Phagpa by Kublai Khan , founder of

1026-498: The mother river of Tibet, flows through the Gonggar County and among other counties of Shannan, and is thus rich in water resources. Set in west to east direction, the county is a plateau land with an average altitude of 3,750 metres (12,300 ft). The Gonggar County is situated at a location where Yarlung Tsangpo River is very wide. It is for this reason that the Gonggar Airport was constructed at this location. The airport lies to

1064-522: The name of the actual town into which this urban area falls. For example, the county government of Tongshan County is located in Tongyang Town ( 通羊镇 ; Tōngyáng zhèn ), but the maps would normally show it with a circle labeled "Tongshan County" ( 通山县 ) or simply "Tongshan" ( 通山 ). Road signs would also normally show distance to "Tongshan" rather than "Tongyang". On the other hand, more detailed maps - e.g., maps of individual prefecture-level cities in

1102-456: The rock known as Vraja, the green coloured gemstones found behind the monastery. The literal meaning of ‘Dorjezha’ is “Diamond Hill.” It was initially built on modest lines, on the right bank of the Yarlung River by a wealthy local man known as Doxie Dorje. The monastery was destroyed completely in 1717 during Zungar invasion of this area. It was, however, rebuilt in 1718. Further, the monastery

1140-502: The same teaching and practicing of Buddhist tenets. In this monastery, the practice of the “Reincarnation of the Living Buddha” is followed and hence it has the name of Renchenqinmo Dorjeza Jambeilobsam Gyinmeinamzogyacho and the present Living Buddha is the 10th Reincarnation in this lineage, and as result this monastery has huge reputation among the adherents of Tibetan Buddhism . A large statue of Mao Zedong has been installed in

1178-1166: The suppression of Buddhism by the Communists would have been much more final. Towns of China Provinces Autonomous regions Sub-provincial autonomous prefectures Autonomous prefectures Leagues (Aimag) (abolishing) Prefectures Provincial-controlled cities Provincial-controlled counties Autonomous counties County-level cities Districts Ethnic districts Banners (Hoxu) Autonomous banners Shennongjia Forestry District Liuzhi Special District Wolong Special Administrative Region Workers and peasants districts Ethnic townships Towns Subdistricts Subdistrict bureaux Sum Ethnic sum County-controlled districts County-controlled district bureaux (obsolete) Management committees Town-level city Areas Villages · Gaqa · Ranches Village Committees Communities Capital cities New areas Autonomous administrative divisions National Central Cities History: before 1912 , 1912–49 , 1949–present When referring to political divisions of China , town

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1216-525: The unique grey landscape of the Ponpori Hills in southern Tibet near Shigatse , where Sakya Monastery , the first monastery of this tradition, and the seat of the Sakya School was built by Khon Konchog Gyalpo (1034–1102) in 1073. The Sakya tradition developed during the second period of translation of Buddhist scripture from Sanskrit into Tibetan in the late 11th century. It was founded by Drogmi ,

1254-564: The warmest month average temperature being 15.8 °C (60.4 °F) and the coldest month average temperature is −2.2 °C (28.0 °F). The average annual precipitation is 356.6 millimetres (14.04 in) with 29.9 rainy days. The annual sunshine hours are 3,194 and frost-free period is 142 days. It is subject to natural disasters from frequent storms with 40 days of gale days on an average concentrated in February–April. Solar radiation has been recorded as 7,710 MJ/m The forest area in

1292-671: The west of Rawa-me, which is the capital of the county at the entry of the Namrab Valley, 96 kilometres (60 mi) from Lhasa and 87 kilometres (54 mi) from Tsetang, the capital of Shannan. The county is bounded by the Mount Chuwaru (held sacred in Tibet) opposite to Chusul, the Gompa La (4,794 kilometres (2,979 mi)) Pass to the south on the route to the sacred Yamdrok Lake in West Tibet, on

1330-448: Was an important scholar and writer and one of Tibet's most celebrated historians. Other notable scholars of the Sakya tradition are the so-called "Six Ornaments of Tibet:" The leadership of the Sakya School is passed down through a hereditary system between the male members of the Sakya branch of the Khon family. Samding Dorje Phagmo Sachen, the first of the five supreme masters, inherited

1368-501: Was married to Dagmo Jamyang Kusho Sakya; they have five sons, five grandchildren and three great-grandchildren. Having seen how the Gelug institutions pushed the other traditions into the corners of Tibet's cultural life, Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo and Jamgön Kongtrül compiled together the teachings of the Sakya, Kagyu and Nyingma , including many near-extinct teachings. Without Khyentse and Kongtrul's collecting and printing of rare works,

1406-555: Was supported by the Fifth Dalai Lama and consequently, it underwent major improvements and became one of the famous monasteries of Tibet. At the peak of its popularity, 2000 monks of Nyingma sect resided here; it is known as the only ancestral monastery of the Sakyapa sect. It was substantially damaged during the Cultural Revolution. However, it was rebuilt in 1978. At present, 29 monks reside here, and most of them are from

1444-544: Was the cycle of practices known as the One Hundred Sadhanas . Other key transmissions that form part of the Sakya spiritual curriculum include the cycles of Vajrakilaya , Mahākāla and Guhyasamāja tantras . The fourth Sakya patriarch, Sakya Pandita , was notable for his exceptional scholarship and composed many important and influential texts on sutra and tantra, including "Means of Valid Cognition: A Treasury of Reasoning" ( Wylie : tshad ma rigs gter ), "Clarifying

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