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25-547: The current Golden Congo award comprises six genre prizes: Vallenato (since 1978), Merengue (since 1994), Tropical (since 1994), Salsa (since 1994), Urban (since 2012), Folk (1992–4, and again since 2018), and four additional prizes: Newcomer, Best Vocalist, Best Instrumentalist and Lo Nuestro ("What's Ours"). In 2024 the Barranquilla Carnival celebrated its 20th incarnation since being proclaimed intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO in 2003. As part of

50-424: A parranda (party) inside the very strict Valledupar Social Club with friends. This triggered an acceptance for the music and it became a regular feature at parties, carnivals and reunions, not for dancing, but for listening to these juglares stories . Alfonso López Michelsen , a prominent Colombian politician, showed interest in the region as his ancestors and wife were born there. While a Senator , he pushed for

75-612: A category; both were discontinued after 1994 and reintroduced in the 2010s. In 1978 the category of " vallenato " was introduced, which was also sometimes awarded as "accordion". The "ensemble" prize was occasionally awarded as "group" (Spanish: combo ) instead. From 1981 the ensemble prize was regularly split by either genre ( tropical / salsa ) or by nationality. From 1969 to 1977 the only categories were "orchestra" (Spanish: orquesta ) and "ensemble" (Spanish: conjuto ). Occasionally special Golden Congos are given to recognise particular achievements. The Super Congo (also called

100-508: A jury awards Golden Congos in the same genre categories as the Orchestra Festival, and in addition awards the "Antonio María Peñaloza" prize for an unpublished song. The competition at the Night of Orchestras is open to musicians and groups from Barranquilla and the surrounding region. The awards at the Night of Orchestras were first given in 2018, and the winners received automatic entry to

125-741: A result of chance encounters between vallenatos minstrels who roamed the northern part of Colombia brightening binges and to demonstrate their talent on the accordion and the art of improvisation faced with songs and rhymes. One of the most important meetings of the Piqueria was between Emiliano Zuleta and Lorenzo Morales, both vallenato accordionists. From this meeting came the popular song "La Gota Fría" ("The Cold Drop" in English), played in its most popular version by Colombian singer Carlos Vives. Many vallenato festivals are held annually in Colombia, such as: Thanks to

150-430: A wider audience started mixing vallenato with other international genres, like salsa , merengue , rock , classical music , reggae , reggaeton , ranchera , techno and house music . Some of these mixes did not become very popular because of their experimental sounds. La Nueva Ola refers to the new generation of vallenato groups and orchestras that have created a distinctive sound for themselves while keeping some of

175-635: Is Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding, according to UNESCO . This form of music originated from farmers who, keeping a tradition of Spanish minstrels ( juglares in Spanish), used to travel through the region with their cattle in search of pastures or to sell them in cattle fairs. Because they traveled from town to town and the region lacked rapid communications, these farmers served as bearers of news for families living in other towns or villages. Their only form of entertainment during these trips

200-503: Is a membranophone instrument derived from the caxambu drum, usually played with both hands. Slightly conical and of varying sizes, it is usually light in weight and made of lacquered wood or metal (usually aluminum ) with a tunable nylon head. It is in the shape of an ice cream cone with the top and the point cut off. The drum is most often found in Bahia , originating in Salvador, Bahia , and

225-482: Is used mainly to play Afro-Brazilian rhythms, such as axé and samba - reggae . It is played in a similar manner to the atabaque , a hand drum of which one version was brought to Brazil in slavery and is used in Candomblé rituals. In the 1980s, a musical/social movement was organized to bring the timbal to popular music. The timbal is designed to play loud, rapid phrases and solos with powerful slaps. The sound of

250-624: The Super Congo de Oro or the Supercongo) was created in 1990 specifically to honour Joe Arroyo , who had won a Golden Congo at each of the 6 preceding festivals. Since then the Super Congo has been awarded several times. Twice a Rey del Pueblo (King of the People) has been crowned at the Orchestra Festival, decided by a public vote. Some Golden Congos have only been given once. In 1985 Alejo Durán

275-1343: The Vallenato Legend Festival, this musical genre became known through the region including regions of Venezuela, and when a popular telenovela , "Escalona", based on the life of Vallenato composer, Rafael Escalona was aired on national television (with vallenato superstar Carlos Vives as Escalona), vallenato became widely known in Colombia and internationally. Some renowned traditional vallenato performers are Guillermo Buitrago , Alejo Duran , Enrique Díaz, Emiliano Zuleta , Luis Enrique Martínez, Abel Antonio Villa and Lorenzo Morales. Other important characters such as Tobías Enrique Pumarejo and Rafael Escalona never played any instrument, but were important writers of very well known songs across Latin America. Other well-known Colombian musicians who sing vallenatos are Rafael Orozco Maestre , Miguel Morales, Diomedes Díaz , Jorge Oñate , Ivan Villazon , Adanies Díaz, Nicolas "Colacho" Mendoza (accordion player and composer), Juan Humberto "Juancho" Rois (accordion player and composer), Omar Geles (accordion player and composer), Israel Romero, Peter Manjarrés, Silvestre Dangond , Los Gigantes Del Vallenato, Galy Galiano , and Lisandro Meza among others. The current ambassador of

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300-499: The accordionist gives it. These are son, paseo, merengue, and puya. The son and the paseo have a 4 time and the merengue and the puya a 8 time. The piqueria vallenata is a type of typical musical showdown Colombian Caribbean folklore and Vallenato. As in the contrapunteo Joropo burrowing, or trova paisa within the music, litigants demonstrate their improvisational skills in building verses that challenge their opponent. This type of musical confrontation arose as

325-473: The celebrations, the Orchestra Festival did not hold a competition for the Golden Congo, but instead awarded one to every performer. In 2012 Golden Congos for "best performance" (Spanish: variations on mejor intérprete or mejor instrumentista ) and " urban music " were given for the first time, and the "newcomer" (Spanish: revelación ) prize was reintroduced. In 2016 the Golden Congo for performance

350-557: The competition at the Orchestra Festival that year. In 2019 no competition was held at the Orchestra Festival, and since then winners at the Night of Orchestras have been granted entry to the Orchestra Festival the following year, as opposed to the same year. Vallenato Vallenato ( Latin American Spanish pronunciation: [baʝeˈnato] ) is a popular folk music genre from Colombia . It primarily comes from its Caribbean region . Vallenato literally means "born in

375-538: The creation of the Department of Cesar and became, in 1966, its first governor. Once in office and together with writer and reporter Consuelo Araújo Noguera and vallenato composer Rafael Escalona, they created the Vallenato Legend Festival . Its three traditional instruments are: Vallenato consists of four beats or "airs" that are differentiated through their rhythmic structure and the melody chord structure

400-496: The essences of their predecessors. Kaleth Morales is considered the leading artist of this young wave of vallenato musical groups, even after his death following a car accident on August 24, 2005. The leader is now Silvestre Dangond, who won five awards in Premios Nuestra Tierra in 2009. Other relevant artists are Silvestre Dangond , Peter Manjarrés and Martín Elías . Timbal The timbau or Brazilian timbal

425-482: The genre is Carlos Vives , who has progressively helped vallenato gain popularity worldwide by combining traditional vallenato music with pop/rock music, subgenre that has come to be known as "vallenato-pop". The traditional vallenato developed into a more orchestra type of musical group. Throughout the years, some groups started adding instruments and a group chorus to support the main singer, popularly and sarcastically known as "ay omberos". With these changes. Some of

450-474: The instruments added or used by some orchestras were: the bass guitar , the congas drums, a Timbal set, drum kit , maracas , guache, electric piano , Spanish guitars , tambourine , cowbell , electric guitar , Saxophone , piano accordion , violins , among others. These groups also started fusioning local genres to the vallenato, usually with cumbia , porro sabanero, gaitas (group of gaita flute interpreters), merecumbe and joropo . Some groups seeking

475-410: The musical genres of merengue , tropical , and salsa were introduced, in place of "orchestra" and "ensemble". 1994 was also the last year that "newcomer" and "folk group" were awarded until their return in 2012 and 2018 respectively. In 1989 the category of "newcomer" (Spanish: revelación ) was awarded for the first time, and in 1992 "folk group" (Spanish: grupo folclórico ) was introduced as

500-473: The sound of the accordion, troubadors probably later obtained accordions from Aruba and Curaçao . Vallenato was considered music of the lower class and farmers, but gradually started penetrating through every social group during the mid-20th century. Don Clemente Quintero – a prominent member from the region's elite – was a lover of this music, usually accompanied by liquor , was a form of entertainment for this almost isolated region. He then decided to start

525-596: The valley". The valley influencing this name is located between the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the Serranía de Perijá in north-east Colombia. The name also applies to the people from the city where this genre originated: Valledupar (from the place named Valle de Upar – "Valley of Upar"). In 2006, vallenato and cumbia were added as a category in the Latin Grammy Awards . Colombia's traditional vallenato music

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550-681: Was awarded the "Special Congo" (Spanish: Congo Especial ). In 1989 Alfredo de la Fe won a Golden Congo for "Best Solo Artist". In 1994 Cristian del Real received an honourable mention as the "boy genius of the timbal ." Golden Congos are also given for floats and dancers that take part in the Battle of the Flowers parade of the Barranquilla Carnival. At the Barranquilla Carnival Night of Orchestras (Spanish: Noche de Orquestas )

575-492: Was no Barranquilla Carnival due to the Covid-19 pandemic ; the Orchestra Festival held a virtual event featuring past performances. In 1995 the categories "newcomer" and "folk group" were discontinued, and a prize was introduced called the " Premio Rescate de lo Nuestro " (English: rescuing what is ours prize). It later became known as simply "Lo Nuestro", and at one point as "Lo Nuestro 'Roberto de Castro'". In 1994 prizes for

600-464: Was singing and playing guitars or indigenous gaita flutes, known as kuisis in the Kogi language , and their form of transmitting their news was by singing their messages. The first form of vallenato was played with gaita flutes , guacharaca , and caja, and later adopted other instruments like guitars . These troubadors were later influenced by Europe's instruments: piano and accordion . Impressed by

625-580: Was split into separate prizes for vocalists and instrumentalists, and in 2018 "folk" was reintroduced as a genre category. On the 50th anniversary of the Orchestra Festival in 2019 no awards were given; instead, past competitors and winners returned to perform at the festival, including Los Corraleros de Majagual , Los Gaiteros de San Jacinto , Pacho Galán , Checo Acosta , Juan Piña  [ es ] , Poncho Zuleta  [ es ] , Sergio Vargas , Beto Zabaleta  [ es ] , Eddy Herrera , Bazurto All Stars, and Jorge Oñate . In 2021 there

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