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32-793: The Gold Coast Desalination Plant is a 125 ML/d (46 gigalitres per year) reverse osmosis , water desalination plant located in Bilinga , a seaside suburb of the Gold Coast , in Queensland , Australia. It supplies water to the South East Queensland region via the South East Queensland Water Grid . The plant first supplied water to the grid in February 2009. It is owned by Seqwater and operated by Veolia. As of Summer 2020/2021,

64-484: A 50:50 joint venture. The construction process was led by a group known as the Gold Coast Desalination Alliance. It consists of Veolia Water , John Holland Group , Sinclair Knight Merz and Cardno . Investigations by the Gold Coast Desalination Alliance identified 13 possible sites of which three, Pimpama , Coombabah and Bilinga, were short-listed. The Gold Coast City Council chose Bilinga as

96-436: A day. Later in 2009 with some expansion the production reached to 132,000 m³ of water a day. In Sindh Province Pakistan the provincial government has installed 382 reverse osmosis plants in the province out of which 207 are installed in backward areas of Sindh which includes districts of Thar, Thatta, Badin, Sukkur, Shaheed, Benazirabad, Noshero, Feroz, and others while 726 are on the final stage of their completion. In China

128-545: A desalination plant was planned for Tianjin in 2010, to produce 100,000 m³ of desalinated seawater a day. In Spain in 2004, 20 reverse osmosis plants were planned to be built along the Costas, expecting to meet slightly over 1% of Spain's total water needs. Nearly 17% of drinking water in Perth, Australia comes from a reverse osmosis plant that desalinates sea water. Perth is an ideal candidate for reverse osmosis plants as it has

160-412: A moat and was an pentagonal structure concealed behind an embankment. It was fortified with two six-inch disappearing guns, also in 1881 a rifle range was added. The layout of the village can be seen in an 1889 map. Lytton State School opened on 18 September 1882 with an initial enrolment of 41 students under teacher Mr A. S. Spencer. It was located on a 10-acre (4.0 ha) site on a hill overlooking

192-616: A number of heritage-listed sites, including: Although Lytton was once a town, it is now primarily commercial and industrial. It shares the same postcode as the Port of Brisbane . Ampol owns and operates the Lytton Oil Refinery in the north east of the suburb ( 27°24′55″S 153°09′27″E  /  27.4154°S 153.1575°E  / -27.4154; 153.1575  ( oil refinery ) ). The plant could produce 109,000 barrels per day in 2012. Wynnum Wastewater Treatment Plant

224-521: A plan for a 55 ML/day desalination plant during 2005., which was anticipated to cost around $ 260 million. Due to worsening drought conditions, in 2006 the Queensland Government joined with the Gold Coast to expand the plan to a 133 ML/day plant that could share output with the entire region. The Queensland Government contributed $ 869 million to the expanded project, which was to be developed through

256-524: A relatively dry and arid climate where conventional freshwater resources are scarce, yet it is surrounded by ocean. Western Australia's Water Corporation announced the Perth desalination plant in April 2005. At the time, it was the largest desalination plant using reverse osmosis technology in the southern hemisphere. Lytton, Queensland Download coordinates as: Lytton is an outer riverside suburb in

288-670: A road was surveyed from Norman Creek . A telegraph line was run from Brisbane to Lytton in 1862. The hulk "Prosperine" in the Brisbane River off Lytton was used as a floating Reformatory for Boys. From 1871 to 1879 the boys were taught by the Reformatory's Sub-Inspector. From 22 July 1879 a qualified teacher was supplied by the Queensland Public Instruction Department to the Hulk "Proserpine" School, after which it

320-562: A semi-permeable membrane, which retains all contaminants but lets pure water pass through. Energy requirements depend on the concentration of salts and contaminants in the influent water; higher concentrations requires more energy to treat. In 1977 Cape Coral , Florida became the first municipality in the United States to use the RO process on a large scale with an initial operating capacity of 11,356 m³ (3 million gallons) per day. By 1985, due to

352-429: A small amount of wind. Soon after being commissioned, rainfall and water storages increased in south east Queensland. Three major storages, Wivenhoe , Somerset Dam and North Pine dams, approached 80% of capacity in mid-2009 and reached 100% by the end of 2010. Due to the availability of ample water in south east Queensland's dams, water supply costs and impacts on household water bills could be reduced by minimising

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384-604: Is a manufacturing plant where the process of reverse osmosis takes place. Reverse osmosis is a common process to purify or desalinate contaminated water by forcing water through a membrane. Water produced by reverse osmosis may be used for a variety of purposes, including desalination , wastewater treatment , concentration of contaminants, and the reclamation of dissolved minerals. An average modern reverse osmosis plant needs six kilowatt-hours of electricity to desalinate one cubic metre of water. The process also results in an amount of salty briny waste. The challenge for these plants

416-460: Is a pan in the west of the suburb ( 27°25′36″S 153°08′34″E  /  27.4266°S 153.1427°E  / -27.4266; 153.1427  ( Clunie Flats ) ). A pilot station and a village were established at Lytton in 1859. It was most likely named after Edward Bulwer-Lytton (1803–73) who was the Colonial Secretary of State in 1858–59. It would be two years before

448-449: Is a sewage treatment plant on Tanker Street ( 27°25′06″S 153°09′54″E  /  27.4182°S 153.1650°E  / -27.4182; 153.1650  ( Wynnum Wastewater Treatment Plant ) ). It releases treated water into Crab Creek ( 27°25′00″S 153°10′00″E  /  27.4166°S 153.1666°E  / -27.4166; 153.1666  ( Crab Creek (mouth) ) ) which flows into Moreton Bay . There are

480-496: Is an electricity-intensive way to produce water. The plant uses around 3.58 kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity for every cubic metre (kilolitre) of water it produces. To offset the carbon emissions associated with this electricity consumption, the plant operators purchase renewable energy certificates (RECs). The RECs have been produced by a range of renewable energy sources with the main source being solar hot water system installations. Other sources include solar photovoltaic, hydro and

512-533: Is bounded by the Brisbane River to the north-west. It is 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) east of the Brisbane CBD , but travel by the railway or road is considerably longer. Lytton Hill is in the north-east of the suburb ( 27°24′51″S 153°09′43″E  /  27.4141°S 153.1619°E  / -27.4141; 153.1619  ( Lytton Hill ) ) 26 metres (85 ft) above sea level. Clunie Flats

544-485: Is owned by Seqwater . Ongoing monitoring is undertaken at the plant as part of its environmental licence. Underwater footage [1] shows an abundance of marine life is now active around artificial reefs that have been created on the marine structures. Community groups such as the Queensland Conservation Council and GECKO have expressed concern over environmental issues with the project. Desalination

576-547: Is to find ways to reduce energy consumption, use sustainable energy sources, improve the process of desalination and to innovate in the area of waste management to deal with the waste. Self-contained water treatment plants using reverse osmosis, called reverse osmosis water purification units , are normally used in a military context. Reverse osmosis plants require a variety of pre-treatment techniques including softening, dechlorination, and anti-scalent treatment. Following pre-treatment, high levels of pressure send water through

608-509: The City of Brisbane , Queensland , Australia. In the 2021 census , Lytton had "no people or a very low population". The historical region was a significant naval base after the establishment of Fort Lytton between 1880 and 1881. The Fort safeguarded the city and shipping routes from hostile invasions during the colonial period as Brisbane was close to the French naval garrison at Nouméa. The suburb

640-692: The Year (2009) at the Global Water Awards. There is potential to increase output to 167 megalitres a day. However the plant was identified as a reserve, rather than priority, site on the Queensland Government's list of possible sites for future desalination plants. Lytton and either Marcoola or Bribie Island are the priority sites. The plant was officially handed over to the Queensland Government agency WaterSecure in October 2010. Since 1 July 2011 it

672-486: The core desalination equipment, the project includes 1.5 kilometre marine intake and outlet tunnels, a 25 kilometre pipeline to connect to the South East Queensland Water Grid at Worongary , a pump station and a small reservoir. The project schedule was approximately: The plant produced its first water in November 2008 and began supplying water to the grid in February 2009. In January 2009, rust and valve problems delayed

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704-423: The final piece of work to be completed by the end of August 2010. These defects did not affect the plant's ability to produce clean safe water but had implications for its long term viability. The Queensland Government refused to accept ownership of the plant until all problems were rectified. It is the first large-scale desalination plant on Australia's eastern seaboard and was named Membrane Desalination Plant of

736-468: The location of the proposed plant. The Bilinga site is compatible with surrounding land use, requires the shortest intake and outlet pipelines of the three site options and the inlet and outlet pipes cross a minor fault line. The plant is a 'two-pass' reverse osmosis desalination plant. The first pass removes salt, minerals and other microscopic particles, while the second pass targets boron and bromide specifications suitable for drinking water. As well as

768-410: The most suitable site for the desalination plant due to being closest to the coast, having low environmental impact and cost, and being best suited to achieving a timely construction process. This choice was aligned with community values and expectations – community consultation conducted prior to construction highlighted that environmental impacts and cost were the most important issues when considering

800-548: The plant is operating at maximum production capacity. Water supplies in South East Queensland reached very low levels during Australia's ' Millennium drought ', primarily from 2003 to 2009. The region's major water storages reached around 50% of capacity in mid-2005 and 20% in mid-2007. In response to this worsening situation a range of water infrastructure projects were proposed to bolster supplies in south east Queensland. The Gold Coast City Council initially developed

832-494: The plant's opening. The plant began operations in February 2009 and has been operating according to grid instructions since that time, except for a five-week shutdown in May 2009 and a three-month shutdown from June to August 2010 to repair previously identified defects. During the initial shutdown a formal investigation of these problems was undertaken. In June 2009 some further faults were identified, all bar one of which were rectified with

864-475: The plant's operations. On 5 December 2010, then Natural Resources Minister, Stephen Robertson confirmed the plant would go into standby mode that month as a cost-saving measure. The plant has been used for brief periods since 2010 for a range of contingencies. For example: The plant plays an important role in Seqwater's plans to manage future droughts. Reverse osmosis plant A reverse osmosis plant

896-499: The rapid growth in population of Cape Coral, the city had the largest low pressure reverse osmosis plant in the world, capable of producing 56,782 m³ (15 million gallons) per day. In Israel at Ashkelon on the Mediterranean coast, the world's largest reverse osmosis plant is producing 396,000 m³ of water a day at around possibly US$ 0.50 per m³. In western Saudi Arabia at Yanbu, production started in 1999 at 106,904 m³ of water

928-426: The school was renamed Wilson Youth Hospital School, while the older boys remained at Westbrook and had correspondence classes if desired. Wilson Youth Hospital School closed in 1968. During the years 1876–1908 a local post office was open. Due to Lytton's location on the south-east bank of the Brisbane River at its seaward end Fort Lytton was built in the 1881 to guard the mouth of the Brisbane River . The fort had

960-545: The sea on the Old Brisbane Road, about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from the Lytton Wharf (approx 27°25′31″S 153°09′50″E  /  27.4253°S 153.1638°E  / -27.4253; 153.1638  ( Lytton State School (former) ) ). In 1911, the buildings were relocated to Wynnum North and the school renamed Wynnum North State School in 1911. Wynnum North State School closed on 31 December 2010 as it

992-407: Was amalgamated with Lindum State School and Wynnum Central State School to create a new Wynnum State School. The Wynnum North State School site was sold and redeveloped as an apartment complex. At the 2011 census , Lytton had a population of 6 people. In the 2016 census , Lytton had a population of 6 people. In the 2021 census , Lytton had "no people or a very low population". Lytton has

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1024-697: Was variously known as the Lytton Stockade School and the Lytton Reformatory School. In 1900 the reformatory and its school moved to Westbrook, west of Ipswich, where the facility was known as Westbrook Reformatory for Boys and the school was renamed Westbrook Reformatory School, then later renamed Westbrook Farm Home School. On 5 July 1961 the school and its primary school-aged boys moved to the Wilson Youth Hospital in Windsor , Brisbane and

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