133-570: Golconda diamonds are mined in the Godavari-Krishna delta region of Andhra Pradesh , India. Golconda Fort in the western part of modern-day Hyderabad was a seat of the Golconda Sultanate and became an important centre for diamond enhancement , lapidary , and trading. Golconda diamonds are graded as Type IIa , are formed of pure carbon , are devoid of nitrogen , and are large with high clarity . They are often described as diamonds of
266-515: A sovereign kingdom and acquired neighbouring estates with the support of British. Later it fell out with the British and, as a result, was attacked and defeated in the battle of Padmanabham in 1794. It was annexed as a tributary estate like other principalities and remained so until it acceded to the Indian Union in 1949. Following the annexation of Carnatic sultanate in 1801, the last major piece of
399-438: A 4.5 metres (15 ft) long, white rectangular piece of non-stitched cloth often bordered in brightly coloured stripes. Women traditionally wear a sari , a garment that consists of a drape varying from 5 to 9 yards (4.6 to 8.2 m) in length and 2 to 4 feet (0.61 to 1.22 m) in breadth that is typically wrapped around the waist, with one end draped over the shoulder, baring the midriff, as according to Indian philosophy,
532-447: A combination of groundnuts , fried vegetables, and chillies, is a must in a meal. Pickles made using mangoes, gooseberries, lemons, etc. are enjoyed in combination with Pappu . Buttermilk and yoghurt mixed with rice eaten towards the end of the meal soothe the body, especially after eating spicy food items earlier. A tamarind-rich dish popularly known as Pulihora is made with a thick sauce of tamarind, chillies, salt and asafoetida. It
665-490: A focus on sex, suspense and violence, which were serialised in magazines. Viswanatha Satyanarayana was conferred the first Jnanpith Award for Telugu literature in 1970. Telugu film song as literature took shape in the 1930s. Some of the famous lyric writers include Samudrala Senior , Arudra , Athreya , Daasarathi , and C. Narayana Reddy . Traditional temple architecture is influenced by Dravidian and Vijayanagara styles. In Dravidian architecture for which Tirumala temple
798-866: A group of people named Andhras left North India off the banks of the Yamuna and settled in South India. The Satavahanas , the earliest kings who ruled this region were mentioned by the names Andhra , Andhrara-jateeya , and Andhrabhrtya in the Puranic literature . "Andhra" is both a tribal and territorial name. Excavated stone tools from Hanumanthunipadu in Prakasam district were dated to be 2.47 lakh (247,000) years old ( Middle Paleolithic ). This finding means that these tools were developed by archaic hominins (pre-humans) as such tools were thought to be used by modern man migrating out of Africa about 2.10 lakh (210,000) years ago. In
931-531: A major commercial town, development in Narayanpet was largely delayed due to administrative faults, political negligence and lack of interest from the leaders. Narayanpet trademark cotton and silk sarees, and famous line of jewellery shops sell high purity gold and silver ornaments. As of 2011 census , Narayanpet had a population of 41,752. The total population constitute, 20,697 males and 21,055 females—a sex ratio of 1017 females per 1000 males. 4,997 children are in
1064-690: A male. Alauddin Khalji , who obtained it from the Kakatiya dynasty , was murdered by his slave. Nader Shah , who looted the Koh-i-Noor from the Mughals and gave it its current name, was assassinated. Shuja Shah Durrani was overthrown by his predecessor and went into exile. Ranjit Singh died of a heart attack and when the diamond passed to the East India Company , it was passed on to Queen Victoria , after which it
1197-512: A prominent feature. They are topped by the kalasam , a bulbous stone finial . Vimanam are similar structures built over the garbhagriha or inner sanctum of the temple but are usually smaller than the gopurams. In the Vijayanagar style for which Lepakshi Veerabhadra temple is an example, the main temple is laid out in three parts, these are: The assembly hall known as the mukha mantapa ; arda mantapa or antarala (ante chamber); and
1330-455: A revenue of ₹7,345 crore from 2.574 million transactions for registration services. Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada, Guntur, and Tirupati are the top contributors to the revenue. The government's total expenditure was ₹1,91,594 crore, which includes debt repayment of ₹13,920 crore. The fiscal deficit was 2.1% of the GSDP. Outstanding debt was ₹3.89 lakh crore, an increase of almost ₹40,000 crore compared to
1463-519: A rise of 43.66% with a case count of 25,503 cases in Andhra Pradesh as per the National crime records bureau (NCRB) data. The state stood fifth in the country with 2,341 cybercrime cases. Andhra Pradesh High Court at Amaravati is headed by Chief justice with 37 judges. District judiciary is organised in a three-tier system with district courts at the top, civil (senior) and assistant sessions courts in
SECTION 10
#17330926135691596-425: A share of 35% in total sea food exports of India in 2022–23. The state has three agricultural export zones: the undivided Chittoor district for mango pulp and vegetables, the undivided Krishna district for mangoes, and the undivided Guntur district for chillies . Banaganapalle mangoes produced in the state were accorded GI status in 2017. Rythu Seva Kendras (RSK) or farmer facilitation centres are initiated by
1729-526: A share of 35% in total seafood exports of India. Sriharikota Range at the barrier island of Sriharikota in Tirupati district, is the primary satellite launching station of India. Amaravati School of Art , a major ancient Indian art style that influenced South Indian, Sri Lankan , and Southeast Asian art arose from this state. Kuchipudi , one of India's classical dances originated in the state. Several renowned Carnatic music composers trace their origins to
1862-539: A single fish of the Godavari Pulasa variety is most desired in Konaseema. Ariselu , Burelu , Laddu , and Pootharekulu are some of the sweets made for special festivals and occasions. Pootharekulu , a preparation of sugar and rice flour and Taandri , a mango-flavoured sun-dried fruit jelly are popular sweets originating from Athreyapuram in Konaseema. Kakinada Khaaja layered flour deep fried and dipped in sugar
1995-623: A trial after purchasing the Princie Diamond in an auction without its heir's consent. The matter was settled out of court. In the same year, jewels worth US$ 1.2 billion were stolen in a heist from the Green Vault in Dresden Castle , Germany; along with other treasures, the 49-carat rose cut Dresden White Diamond , which was made into an epaulette during the Seven Years' War of 1756 AD,
2128-557: A varied collection of ancient sculptures, paintings, idols, weapons, cutlery, inscriptions, and religious artefacts. The Amaravathi archaeological museum has a display of art traditions of Amaravathi and images of Buddha. Bapu museum in Vijayawada has historical galleries, stone cut writings, coins, swords, body armour, shields, arms, and ornamentation. Telugu Samskruthika Niketanam in Visakhapatnam displays historical artefacts of
2261-563: Is a form of rough diamond that is used to produce jewellery, was first developed in the Golconda region. Of the 38 diamond mines in India at the time, 23 were located in the Golconda Sultanate, of which Kollur Mine was prominent and employed 60,000 workers at one time. Most of these mines were fully active until 1830 but were gradually abandoned as they became either submerged by the backwaters of
2394-450: Is an example, the temples consisted of porches or mantapas preceding the door leading to the sanctum, gate-pyramids or gopurams in quadrangular enclosures that surround the temple, and pillared halls used for many purposes. Besides these, the temple usually has a tank called the Kalyani or pushkarni . The gopuram is a monumental tower, usually ornate at the entrance of the temple forms
2527-474: Is another popular sweetmeat. Bandar laddu , Tirupati Laddu are some of the food products with GI status. Nannayya , Tikkana , and Yerrapragada form the trinity who translated the Sanskrit epic Mahabharata into Telugu during 11–14 centuries. Nannayya wrote the first treatise on Telugu grammar, called Andhra Shabda Chintamani in Sanskrit. Pothana translated Bhagavatam into Telugu. Vemana
2660-512: Is celebrated at Bara Shaheed Dargah in Nellore with participation across religious lines. Christians celebrate their religious festivals Good Friday, Easter and Christmas with processions and prayers. There are a total of 175 assembly constituencies in the state legislative assembly. The legislative council is the upper house with 58 members. In the Indian parliament , the state has 25 seats in
2793-506: Is celebrated for four days in the second week of January. The first day of the Telugu new year Ugadi which occurs during March/April is also a special festival with the preparation and sharing of pickles ( pachhadi ) made from raw mangoes, neem flowers, pepper powder, jaggery and tamarind. Tasting this pickle which is a mix of different tastes teaches the importance of taking positive/negative life experiences in one's stride. Celebrations end with
SECTION 20
#17330926135692926-453: Is common in Andhra food. Curry leaves are used copiously in most preparations of curries and chutneys. Various types of Pappu are made using lentils in combination with tomatoes , spinach , gongura, ridge gourd , etc. Apart from curries, pulusu , a stew made using tamarind juice in combination with vegetables, seafood, chicken, mutton, etc., is popular. Pachchadi , a paste usually made with
3059-519: Is considered the greatest play in the Telugu language. The Telugu film industry (known as " Tollywood ") is primarily based in Hyderabad, though several films are shot in Vizag. About 300 films are produced annually, C. Pullaiah is cited as the father of the Telugu cinema. Film producer D. Ramanaidu holds a Guinness record for the most films produced by a person. Music composers and playback singers of
3192-528: Is from October to February. Low-pressure systems and tropical cyclones form in the Bay of Bengal along with the northeast monsoon during October to December, bringing rains to the southern and coastal regions of the state. The range of winter temperatures is generally 30 to 35 °C (86 to 95 °F) except in the northeast where it could fall below 15 °C (59 °F). Lambasingi in Visakhapatnam district
3325-536: Is further divided into 26 districts. These districts are made up of 76 revenue divisions , 679 mandals and 13,324 village panchayats as part of the administrative organisation. There are 123 urban local bodies , comprising 17 municipal corporations , 79 municipalities , and 27 nagar panchayats, in the state. The urban population is 14.9 million (1.49 crores) as per the 2011 census. There are two cities with more than one million inhabitants, namely Visakhapatnam and Vijayawada . For 2021–22, total receipts of
3458-499: Is nicknamed the "Kashmir of Andhra Pradesh" as its temperature ranges from 0 to 10 °C (32 to 50 °F). The normal rainfall for the state is 966 mm (38.0 in). Based on the 2011 Census of India , the population of Andhra Pradesh is 49,577,103, with a density of 304/km (790/sq mi). The rural population accounts for 70.53%, while the urban population accounts for 29.47%. The state has 17.08% scheduled caste (SC) and 5.53% scheduled tribe (ST) population. Children in
3591-596: Is rich in biodiversity and Gandikota gorge . Gandikota gorge is a canyon formed between the Erramala range of hills, through which the Penna (Pennar) river flows. Borra Caves , created millions of years ago by water activity and the country's second-longest cave system, the Belum Caves are in the state. The state has several beaches in its coastal districts, such as Rushikonda , Mypadu , Suryalanka . The total forest cover of
3724-913: Is tempered with mustard, curry leaves, peanuts and mixed with rice. It is offered even to the gods and then served as a prasadam (divine offering) in the temples to the devotees. Popular vegetarian curries include Dondakaya koora (ivy gourd cooked with coconut and green chilli) and Guttivankaya koora (stuffed brinjal curry). Thalakaya koora (lamb head gravy), Royyala koora (prawns cooked in tamarind), and Natukodi koora (freehold chicken curry with chillies) are popular non-vegetarian dishes across Guntur and surrounding regions. Yeta mamsam kobbari biryani (mutton cooked with coconut), Seema kodi (Rayalaseema-style chicken), Chennuru dum biryani , and Gongura mamsam (mutton cooked in sorrel gravy) are popular non-vegetarian dishes in Rayalaseema. Among fish preparations, Pulasa pulusu , thick aromatic and tangy gravy made from
3857-673: Is the state tree, jasmine is the state flower, rose ringed parakeet is the state bird, and blackbuck is the state mammal. The state, with its varied geological formations, contains a variety of industrial minerals and building stones. Major minerals found in significant quantities in the state include beach sand , bauxite , limestone , granite , and diamonds . Minor minerals include barytes , calcite , and mica . The largest reserves of uranium are in Tummalapalli village of YSR district. The state also has reserves of oil and natural gas . The climate varies considerably, depending on
3990-559: The Lok Sabha and 11 seats in the Rajya Sabha . In accordance with the Constitution of India , the governor is a state's de jure head and appoints the chief minister who has the de facto executive authority. Reddy, Kamma and Kapu communities cornered a share of 66% of seats in the 2019 election results. In the 2024 assembly elections , Reddy, Kamma and Kapu communities among
4123-489: The garbhagriha or the sanctum sanctorum. Sri Venkateswara institute of traditional sculpture and architecture, run by Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams offers diploma courses. Civic architecture which mainly featured courtyard structure to support joint family system and simple round houses is giving way to modern apartments. Kondapalli Toys , the soft limestone idol carvings of Durgi and Etikoppaka lacquered wooden toys are few handicrafts with GI status. Kuchipudi ,
Golconda diamonds - Misplaced Pages Continue
4256-469: The 2019 elections , Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy , leader of the YSR Congress Party , became the chief minister by winning 151 out of 175 seats. He introduced the 'village and ward volunteers' system, and reorganised the state with 26 districts. Introduction of English as the medium of instruction was done in almost all the state schools. The move to three capitals with Amaravati getting reduced to being
4389-525: The Godavari and Krishna river deltas and were famous for their military strength which was second only to Mauryans in all of India . Archaeological evidence from places such as Bhattiprolu , Amaravathi , and Dharanikota suggests that the Andhra region was part of the Mauryan empire . After the death of Emperor Ashoka , Mauryan rule weakened around 200 BCE and was replaced by several smaller kingdoms in
4522-484: The Hyderabad State with Hyderabad as the capital on 1 November 1956. Hyderabad grew rapidly partly through investments flowing in from agrarian change and 'green revolution' in coastal Andhra. In the unified state, Indian National Congress (INC) enjoyed a monopoly in ruling the state till 1983. After that Telugu Desam Party (TDP) led by N. T. Rama Rao (NTR) came to power and became another major party to rule
4655-522: The Krishna - Pennar river basin and Deccan Traps , and contains 120 out of the 150 kimberlite pipes in India. Though kimberlite and lamproite are the primary rock source, conglomerate and placers had yielded the majority of the region's diamonds. The Geological Survey of India has categorized kimberlite pipes of southern India into clusters Southern Wajrakarur kimberlite , Northern Narayanpet kimberlite , and Central Raichur kimberlite of these,
4788-601: The Napoleon Diamond Necklace , which became a sensation during the Great Depression (1929) when Archduke Leopold of Austria was imprisoned on larceny charges connected with the necklace sale. In 1980, a heist was executed at Sydney Town Hall , New South Wales, Australia, to steal the 95-carat yellow Golconda d'or diamond from an exhibition display. In 2019, the Al Thani Collection of Qatar faced
4921-614: The Pulichintala irrigation dam or became depleted. Diamond mining in the region gradually declined and finally officially closed. In 2015, the Centre of Exploration Geophysics of Osmania University and the Geological Survey of India (GSI) conducted research that identified three zones that contain 21 potential new diamond-mining sites near the delta of the Krishna and Bhima rivers, and in
5054-684: The Rigveda . Around 300 BCE, the Andhras living in the Godavari and Krishna river deltas were renowned for their formidable military strength—second only to the Maurya Empire in the subcontinent. The first major Andhra polity was the Satavahana dynasty (2nd century BCE–2nd century CE) which ruled over the entire Deccan Plateau and even distant areas of western and central India. They established trade relations with
5187-602: The Roman Empire . After that, the major rulers included the Vishnukundinas , Eastern Chalukyas , Kakatiyas , Vijayanagara Empire , Qutb Shahis , and the British Raj . After Indian independence, Andhra State was bifurcated from Madras state in 1953. It was merged with Telangana, comprising Telugu-speaking areas of the former Hyderabad state, to form Andhra Pradesh in 1956. It reverted to its earlier form on 2 June 2014, when
5320-620: The Timmasamudram kimberlite cluster —a part of Southern Wajrakarur kimberlite—is significant. Mediaeval records from Europe and the Middle East show India's importance as a source of high-quality diamonds . According to jewellery historian Jack Ogden , these records include those of Pliny the Elder , Marco Polo , Muhammed al-Idrisi , Ahmad al-Tifashi , and others from before the 12th century. The records state India produced diamonds with "which
5453-437: The first water , making them among history's most-celebrated diamonds. The phrase "Golconda diamond" became synonymous with diamonds of incomparable quality. For 2,000 years, Golconda diamonds were the only-known fine diamonds. Due to centuries of excessive mining, their production was exhausted by 1830, and gemologists and traders have classified Golconda diamonds as antique, rare and precious. Famous Golconda diamonds include
Golconda diamonds - Misplaced Pages Continue
5586-827: The tentative list of the UNESCO World Heritage committee . Following the defeat of the Vijayanagara Empire, the Qutb Shahi dynasty held sway over most of present-day general Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Later, this region came under the rule of the Mughal Empire. Chin Qilich Khan who was initially appointed as viceroy of Deccan by the Mughal in 1713, established himself as a semi-independent ruler as Nizam of Hyderabad . In 1765, British Lord Robert Clive obtained from
5719-535: The 16th to 18th centuries when 23 mines, of which Kollur Mine was the most active, operated in the region and 30,000 people at a time worked in one mine. The output from all of the mines in Golconda is estimated to be around 10,000,000 carats (2.0 t). In 2015, Osmania University in collaboration with Geological Survey of India discovered potential new sites for diamond mining in the region , though as of 2022 mining had not started. Several literary legends were inspired by Golconda diamonds; these include Sindbad
5852-705: The 17th century, mines in this region were the only source of diamonds on Earth. According to the records of 18th-and-19th-century geologists , researchers , and traders, the region south of the Kurnool district near the Krishna River valley in and around NTR district , Palnadu , and Guntur ; the Godavari delta in Rampachodavaram and Bhadrachalam; north-eastern Madhya Pradesh ; eastern Chhattisgarh ; western Jharkhand ; and north-western Odisha are possible historical sources of diamond. The best-known region among these
5985-520: The 19th century brought growth to the world economy, and the introduction of sophisticated cutting and polishing techniques led to a higher worldwide demand for diamonds. The popularity of Golconda diamonds has risen since the 1950s because of successful advertising campaigns by traders. They continue to be a popular gemstone in the 21st century. Golconda diamonds are the world's most magnificent diamonds. They are formed of pure carbon and have no nitrogen, and are rated high on grading standards, giving them
6118-460: The 3rd century CE. It had trade relations with the Roman Empire. The Satavahanas made Dhanyakataka-Amaravathi their capital. According to historian Stanley Wolpert , it might have been the most prosperous city in India in 2nd century CE. Nagarjuna , the philosopher of Mahayana , lived in this region. Mahayana spread to China, Japan, and Korea. It became the largest Buddhist denomination in
6251-410: The Andhra Pradesh government were ₹ 2.05 lakh crore (US$ 25 billion), inclusive of ₹ 53,284 crore (US$ 6.4 billion) of loans. States' tax revenue was ₹ 70,979 crore (US$ 8.5 billion). The top three sources of tax revenue are statedcrores goods and services tax (GST) (₹23,809 crore), sales tax/value added tax (VAT) (₹20,808 crores), and state excise (₹14,703 crores). The government earned
6384-404: The Andhra region between Godavari and Krishna rivers with their capital at Vengi (modern Pedavegi ) around 300 CE. Telugu Cholas ruled present-day Kadapa region from the six to the thirteenth centuries intermittently. Kallamalla sasanam (law), engraved in 575 CE during the rule of Dhanamjaya, is the earliest completely Telugu inscription. The Vishnukundinas was the first dynasty in
6517-512: The Andhra region. One of the earliest examples of the Brahmi script, from Bhattiprolu was used on an urn containing the relics of Buddha. This is considered as the rosetta stone for decipherment of Tamil Brahmi. Kadamba script, derived from Bhattiprolu Brahmi later led to the evolution of Telugu and Kannada scripts. The Satavahana dynasty dominated the Deccan Plateau from the 1st century BCE to
6650-509: The Bay of Bengal, with variable width. These are, for the most part, delta regions formed by the Krishna , Godavari , and Penna rivers. The state has five different soil types with the majority soil types being red lateritic and black soil types. Most of the coastal plains are put to intensive agricultural use. The Kadapa basin, formed by two arching branches of the Eastern ghats, is a mineral-rich area. The valleys include Araku Valley , which
6783-632: The British raj, that irrigated lacs of acres across coastal districts. Buckingham Canal built during 1806–1878, running parallel to the Coramandal coast from Kakinada to Marakkanam in Tamil Nadu served as a major water transportation route for goods till the 1960s. Telegraph service initiated in 1850 served for over 160 years till it was stopped on 15 July 2013 citing poor patronage due to advances in mobile communications and short message service. Charles Philip Brown did pioneering work in transforming Telugu to
SECTION 50
#17330926135696916-642: The Cumbum tank, Mopad tank, and Koregal anicut, Vallabhapur anicut across the Tungabhadra River. The empire's patronage enabled fine arts and literature to reach new heights in Kannada, Telugu, Tamil, and Sanskrit, while Carnatic music evolved into its current form. The Lepakshi group of monuments built during this period have mural paintings of the Vijayanagara kings, Dravidian art, and inscriptions. These are put on
7049-807: The French Crown Jewels were stolen from the Garde Meuble (Royal Treasury); although most of the jewels were traced, the thieves sold the Sancy and Regent Diamonds, and the Royal French Blue Diamond was cut and renamed the Hope Diamond. The thief returned the Mazarin Diamond in exchange for a pardon and the diamond was restored to the French crown. In 1811, Napoleon Bonaparte gifted his wife Marie Louise
7182-484: The GSDP is at 36.19%, while industry is at 23.36%, and services are at 40.45%. The state posted a record growth of 7.02% at constant prices (2011–12) against the country's growth of 7%. GDP per capita is estimated at ₹ 219,518 (US$ 2,600). The sectoral growth rates at constant 2011–12 prices were for agriculture at 4.54%; industry at 5.66 and services at 10.05%. Poverty rate is reduced to 4.2% in 2023 from 11.77% in 2015–16 as per Niti Ayog report. The methodology, based on
7315-518: The Godavari and Krishna rivers support rich mangrove forests with fishing cats and otters as keystone species . Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary is an example of mangrove forests and salt-tolerant forest ecosystems near the sea. The area of these forests is 582 km (225 sq mi), accounting for about 9% of the local forest area of the state. Other sanctuaries include Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve , Kolleru Bird Sanctuary , and Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary . Neem (Azadirachta indica)
7448-461: The Godavari, Krishna, Penna, and Tungabhadra , flow through the state and provide irrigation. The population engaged in agriculture and related activities as per 2020–21 fiscal data is 62.17%. Rice is the state's major food crop and staple food. Besides rice, farmers grow jowar , bajra , maize , many varieties of pulses , sugarcane , cotton , tobacco , fruits, and vegetables. The state contributed to 30% of fish production of India and it had
7581-454: The Golconda region, and were reserved for emperors and rulers. Sometimes, diamonds were considered to have supernatural powers, and were worn as amulets and talismans. The Shah Jahan Diamond , which is currently part of Al Saba Collection , was once an amulet of Mughal emperors . Diamonds were treasured as gemstones, and were believed to be a gift from God to humanity, and owning them was a sign of supremacy. Golconda diamonds were popularized in
7714-433: The Golconda region, the diamond valley was replete with venomous snakes, making obtaining the diamonds dangerous. The diamond traders took a herd of cattle to the hilltop near the valley. After slaughtering the cattle, they catapulted cow flesh towards the diamond valley; the flesh became stuck to the diamonds, which were picked up by eagles and vultures that carried the cow flesh to their nests to eat. The stones remained after
7847-564: The Golconda rulers learned about the demand for Golconda diamonds in Europe, they seized all of the mines and temporarily halted mining to increase the price, which then doubled. In 1627, high prices led Dutch traders to stop purchasing, and the British East India Company brought investments and purchased the diamonds. The company's monopoly continued alongside indigenous traders such as Mir Jumla II, Virji Vora , and Kasi Veranna until
7980-469: The Middle East and the Western world by mediaeval and modern-period travellers and traders such as Niccolò de' Conti, Muhammad al-Idrisi , Marco Polo, and Jean-Baptiste Tavernier. Diamonds from India—most of which were Golconda diamonds—were used to decorate the crowns, coronets and sceptres of every nation; it was considered a point of pride by any ruler to own a Golconda diamond. The Industrial Revolution in
8113-420: The Mughal emperor Shah Alam II a grant of four circars to the British East India Company, that was formalised in 1978 treaty with Nizam Ali, the 5th Nizam of Hyderabad state with addition of another circar. Later, four territories were ceded to the British by Nizam Ali in 1800, which eventually became the Rayalaseema region. Meanwhile, in the present day North Andhra, Raja Viziaram Raz (Vijayaram Raj) established
SECTION 60
#17330926135698246-465: The Sailor 's valley of diamonds, the gem lore of Marco Polo , and the theme of Russell Conwell 's inspirational lecture " Acres of Diamonds ". According to folklore, some Golconda diamonds are cursed; these impart good luck to their owners or have mystical powers while others were worn as talismans . In 2013, the Princie Diamond from the Jewels of the Nizams was auctioned for US$ 39.3 million—the highest-recorded auction price for Golconda Diamonds and
8379-468: The Sailor 's voyages, which were written during the reign of the Abbasid Caliph Harun al-Rashid (786–809 CE), describe the Valley of the Diamonds that is part of the folk tales collection One Thousand and One Nights ( Arabian Nights , Alf Laila Wa Laila , or Alif Laila ). These regional descriptions have the same features of Deccan in general and the Golconda region in particular. These names are difficult to link to modern geographic names. Until
8512-531: The Telangana state, despite opposition by the state legislature. The new state of Telangana came into existence on 2 June 2014 after approval from the president of India , with the residual state continuing as Andhra Pradesh. TDP formed the first government of the residual state with Chandrababu Naidu as chief minister. In 2017, the government of Andhra Pradesh began operating from its new greenfield capital, Amaravati , for which 33,000 acres were acquired from farmers through an innovative land pooling scheme. In
8645-412: The absence of fossil evidence, it became a riddle to understand what happened to them. The discovery of petroglyphs, pictographs, and dolmens in Chakrala Bodu, near Boyalapalli village in the Yerragondapalem mandal area of Prakasam district indicates the presence of Neolithic-age human settlements in the region. Megasthenes reported in his Indica ( c. 310 BCE ) that Andhras were living in
8778-423: The age group of 0–6 years number 5,222,384, constituting 10.6% of the total population. The state has a sex ratio of 997 females per 1000 males, higher than the national average of 926 per 1000. The literacy rate in the state stands at 67.35%. Erstwhile West Godavari district has the highest literacy rate of 74.32%, and erstwhile Vizianagaram district has the lowest with 58.89%. Human Development Index (HDI) of
8911-436: The age group of 0–6 years, of which 2,642 are boys and 2,355 are girls. The average literacy rate stands at 72.18% with 26,531 literates, significantly higher than the state average of 55.04%. Narayanpet Municipality was constituted in 1937 and is classified as a 2nd grade municipality with 24 election wards. The nearest railway station is Saidapur Railway Station (Formerly Narayanpet Road).TSRTC NARAYANPET(NRPT)Bus depot in
9044-404: The beds of the Krishna, Tungabhadra and Penna rivers. According to the research, the sites contain volcanic pipes that probably bear kimberlite and possibly diamonds. According to Outlook India , in 2022, some companies applied for mining rights in the region of Andhra Pradesh, soon after the National Geophysical Research Institute (NGRI) discovered diamond deposits in the seven districts of
9177-411: The birds consumed the flesh, allowing the stones to be tracked and collected by the local merchants' workers. According to Jean R. Brink, who wrote Renaissance Culture in Context: Theory and Practice (2017), this legend is repeated in many mediaeval Arabic and Chinese literary works. It was also repeated by Marco Polo, who visited the region's capital Warangal but did not visit the mining sites. Being
9310-422: The centre's draft bill. The Commission on Inclusive and Sustainable Agricultural Development of Andhra Pradesh, chaired by Prof. R. Radhakrishna, estimated the number of tenant farmers at 24.25 lakh in 2014. This consists of 6.29 lakh landless tenants and the rest owning some land. Out of 60.73 lakh hectares under cultivation, 27.15 lakh hectares or 44% was cultivated by tenants. Departmental estimates for 2021 put
9443-413: The colourless Koh-i-Noor , the Nassak Diamond , the blue Hope Diamond , the Idol's Eye , the pink Daria-i-Noor , the white Regent Diamond , the Dresden Green Diamond , and the colourless Orlov Diamond , as well as now-untraceable diamonds such as the yellow Florentine Diamond , the Akbar Shah , the Nizam Diamond , and the Great Mogul Diamond . The Golconda diamond industry was at its peak from
9576-463: The country. Telugu , one of India's classical languages , is the primary official language and the most widely spoken language in state and as well as in South India . Amaravati is the state capital, while the largest city is Visakhapatnam . The state shares borders with Odisha to the northeast, Chhattisgarh to the north, Telangana to the northwest, Karnataka to the southwest, Tamil Nadu to
9709-460: The cultural dance recognised as the official dance form of the state of Andhra Pradesh, originated in the village of Kuchipudi in Krishna district. Several renowned composers of Carnatic music like Annamacharya , Kshetrayya , Tyagaraja , and Bhadrachala Ramadas hailed from the state. Sannai and Dolu are common musical instruments of marriages, household, and temple functions in the state. Harikathaa Kalakshepam (or Harikatha ) involves
9842-404: The diamond mines of the Golconda region are now depleted and inactive. Later discoveries of diamond deposits in regions such as Brazil post-1730, Australia post-1851, and Africa post-1866 provided significant supplies of diamonds, although their clarity generally does not match that of Golconda diamonds. For these reasons, Golconda diamonds remain among the world's most-celebrated diamonds. Some of
9975-474: The diamond so he contacted the captain of a British ship. The slave and the captain agreed to share equally in the proceeds from the diamond's sale in exchange for safe passage. Later, the captain stole the diamond, killed the slave, and sold the diamond to an Indian merchant named Jamchand. Jamchand supposedly sold it to Thomas Pitt , who in turn sold it to Philippe d'Orléans . According to pervasive folklore narrated by Marco Polo about his 13th-century visits to
10108-488: The diamond to decorate the French crown; all of the French rulers from Louis XIV to Napoleon III have worn it. After France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War (1870), the diamond, along with other French Crown Jewels, was sold to settle the losses. Frederic Boucheron , a jewellery-house owner, purchased it. According to a popular legend, the Koh-i-Noor should only be possessed by a female and will bring bad luck to
10241-503: The early 14th century. Reddy kings constructed Kondaveedu Fort and Kondapalli Fort . Gajpathis ruled parts of this region, before the entire region became part of the Vijayanagara Empire during the reign of Krishnadevaraya . Pemmasani Nayaks controlled parts of Andhra Pradesh and had large mercenary armies that were the vanguard of the empire in the 16th century. Several tanks and anicuts were built. Some of these include
10374-629: The early 1600s, some Dutch miners of the Dutch East India Company were granted mining rights. The 17th-century French explorer Jean-Baptiste Tavernier reported he was "permitted to examine" the egg-shaped Great Moghul diamond, which is now lost and said to have been cut into smaller diamonds. He reported having seen a flat diamond called the Great Table diamond in Golconda. Jean de Thévenot , François Bernier or Antoine Destremau were French traders in Golconda diamonds. In 1621 and 1622, when
10507-464: The effort to expand their economic opportunities in the state. When the union cabinet decided to consider the formation of Telangana state in 2009 heeding to the demand of relaunched Telangana movement , Samaikyandhra Movement opposing it took shape and the state went through a turmoil. Finally, the Andhra Pradesh reorganisation act bill was passed by the parliament of India for the formation of
10640-496: The fifth and sixth centuries to hold sway over South India. Undavalli Caves is an example of Indian rock-cut architecture of that time. The Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi, whose dynasty lasted for around five hundred years from the 7th century until 1130 CE, eventually merged with the Chola dynasty . They continued to rule under the protection of the Chola dynasty until 1189 CE. At
10773-402: The forward classes got more allocation than OBC in the unreserved category by major political parties or alliances. TDP-led National Democratic Alliance with Jana Sena Party and Bharatiya Janata Party emerged victorious defeating the incumbent YSRCP led by Jagan. It won 164 seats, while YSRCP got 11, a big drop from 151 it held. N. Chandrababu Naidu became the chief minister of the state for
10906-493: The fourth time. According to an opinion by Ayesha Minhaz in The Hindu daily, several factors including the prevailing anti-incumbency against the previous government and the alliance's promise of "Welfare with wealth generation" contributed to the success of TDP-led alliance. Andhra Pradesh police are structured in district, subdivision, circle, and police station hierarchy. In the year 2022, crimes against women and children saw
11039-581: The gems were engraved". Ancient texts of Buddhists , Hindus , and Jains such as the Arthashastra (2nd century BCE – 4th century CE), the Ratna Pariksha , and the Puranas refer to cities and regions of India that produced diamonds. Roman historian Pliny the Elder (23–79 CE) in his encyclopedia described the demand and fondness of Roman imperial women for the diamonds of South India. The tales of Sinbad
11172-400: The geographical region. Summers last from March to June. In the coastal plain, the summer temperatures are generally higher than in the rest of the state, with temperatures exceeding 35 °C (95 °F). The minimum temperature during summer is about 20 °C (68 °F) in the far southwest. July to September is the season for tropical rains from the southwest monsoon . The winter season
11305-530: The global multidimensional poverty index uses 10 indicators, covering three areas health, education, and standard of living and additionally maternal health and bank accounts. Unemployment rate of people with graduation in Andhra Pradesh is estimated at 24% as per periodic labour force survey of July 2022 to June 2023, the third highest in the country. The number for the whole of India is at 13.4%. The agricultural economy comprises agriculture, livestock, poultry farming, and fisheries. Four important rivers in India,
11438-455: The government in 2020 to serve as a hassle-free, one-stop solution for the requirements of farmers from seed-to-sale. Banking services through banking correspondent are also integrated. As of 2023, 10,778 RSKs are functioning. AP land titling act 2023 was brought in to change from presumptive land ownership system based on possession, registration or inheritance documents to conclusive land ownership system, with government standing as surety for
11571-556: The interests of the Telugu-speaking people of Madras State , Potti Sreeramulu fasted to death in 1952. The Telugu-speaking area of Andhra State was carved out of Madras state on 1 October 1953, with Kurnool as its capital city. On the basis of the Gentlemen's Agreement of 1956 , the States reorganisation act created Andhra Pradesh by merging the neighbouring Telugu-speaking areas of
11704-535: The legislative capital, Vizag as the executive capital and Kurnool as the judicial capital was stuck down by the High Court. His government appealed to the Supreme Court. Andhra Pradesh is the seventh-largest state with an area of 162,970 km (62,920 sq mi). Politically, the state shares borders with Orissa to the northeast, Chhattisgarh to the north, Karnataka to the southwest, Tamil Nadu to
11837-477: The middle and civil (junior) and judicial first-class magistrate courts at the lower level. Apart from these, there are special courts such as family, CBI, ACB, Land reforms appellate tribunals, and industrial tribunals. Andhra Pradesh comprises two regions, namely Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema from a historical perspective. The northern part of Coastal Andhra is sometimes mentioned separately as North Andhra , to raise voice against underdevelopment. The state
11970-401: The mines became depleted in the 1830s. Most of the impoverished governments and princely rulers were removed from power, forcing them sell their jewels—including Golconda diamonds—which were later auctioned. Due to their royal lineage, mystical tales, and advertising campaigns by companies, Golconda diamonds became the global status reference. Historically, diamonds of high quality were mined in
12103-487: The modern Telugu poets. Palagummi Padmaraju's short story Galivaana won second prize in World Short Story competition in 1952. Rachakonda Viswanadha Sastry initiated a new trend by focussing on the downtrodden in his novel Raju-Mahishi. Women writers such as Malati Chandur and Ranganayakamma dominated novels in the 1950s and 1960s. However, in the late 1970s, Yandamuri Veerendranath started writing popular novels with
12236-404: The narration of a story, intermingled with various songs relating to the story. Burra katha is an oral storytelling technique in which the topic is either a Hindu mythological story or a contemporary social issue. Drama is an Indian theatre art form that is still popular. Gurajada Apparao wrote the play Kanyasulkam in spoken dialect for the first time. It was first presented in 1892. It
12369-640: The navel is considered as the source of life and creativity. Women wear colourful silk saris on special occasions such as marriages. Young girls Traditional wear of young girls is a half-saree with blouse. The shift to wearing western clothing of pant and shirt has become common for boys and men, while women also wear salwar kameez in addition to saris. Dharmavaram textiles , Machilipatnam , and Srikalahasti Kalamkari handicrafts are few examples in clothes category with GI status. Andhra meals are combinations of spicy, tangy, and sweet flavours. The use of chillies, tamarind, and gongura (leaves of roselle)
12502-472: The new state of Telangana was formed through bifurcation. The Eastern Ghats separate coastal plains and peneplains . Krishna , Godavari , and Penna are the major rivers. The state has about one-third of India's limestone reserves, large deposits of baryte and granite . The population engaged in agriculture and related activities is 62.17%. Rice is the state's major food crop and staple food. The state contributes to 30% of fish production in India and has
12635-510: The notable Golconda diamonds are: The world's top-four pink diamonds are from Golconda. Cardinal Mazarin was an influential Chief minister of France during the reign of Louis XIII and Louis XIV ; Mazarin, a connoisseur of jewels, sponsored Jean Baptiste Tavernier's journey to India to collect diamonds; among his collection is the 19.07-carat, light-pink Le Grand Mazarin Diamond , which he always kept close to him. In his will, Mazarin bequeathed
12768-520: The number of tenant farmers at about 16 lakh. To identify and serve the needs of tenants, the Crop Cultivator Rights Act (CCRA) of 2019 was brought out. Only 26% of tenants obtained the CCRA or loan eligibility cards as per 2022 data. Narayanpet Narayanpet is a town, & district headquarters of Narayanpet district of the Indian state of Telangana . It is located 165 km from
12901-413: The ownership. Lands in 6000 villages were surveyed with drones and land title certificates were issued to owners, with georeferencing of their land parcels. The benefits of the act include a reduction in land disputes and easier acquisition of lands for public requirements. The newly formed TDP led NDA alliance government decided to repeal the act citing the scope for misuse of authority and deviation from
13034-702: The popular Hindu religious pilgrim destinations include Tirumala Venkateswara temple at Tirupati, Mallikarjuna temple at Srisailam, Kanaka Durga Temple at Vijayawada, and Varaha Lakshmi Narasimha temple at Simhachalam. Buddhist sites at Amaravati and Nagarjuna Konda are also popular. For the state of Andhra Pradesh, there are 59 entries in the SC category, 34 entries in the ST category, and 104 entries in other backward classes (OBC) category. Arya Vaishya, Brahmin, Kamma, Kapu, Kshatriya, Reddy, Velama communities constitute forward castes. Andhra Pradesh has 32 museums featuring
13167-578: The population. Tamil , Kannada , and Odia are spoken in the border areas. Lambadi and several other languages are spoken by the scheduled tribes of the state. 19% of the population aged 12+ years can read and understand English, as per the Indian readership survey for Q4 2019. Religion in Andhra Pradesh According to the 2011 census, the major religious groups in the state are Hindus (90.89%), Muslims (7.30%), and Christians (1.38%). Some of
13300-548: The pre-independence era. The Archaeological Survey of India identified 135 centrally protected monuments in the state of Andhra Pradesh. These include the reconstructed monuments at Anupu and Nagarjunakonda . The state has 17 geographical indication (GI) registrations in the categories of agriculture, handicrafts , foodstuffs , and textiles as per the Geographical indications of goods (Registration and protection) act, 1999 . The men's traditional wear consists of Panche ,
13433-474: The present day Andhra Pradesh came under British East India Company rule as part of Madras Presidency . After the Indian Rebellion of 1857 , the region became part of British crown till India became independent in 1947. Anicut at Dowleswaram built in 1850 by Arthur Cotton and several others at Vijayawada, Nellore, Sangam, Sunkesula, and Polampalli are examples of irrigation facilities built during
13566-495: The previous year. This accounts for 32.4 per cent of the GSDP, which is more than the usual limit of 25% as per the Fiscal Responsibility Budget Management Actthe and Budget Management ActActstated crores. The outstanding guarantee estimate was ₹1,38,875 crore, of which power sector accounts for ₹38,473 crore equal to 12% of GDP. Out of the audited total expenditure of ₹1,77,674 crore of the state in
13699-423: The print era and introduced Vemana poems to English readers. Kandukuri Veeresalingam is considered the father of the Telugu renaissance movement, as he encouraged the education of women and lower caste people. He fought against Brahmin marriage customs such as child marriage, the bride price system, and the prohibition of widow remarriage. To gain an independent state based on linguistic identity and to protect
13832-406: The rare Type IIa designation—(Type IIa count less than two percent of the world's natural diamonds.). They are large and naturally occur in many colours but most of them are known for their colourless clarity and material properties . Some are popular for their colours, for which they are characterized as Diamonds of First water . Although Golconda diamonds are known for their size and clarity,
13965-444: The recitation of the coming year's astrological predictions called Panchanga sravanam . Vijaya Dasami known commonly as Dussera and Deepavali , the festival of lights are other major Hindu festivals. Shivaratri is celebrated at Kotappakonda , with people from nearby villages preparing 80–100 ft height frames called prabhalu and taking it in a procession to the shine. Eid is celebrated with special prayers. Rottela Panduga
14098-502: The region during the 1900s. Business flourished during the Lokapally establishment. Major goods traded in Narayanpet were food grains, silk and cotton sarees, gold and silver ornaments, red bricks, black wool and other articles. Narayanpet was also a Suba (greater administrative district) in Nizam period. Narayanpet also got its municipality first in the former Mahaboobnagar district. Despite being
14231-585: The region was controlled by the Golconda Sultanate and the Nizams of Hyderabad . The mines were leased under the supervision of regional governors, of whom prominent 17th-century diamond trader Mir Jumla became the Grand vizier (Prime Minister) of the Golconda Sultanate. He established a network of diamond merchants in Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and Asia—up to China and the Malay Archipelago . Shantidas Jhaveri
14364-573: The request of King Rajaraja Narendra , Nannaya , considered the first Telugu poet, took up the translation of the Mahabharata into Telugu in 1025 CE. Kakatiyas ruled this region and Telangana for nearly two hundred years between the 12th and 14th centuries. They were defeated by the Delhi Sultanate . Bahamani sultanate took over when Delhi sultanate became weak. Around the same time, Musunuris and Reddi Kingdom ruled parts of this region in
14497-451: The sea route to India and the 16th-century Golconda Sultanate's new port at Machilipatnam increased the production and trade of Golconda diamonds. The emergence of demand for Golconda diamonds led to the exploration and discoveries of mines in the region that produced brilliant diamonds. In the 17th century, under the Golconda Sultanate, when new mines were discovered and leased to the miners, an agreement called "Qaul" would be signed under
14630-636: The south and extreme north of the coast. Some of these consist of the Horsley Hills , the Seshachala Hills, the Nallamala Hills , and the Papi Hills. Arma Konda , located in Visakhapatnam district, is the highest peak in the state. Peneplains, part of Rayalaseema, slope towards the east. The Eastern Coastal Plains comprise the area of coastal districts up to the Eastern ghats as their border along
14763-508: The south and the Bay of Bengal to the east. It has the second-longest coastline in India at about 974 km (605 mi). Archaeological evidence suggests that Andhra Pradesh has had continuous human presence for over 247,000 years, ranging from early archaic hominins to Neolithic settlements. The earliest mention of the Andhras occurs in Aitareya Brahmana ( c. 800 BCE ) of
14896-510: The south, Telangana to northwest and the Bay of Bengal to the east. Yanam district , an enclave of Puducherry , is in the state bordering Kakinada district . It has a coastline of around 974 kilometres (605 mi), which makes it the second-longest coastline in the nation. The Eastern Ghats are a major dividing line separating coastal plains and peneplains in the state's geography. These are discontinuous, and individual sections have local names. The ghats become more pronounced towards
15029-475: The state capital Hyderabad and 62 km from Mahabubnagar . Narayanpet is the city famous for Silk and cotton Sarees. Narayanpet Sarees has unique style of sarees and biggest market in Telangana after Gadwal and Pochampally Sarees. Narayanpet is also hub for Gold merchants and the people visit to this town for shopping the gold ornaments due to quality and good services. Naraynpet was a major economic town in
15162-412: The state for the year 2022 is 0.642. As of 1 January 2023 , there are 39,984,868 voters including 3,924 third-gender voters. Kurnool district has the maximum number of voters at 1,942,233, while Alluri Sitharama Raju district has the minimum at 729,085. Telugu is the first official language, and Urdu is the second official language of the state. Telugu is the mother tongue of nearly 90% of
15295-463: The state include Ghantasala , S. P. Balasubrahmanyam , P. Susheela , S. Janaki , and P. B. Sreenivas . "Naatu Naatu" from the film RRR became the first song from an Asian film to win the Academy Award for Best Original Song in 2023. Efforts are on to make Vizag as the hub of film industry by offering incentives. Sankranti is the major harvest festival celebrated across the state. It
15428-842: The state is 29,784.3 square kilometres (11,499.8 sq mi), amounting to 18.28% of the total area. The Eastern ghats region is home to dense tropical forests, while the vegetation becomes sparse as the ghats give way to the peneplains, where shrub vegetation is more common. The vegetation found in the state is largely of dry deciduous types, with a mixture of teak , and genera of Terminalia , Dalbergia , Pterocarpus , etc. The state possesses some rare and endemic plants like Cycas beddomei , Pterocarpus santalinus , Terminalia pallida , Syzygium alternifolium , Shorea tumburgia etc. The state has 3 national parks and 13 wildlife sanctuaries as of 2019 . The diversity of fauna includes tigers , leopards , cheetals , sambars , sea turtles , and several birds and reptiles. The estuaries of
15561-423: The state. Nagarjuna Sagar Dam commissioned in 1967, Srisailam hydro electric project commissioned in 1982 are few examples of irrigation and electricity projects. The increased presence of women, Dalits, and tribals in the social and political spheres of the state, driven by social movements, led to a rise in violence against these groups. Securing access to resources like land remains an unachieved objective in
15694-428: The state. The Golconda region was a major trading centre and the source of the world's most-famous diamonds. Until the end of the 19th century, it was the primary source of the finest and largest diamonds in the world, making the name "Golconda diamond" synonymous with high-quality diamonds. It has been estimated the Golconda region traded around 10 million carats of diamonds. A unit of measurement for Golconda diamonds
15827-473: The state. The state is home to a variety of pilgrimage centres and natural attractions such as Tirumala Venkateswara temple near Tirupati , and Araku valley . Tirupati Laddu , Banganapalle mangoes , Kondapalli Toys , Dharmavaram sarees , and Pootharekulu are few products produced in the state with geographical indication registration. According to the Sanskrit text Aitareya Brahmana (800–500 BCE ),
15960-532: The supervision of regional governors, according to which, for employing 100 workers, miners would pay four pagodas per day, and monthly rent was based on the strength of the workers on the mining site. Provisions were supplied only by the governor with 50 percent extra excise duty. Large diamonds from the site were exclusively reserved for the rulers and to be sold with concessions. Bania and Khatri castes—merchant and trading communities in India—held most of mines. In
16093-446: The trend of increasing levels of revenue expenditure coupled with a low level of capital spend will adversely impact infrastructure development, development, aggregate demand, employment generation, and revenue generation in the long run. Gross state domestic product (GSDP/GDP) at current prices for the year 2022–23 is estimated at ₹ 1,317,728 crore (US$ 160 billion) (advanced estimates). The share of agriculture's contribution to
16226-530: The world record for US$ 1.1 million per carat . In a heist in 2019 , the Dresden White Diamond was stolen along with jewels worth US$ 1.2 billion. The Golconda diamondiferous region is located in the Southern Indian peninsular shield , which was formed during the process of proterozoic and Insular India . The region is spread over 50,000 km (19,000 sq mi), within the sediments of
16359-530: The world's most-famous, large, and valuable stones with interesting histories, Golconda diamonds attract envy and fascination, for which many controversies, robberies, and scandals have occurred. The Affair of the Diamond Necklace (1784–1786) was about a 2,800-carat necklace containing 647 gems. The incident brought ignominy to Queen Marie Antoinette and later instigated the French Revolution . In 1792,
16492-453: The world. Amaravati School of Art is regarded as one of the three major styles of ancient Indian art and had a great influence on art in South India, Sri Lanka, and Southeast Asia. The Andhra Ikshvakus , with their capital at Vijayapuri , succeeded the Satavahanas in the Krishna River valley in the latter half of the 2nd century CE. The Salankayanas were an ancient dynasty that ruled
16625-468: The year 2021–22, social services accounted for 42.65% and capital expenditure 9.21%. When compared to 2020–21, the capital expenditure decreased by 14 per cent. Of the total expenditure, major components of the social services breakdown are as follows. The social welfare category accounted for 16%, education, sport, arts and culture had a share of 15% and health and family welfare had a share of 6.3%. Comptroller and Auditor general in its 2023 report warned that
16758-407: Was an Indian philosopher who wrote Telugu poems using simple language and native idioms on a variety of subjects including yoga , wisdom, and morality. Potuluri Veerabrahmendhra swami , a clairvoyant and social reformer of 17th century, wrote Kalagnanam , a book of predictions. Telugu literature after Kandukuri Veeresalingam is termed Adhunika Telugu Sahityam (modern Telugu literature). He
16891-511: Was another 17th-century diamond trader. Golconda diamonds were mined from alluvial soils alongside river beds. Mines were usually up to 4 fathoms (7.3 m; 24 ft) deep. When mining reached groundwater , digging was halted. Stony substances were then collected for assortment and examined for diamonds. Raw diamonds from the mines were typically transported to Golconda—now the western part of Hyderabad —) for skilled lapidary, enhancement, further evaluation, and sale. The art of macle , which
17024-456: Was historically known as Telingana or Tilling , and was renamed Golconda during the Deccan sultanates period and generally known as the Godavari delta. As European travellers and traders increasingly engaged in trading with producers of this region , the region's diamonds came to be referred to as "Golconda diamonds". The peak period of Golconda diamond mining was the 16th-to-18th centuries, when
17157-516: Was later imprisoned and tortured. An article entitled " Hope Diamond Has Brought Trouble To All Who Have Owned It " appeared in The Washington Post in 1908. According to legend, the Regent Diamond was discovered between 1698 and 1701 at Kollur Mine. A slave worker who found the diamond smuggled it out by hiding it deep inside a self-inflicted cut. The slave wanted to escape from India with
17290-400: Was stolen. The diamond belonged to 18th-century ruler Frederick Augustus I of Saxony . Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh ( / ˌ ɑː n d r ə p r ə ˈ d eɪ ʃ / ; ISO : Āndhra Pradēś ; Telugu: [aːndʱrɐ prɐdeːʃ] abbr. AP ) is a state on the east coast of southern India . It is the seventh-largest state and the tenth-most populous in
17423-762: Was successively mounted in the crowns of Queen Alexandra , Queen Mary , and Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother . The latter crown, along with the other Crown Jewels , is on public display in the Jewel House at the Tower of London . Accounts of ill fortune and curses are also associated with the Hope Diamond; Tavernier, who took the stone to Paris, was "torn to pieces by wild dogs" in Constantinople . Louis XIV gave it to Madame de Montespan , whom later he abandoned. Sultan Hamid of Turkey gave it to Abu Sabir to "polish" but Sabir
17556-559: Was the Ratti ( 7 ⁄ 8 of a carat ), and the most-common currency was the Golconda Pagoda , which was also called Hun. Golconda had been trading diamonds with European kingdoms since at least the days of Marco Polo (1254–1324). During the 1420s, Niccolò de' Conti , a prominent Italian traveller and merchant who lived in India, had a detailed account of diamond valleys in the Golconda region. The 15th-century Portuguese discovery of
17689-831: Was the author of the first Telugu social novel Rajasekhara Charitram , published in 1880. The use of colloquial idiom rather than grandhik (classical) in literature, championed by Gurajada Apparao and Gidugu Ramamurthy Panthulu led to increased literacy. Various forms of literature such as poetry, novel, short story were vibrant as indicated by the responses to national and international developments in various spheres of human life. The modern Telugu poetry, which began around 1900 developed into three forms – Bhava kavitvam (lyrical poetry), Abhyudaya kavitvam (progressive poetry), and new experimental poetry, including Viplava kavitvam (revolutionary poetry). Gurajada Apparao, Rayaprolu Subbarao , Gurram Jashuva , Viswanatha Satyanarayana , Devulapalli Krishnasastri , and Sri Sri were some of
#568431