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26-548: Gmina Jasienica is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Bielsko County , Silesian Voivodeship , in southern Poland , in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia . Its seat is the village of Jasienica . The gmina covers an area of 91.714 square kilometres (35.4 sq mi), and as of 2019 its total population is 24,264. Gmina Jasienica is bordered by the gminas of Bielsko-Biała , Brenna , Chybie , Czechowice-Dziedzice , Jaworze and Skoczów . Gmina Jasienica

52-463: A gubernator . In Poland , a starosta administered crown territory or a district called a starostwo . In the early Middle Ages, a starosta could head a settled urban or rural community or other community, as in the case of a church starosta or an artel starosta. A starosta also functioned as a master of ceremonies . In the Czech Republic and Slovakia starosta is the title of

78-520: A mayor of a town or village. Mayors of major cities use the title primátor . The term corresponds to the Austrian or German Bürgermeister . Historically, the title "Starost" was also used in parts of the Holy Roman Empire . The German word Starostei referred to the office or crown land district of a Starost. In German, the title starost/starosta is also translated as Hauptmann and analogous to

104-684: A mayor-council government . The legislative and oversight body of each gmina is the elected municipal council ( rada gminy ), in an urban-rural gmina called the town and gmina council ( rada miasta i gminy ), while in an urban gmina it is called the town/city council ( rada miasta ). Any local laws considered non-compliant with the national ones may be invalidated by the respective voivode , whose rulings may be appealed to an administrative court. Decisions in individual cases may in turn be appealed to quasi-judicial bodies named local government boards of appeal  [ pl ] , their ruling subject to appeal to an administrative court. Executive power

130-400: A starosta , while the city council has the powers and duties of a powiat (county) council; both nevertheless being elected under the municipal election rules rather than those applicable to county elections. A recall referendum may be triggered either in respect to the wójt/town mayor/city mayor or to the municipal council through a petition supported by at least 1/10 of eligible voters, but

156-490: A city exercises also powers and duties of a powiat while not belonging to any; nevertheless, it may still be a seat of a regular powiat, albeit without belonging to it administratively (such powiat thus being often "doughnut-shaped"). In such cities, the roles of the powiat organs are fulfilled by the ones of the urban gmina. For a complete listing of all the gminy in Poland, see List of Polish gminas . Polish gminy operate under

182-473: A city mayor ( prezydent miasta ) instead of a town mayor (burmistrz), the status awarded automatically to all urban gminy over 100,000 inhabitants or those with a status of a city with powiat rights, with some others allowed to retain the earlier awarded title due to historical reasons. 66 among the 107 cities (including all voivodeship seats and all cities over 100,000 inhabitants) have the special status of city with powiat rights (miasto na prawach powiatu). Such

208-658: A gubernator. In the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth , the Starosta was from the 15th century the office of a territorial administrator, usually conferred on a local landowner and member of the nobility, Szlachta . Until the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, there were two types of Starosta: There were also general starosts who were provincial governors. All starosts disappeared after

234-407: A law was adopted that more clearly defined the status and powers of the starosta. Also, this law introduced the concept of starosta okruhs ( elderships )―the territory on which the starost is elected and over which his powers extend. The starosta okruhs were to be formed by the amalgamated territorial hromada council and could consist of several settlements, in addition to the administrative center of

260-435: A part of an urban-rural one. There are three types of gmina: Some rural gminy have their seat in a town which itself is outside of the gmina's territory. For example, the rural Gmina Augustów is administered from the town of Augustów , but does not include the town, as Augustów is an urban type gmina in its own right. One hundred and seven urban gminy constitute cities, distinguished from towns through being governed by

286-764: A subordinate administrative role. In rural areas these are called sołectwa , in towns they may be dzielnice or osiedla and in an urban-rural gmina, the town itself may be designated as an auxiliary unit. The only gmina which is statutorily obliged to have auxiliary units is Warsaw , which is divided since 2002 into 18 boroughs exercising some devolved powers, though not considered separate entities. Each gmina carries out two classes of tasks: The tasks can be also divided into another two categories: Own tasks include matters such as spatial harmony, real estate management, environmental protection and nature conservation, water management, country roads, public streets, bridges, squares and traffic systems, water supply systems and source,

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312-401: Is twinned with: Gmina The gmina has been the basic unit of territorial division in Poland since 1974, when it replaced the smaller gromada (cluster). Three or more gminy make up a higher level unit called a powiat , except for those holding the status of a city with powiat rights . Each and every powiat has the seat in a city or town, in the latter case either an urban gmina or

338-486: Is a community elder in some Slavic lands. The Slavic root of "starost" translates as "senior". Since the Middle Ages , it has designated an official in a leadership position in a range of civic and social contexts throughout Central and Eastern Europe . In reference to a municipality, a starosta was historically a senior royal administrative official, equivalent to a county sheriff or seneschal , and analogous to

364-421: Is held in the municipality by a directly elected official, called wójt in rural gminy, a town mayor ( burmistrz ) in urban-rural and most urban gminy which contain towns, or a city mayor ( prezydent miasta ) in the 107 urban gminy containing cities, the status awarded automatically to all urban gminy over 100,000 inhabitants or those with a status of a city with powiat rights, with some others allowed to retain

390-555: The Kosciuszko Insurrection in 1794 and were not reinstated until after World War I when their role was altered. In contemporary Poland , starosta designates a district administrator, who heads the district administration starostwo and manages a powiat district, akin to the leader of a town or rural council. In the Ukrainian State during 1918, gubernatorial and povitian starostas controlled who represented

416-400: The amalgamated territorial hromada. It was also fixed for the starostas the right to a guaranteed speech at the meetings of the amalgamated territorial hromada council and its standing commissions on issues related to their starosta okruh, as well as added control functions over the use of communal property objects and the state of improvement in their okruh. According to the monitoring of

442-507: The central government in regions. In 2014–2015, administrative and territorial reform began in Ukraine , during which adjacent territorial communities began to unite into larger amalgamated territorial hromadas . In order for the interests of residents of all villages, towns and cities in united territorial communities to be properly represented, the law "On Voluntary Unification of Territorial Communities" adopted on February 5, 2015, introduced

468-410: The earlier awarded title due to historical reasons. A town or city mayor may be scrutinized or denied funding for his/her projects by the council, but is not politically responsible to it and does not require its confidence to remain in office; therefore, cohabitation is not uncommon. In a city with powiat rights , the city mayor additionally has the powers and duties of a powiat executive board and

494-449: The executive body of the council and back. By the decree of the Cabinet of Ministers dated July 22, 2016, the starosta was assigned to the fifth category of positions in local self-government bodies, and later by the law dated February 9, 2017 to the sixth category. This made it possible to streamline the structure and terms of payment for the newly elected starostas. On February 9, 2017,

520-468: The institute of starosta, who were to be elected by residents of the respective settlements and represent their interests in the executive bodies of the council of the amalgamated territorial hromada. The mayor, in particular, is a member of the executive committee of the amalgamated territorial hromada council ex officio, he must help the residents of his settlements with the preparation of submitting documents to local self-government bodies, participate in

546-490: The preparation of the amalgamated territorial hromada budget in the part that concerns his settlements, and also perform other duties specified in Regulations on the starosta, which were approved by the council of the amalgamated territorial hromada. In particular, the council of the amalgamated territorial hromada could authorize the starosta to perform notarial acts on his own, or to transfer relevant documents from residents to

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572-480: The self-government initiatives and cooperation within the commune including with non-governmental organizations, interaction with regional communities from other countries, etc. Commissioned tasks cover the remaining public tasks resulting from legitimate needs of the state, commissioned by central government for the units of local government to implement. The tasks are handed over on the basis of statutory by-laws, charters and regulations, or by way of agreements between

598-825: The self-government units and central-government administration. Abbreviations used for voivodeships: LS: Lower Silesian Voivodeship, KP: Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, LBL: Lublin Voivodeship, LBS: Lubusz Voivodeship, ŁD: Łódź Voivodeship, LP: Lesser Poland Voivodeship, MS: Masovian Voivodeship, OP: Opole Voivodeship, SK: Subcarpathian Voivodeship, PD: Podlaskie Voivodeship, PM: Pomeranian Voivodeship, SL: Silesian Voivodeship, ŚWK: Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, WM: Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, GP: Greater Poland Voivodeship, WP: West Pomeranian Voivodeship. Starosta Starosta / ˈ s t ɑːr ɒ s t ə / or starost ( Cyrillic : старост/а , Latin : capitaneus , German: Starost, Hauptmann )

624-408: The sewage system, removal of urban waste, water treatment, maintenance of cleanliness and order, sanitary facilities, dumps and council waste, supply of electric and thermal energy and gas, public transport, health care, welfare, care homes, subsidised housing, public education, cultural facilities including public libraries and other cultural institutions, historic monuments conservation and protection,

650-453: The sports facilities and tourism including recreational grounds and devices, marketplaces and covered markets, green spaces and public parks, communal graveyards, public order and safety, fire and flood protection with equipment maintenance and storage, maintaining objects and devices of the public utility and administrative buildings, pro-family policy including social support for pregnant women, medical and legal care, supporting and popularising

676-475: The turnout in the recall referendum must be at least 3/5 of the number of people voting in the original election in order for the referendum to be valid and binding. In addition, elected bodies of any municipality may be suspended by the prime minister of Poland in case of persisting law transgressions or negligence , resulting in such case in the municipality being placed under receivership . A gmina may create auxiliary units ( jednostki pomocnicze ), which play

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