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The Apollo, Glasgow

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66-450: The Apollo was a music venue at 126 Renfield Street in Glasgow city centre, Scotland . The Apollo operated from 5 September 1973 until closure on 16 June 1985 and was Glasgow's leading music venue during this period. The Apollo was a re-brand of the previous Green's Playhouse in the same building. The Green family owned Green's Playhouse cinema at 126 Renfield Street. It was thought to be

132-415: A cover charge if a live band is playing. Some jazz clubs host " jam sessions " after hours or on early evenings of the week. At jam sessions, both professional musicians and advanced amateurs will typically share the stage. In Japan, small live music clubs are known as live houses (ライブハウス), especially featuring rock, jazz, blues , and folk music , and have existed since the 1970s, now being found across

198-425: A dress code . The busiest nights for a nightclub are Friday and Saturday night. Most clubs or club nights cater to certain music genres , such as house music or hip hop . Many clubs have recurring club nights on different days of the week. Most club nights focus on a particular genre or sound for branding effects. A stadium is a place or venue for (mostly) outdoor sports, concerts, or other events and consists of

264-549: A music festival . Music venues are typically either private businesses or public facilities set up by a city, state, or national government. Some music venues are also run by non-government organizations, such as music associations. Some venues only promote and hold shows of one particular genre, such as opera houses . Stadiums, on the other hand, may show rock, classical , and world music . Music venues can be categorised by size and capacity. The smallest venues, coffeeshops and tiny nightclubs have room for tens of spectators;

330-470: A string section . Large rooms were also more common in the Swing era, because at that time, jazz was popular as a dance music , so the dancers needed space to move. With the transition to 1940s-era styles like bebop and later styles such as soul jazz , small combos of musicians such as quartets and trios were mostly used, and the music became more of a music to listen to, rather than a form of dance music. As

396-404: A combination of the two, depending on the event or time of day. Discothèques are mainly designed for prerecorded music played by a disc jockey . Live music venues have one or more stages for the performers. Venues may be unticketed, casual entry available on the door with a cover charge , or advance tickets only. A dress code may or may not apply. At some venues, the main focus is watching

462-596: A field or stage either partly or completely surrounded by a tiered structure designed to allow spectators to stand or sit and view the event. Although concerts, such as classical music, had been presented in them for decades, beginning in the 1960s stadiums began to be used as live venues for popular music, giving rise to the term " stadium rock ", particularly for forms of hard rock and progressive rock . The origins of stadium rock are sometimes dated to when The Beatles played Shea Stadium in New York in 1965. Also important

528-478: A large enough paying audience to fill the concert venue. The venue was known for the atmosphere generated by its enthusiastic crowds, a 15 ft 6 in high stage (often exaggerated and misreported) that sloped down towards the audience and "bouncy balcony" designed and built so that it would move up and down. This feature was put to the test by concert-goers, who would jump to get it to bounce. Francis Rossi refers to this on Status Quo 's Live! , recorded at

594-529: A non-executive director since May 2015. On 5 October 2020, Cineworld announced the indefinite re-closure of all owned cinemas in the UK, Ireland, and United States from 8 October, citing the delay of major tentpole Hollywood films due to the wider impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema , and its continued inability to reopen cinemas in the key U.S. market of New York (which CEO Mooky Greidinger cited as having resulted in

660-496: A prominent part of British , Irish , Breton , New Zealand , Canadian , South African , and Australian cultures . In many places, especially in villages, a pub is the focal point of the community. In his 17th-century diary, Samuel Pepys described the pub as "the heart of England". Most pubs focus on offering beers, ales and similar drinks. As well, pubs often sell wines, spirits , and soft drinks , meals and snacks . Pubs may be venues for pub songs and live music. During

726-423: A publicly funded music venue is a bandstand in a municipal park; such outdoor venues typically do not charge for admission. A nightclub is a privately funded venue operated as a profit-making business; venues like these typically charge an entry fee to generate a profit. Music venues do not necessarily host live acts; disc jockeys at a discothèque or nightclub play recorded music through a PA system . Depending on

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792-508: A result, smaller clubs with small stages became practical. In the 2000s, jazz clubs may be found in the basements of larger residential buildings , in storefront locations or in the upper floors of retail businesses. They can be rather small compared to other music venues, such as rock music clubs, reflecting the intimate atmosphere of jazz shows and long-term decline in popular interest in jazz. Despite being called " clubs ", these venues are usually not exclusive. Some clubs, however, have

858-441: A specific genre of music. A jazz club is a venue where the primary entertainment is the performance of live jazz music, although some jazz clubs primarily focus on the study and/or promotion of jazz-music. Jazz clubs are usually a type of nightclub or bar , which is licensed to sell alcoholic beverages. Jazz clubs were in large rooms in the eras of orchestral jazz and big band jazz , when bands were large and often augmented by

924-448: A stage for live music, one or more dance floor areas and a DJ booth, where a DJ plays recorded music. The upmarket nature of nightclubs can be seen in the inclusion of VIP areas in some nightclubs, for celebrities and their guests. Nightclubs are much more likely than pubs or sports bars to use bouncers to screen prospective clubgoers for entry. Some nightclub bouncers do not admit people with informal clothing or gang apparel as part of

990-426: A theater. They may range from open-air amphitheaters to ornate, cathedral -like structures to simple, undecorated rooms or black box theaters . Some theaters may have a fixed performing area (in most theaters this is known as the stage ), while some theaters, such as "black box theaters", may not. For the audience, theaters may include balconies or galleries, boxes , typically considered the most prestigious area of

1056-526: Is a theatre venue constructed specifically for opera . It consists of a stage , an orchestra pit , audience seating, and backstage facilities for costumes and set building. While some venues are constructed specifically for operas, other opera houses are part of larger performing arts centers. Indeed the term opera house itself is often used as a term of prestige for any large performing-arts center. The Teatro San Carlo in Naples , opened in 1737, introduced

1122-644: Is any location used for a concert or musical performance. Music venues range in size and location, from a small coffeehouse for folk music shows, an outdoor bandshell or bandstand or a concert hall to an indoor sports stadium . Typically, different types of venues host different genres of music. Opera houses , bandshells, and concert halls host classical music performances, whereas public houses ("pubs"), nightclubs , and discothèques offer music in contemporary genres, such as rock , dance , country , and pop . Music venues may be either privately or publicly funded, and may charge for admission. An example of

1188-460: Is called an opera house . The theater serves to define the performance and audience spaces. The facility is traditionally organized to provide support areas for performers, the technical crew and the audience members. There are as many types of theaters as there are types of performance. Theaters may be built specifically for a certain types of productions, they may serve for more general performance needs or they may be adapted or converted for use as

1254-716: Is the tallest cinema in the world and the busiest, by customer base, in the UK. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange . Cineworld was founded by Steve Wiener in 1995. The first Cineworld cinema opened in Stevenage , Hertfordshire in July 1996. A second cinema opened in Wakefield , West Yorkshire, in December 1996 and the third opened in Feltham , London in July 1997. In 2004, Cineworld

1320-478: The Wall Street Journal reported that Cineworld was considering filing insolvency proceedings in the UK after struggling to rebuild attendance and incurring debts of more than $ 4.8 billion (£4 billion) following the pandemic. On 7 September 2022, Cineworld filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. In April 2023, Cineworld's stock price plummeted by 30% due to their plan to discontinue the sale of their business in

1386-575: The London living wage to its staff. The workforce attracted the support of Eric Cantona . On 27 February 2014, Cineworld completed the takeover of Cinema City International N.V. As of March 2015, the Greidinger family (who owned a controlling 54% stake in Cinema City International) held a controlling bloc as the largest shareholder in the enlarged company. In May 2014, Mooky Greidinger joined

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1452-463: The 1970s pubs provided an outlet for a number of bands, such as Kilburn and the High Roads , Dr. Feelgood , and The Kursaal Flyers , who formed a musical genre called pub rock that was a precursor to Punk music . A nightclub is an entertainment venue and bar that usually operates late into the night. A nightclub is generally distinguished from regular bars, pubs or taverns by the inclusion of

1518-615: The 1980s, arena rock became dominated by glam metal bands, following the lead of Aerosmith and including Mötley Crüe , Quiet Riot , W.A.S.P. , and Ratt . Since the 1980s, rock, pop, and folk stars, including the Grateful Dead , Madonna , Britney Spears , Beyoncé , and Taylor Swift , have undertaken large-scale stadium based concert tours . A theater or playhouse is a structure where theatrical works or plays are performed, or other performances such as musical concerts may be produced. A theatre used for opera performances

1584-586: The 19th century contained between about 1,500 to 3,000 seats, examples being Brussels ' La Monnaie (after renovations, 1,700 seats), Odessa Opera and Ballet Theater (with 1,636), Warsaw 's Grand Theatre (the main auditorium with 1,841), Paris ' Palais Garnier (with 2,200), the Royal Opera House in London (with 2,268), and the Vienna State Opera (the new auditorium with 2,280). Modern opera houses of

1650-584: The 20th century such as New York 's Metropolitan Opera House (with 3,800) and the War Memorial Opera House in San Francisco (with 3,146) are larger. Many operas are better suited to being presented in smaller theaters, such as Venice 's La Fenice with about 1,000 seats. In a traditional opera house, the auditorium is U-shaped, with the length of the sides determining the audience capacity. Around this are tiers of balconies, and often, nearer to

1716-632: The Canadian operations. This would have made it North America's largest cinema chain. The deal was approved by shareholders in February 2020. However, Cineworld would terminate the purchase agreement due to alleged "material adverse effect and breaches" by Cineplex. The company subsequently sued Cineworld over the aborted purchase. In December 2021, the Ontario Superior Court of Justice ordered Cineworld to pay damages of C$ 1.23 billion for pulling out of

1782-673: The UK, US, and Ireland. This decision was made because of the company's inability to find a buyer. Cineworld said it was also open to offers for the purchase of its business in regions other than the aforementioned areas. It announced that it plans to secure funding of $ 2.26 billion and that it had entered into an agreement with its creditors to restructure its debt and come up with strategies to exit bankruptcy. In July 2023, Cineworld announced that its chief executive, Mooky Greidinger , would be stepping down. The company's lenders appointed Eduardo Acuna, an executive at Cinépolis , to take his place. On 31 July 2023, Cineworld entered administration in

1848-564: The UK. That same day, Cineworld emerged from Chapter 11 bankruptcy after slashing billions of dollars in debt and the much-needed boost from the Barbenheimer box office success. In July 2024, Cineworld announced it would close six of its cinemas across the UK as part of a restructuring plan to bring the company back into profitability. These included Glasgow Parkhead, Bedford , Hinckley , Loughborough , Yate and Swindon Regent Circus. This also affected future locations, such as one that

1914-775: The United Kingdom and the United States. The group's primary brands are Cineworld Cinemas and Picturehouse in the United Kingdom and Ireland, Cinema City in Eastern and Central Europe, Planet in Israel, and Regal Cinemas in the United States. As of March 2018, Cineworld was the leading cinema operator in the UK by box office market share (based on revenue). It operated, at that time, 99 cinemas and over 1,017 screens, including Cineworld Dublin —Ireland's single largest multiplex by screens and customer base. Cineworld Glasgow Renfrew Street

1980-748: The acquisition of Cineplex. This decision caused the Cineworld share price to fall by nearly 30% overnight on the London Stock Exchange. Cineworld said it would appeal the decision. On 17 March 2020, Cineworld and all other cinema companies in the UK temporarily closed all their UK cinemas due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic . Some 800 staff at Cineworld Group PLC wrote to chief executive Moshe Greidinger requesting their jobs back after many were made redundant "with immediate effect". Employees with over three years of service were told they would be retained with 40% of their salary or average pay. The letter said

2046-459: The audience, they could stay. They'd earned it." Andy Summers of The Police in his autobiography "One Train Later" wrote "Back in the dressing room, drenched in sweat and sitting among piles of little tartan-wrapped presents, we remarked about the bouncing balcony, amazed that the whole thing didn't collapse." The venue was used for numerous live album recordings (see "Notable Performances" section) and

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2112-404: The back half of the shell protect musicians from the elements and reflect sound through the open side and out towards the audience. Bandstand is a small outdoor structure. A concert hall is a performance venue constructed specifically for instrumental classical music . A concert hall may exist as part of a larger performing arts center. Jazz clubs are an example of a venue that is dedicated to

2178-420: The background, such as a performance on a grand piano in a restaurant . Music venues can be categorised in a number of ways. Typically, the genre of music played at the venue, whether it is temporary and who owns the venue decide many of the other characteristics. The majority of music venues are permanent; however, there are temporary music venues. An example of a temporary venue would be one constructed for

2244-600: The board of directors as CEO, having previously been CEO of Cinema City International . In 2015, Picturehouse unveiled their new West End flagship site, ‘Picturehouse Central’, a 1,000-seat seven-screen cinema on Shaftesbury Avenue near Piccadilly Circus in central London. In August 2016, Cineworld acquired six cinemas from Empire Cinemas , including the Empire Theatre in London's West End, and 4 other locations in Basildon, Poole, Bromley and Hemel Hempstead. Empire Newcastle

2310-410: The building which they felt had potential as a music venue. They bought a job lot of 3,000 cinema seats and re-upholstered the 'Golden Divans' in the balcony. "Apollo" was chosen as the name of the re-branded venue so to mitigate the cost of letters for which the sign company charged £250 per letter. The first two concerts at The Apollo were performed by Johnny Cash on 5 & 6 September 1973. The venue

2376-515: The company's $ 8 billion debt. Greidinger said that Cineworld would reopen the cinemas once there was a "solid lineup of releases" ahead. He also said that its Central European operations would remain active on a case-by-case basis, as they have a stronger dependency on domestic productions than Hollywood productions. Cineworld cinemas reopened in May 2021. The release of No Time to Die in October 2021 took

2442-665: The country. The term is a Japanese coinage ( wasei eigo ) and is mainly used in East Asia . The oldest live house is Coffee House Jittoku (拾得, after the Chinese monk Shide "Foundling") in Kyoto , founded in 1973 in an old sake warehouse. Soon afterwards, the idea spread through Japan. In recent years, similar establishments started to appear in big cities in South Korea and China ; many of them are also locally called "live houses." An opera house

2508-554: The delays). The decision followed the delay of the James Bond film No Time to Die from November 2020 to 2 April 2021. Greidinger said the delay was the "last straw" for Cineworld following a string of other film delays and cancellations. Cineworld said that its decision would affect 45,000 workers, 5,500 of them in the UK, and 20,000 in the US. Later that month, it hired FTI Consulting , Houlihan Lokey , and AlixPartners to help refinance

2574-592: The horseshoe-shaped auditorium, the oldest in the world, a model for the Italian theater. On this model were built subsequent theaters in Italy and Europe, among others, the court theater of the Palace of Caserta , which became the model for other theaters. Given the popularity of opera in 18th and 19th century Europe, opera houses are usually large, often containing more than 1,000 seats. Traditionally, Europe's major opera houses built in

2640-416: The house, and "house seats", known as "the best seats in the house", giving the best view of the stage. Cineworld Cineworld Group plc is a British cinema operator headquartered in London, England. It is the world's second-largest cinema chain (after AMC Theatres ), with 9,139 screens across 747 sites in 10 countries: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Poland, Romania, Slovakia,

2706-444: The interview be held in the empty disused site of the old building. The Apollo was replaced by a Cineworld building constructed in 2000 and opened a year later on exactly the same site. A musical was first produced in 2009 titled, I Was There: The Story of The Glasgow Apollo . The retro website glasgowapollo.com was launched in 2003. As of 2017 the site has received over 12 million hits. Music venue A music venue

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2772-530: The largest cinema in Europe at the time but was in decline. Unicorn Leisure, owned by Frank Lynch and Max Langdown, leased a discothèque named Clouds in the top floor of the building. Unicorn included management of Billy Connolly in their portfolio. On hearing the Green family were considering converting the dis-repaired venue into a bingo hall or demolishing the venue for a completely new development, Unicorn applied to lease

2838-492: The largest venues, such as stadiums, can hold tens of thousands of spectators. Music venues are either outdoor or indoor. Examples of outdoor venues include bandstands and bandshells ; such outdoor venues provide minimal shelter for performing musicians and are usually located in parks. A temporary music festival is typically an outdoor venue. Examples of indoor venues include public houses , nightclubs , coffee bars , and stadia. Venues can play live music, recorded music, or

2904-447: The month's Cineworld revenues in the UK and Ireland to 127% of October 2019's levels. In December, Cineworld's 2021 global revenue reached 88% of 2019's yearly intake. Cineworld credited this to the success of Spider-Man: No Way Home , the only film to have made more than $ 1.5 billion globally since the pandemic began. Before the pandemic, Cineworld had a share price of £1.97, which had fallen to 20p by mid-August 2022. That August,

2970-486: The move would leave many of the affected unable to afford essentials such as housing and food. In late May 2020, Cineworld announced it planned to reopen all its UK cinemas in July. On 14 August 2020, it announced a new reopening schedule, in which their Welsh cinemas would open on 14 August, whereas their Irish, Scottish and Jersey screens would open on 26 August. Their English cinemas had been open since 31 July. In May 2020, Alicja Kornasiewicz became chair, having been

3036-452: The operas of Richard Strauss ), it can be more than 100 players. Similarly, an opera may have a large cast of characters, chorus, dancers and supernumeraries . Therefore, a major opera house will have extensive dressing room facilities. Opera houses often have on-premises set and costume building shops and facilities for storage of costumes, make-up, masks, and stage properties, and may also have rehearsal spaces. Major opera houses throughout

3102-399: The premises". In early 2014, Cineworld introduced an allocated seating system, starting as a trial in selected sites including Wembley and rolling out to all their cinemas by the summer. The move was controversial and a Twitter campaign was created against this policy. Cineworld has responded to the criticism stating that it gives customers peace of mind along with other benefits. In 2017,

3168-434: The show, such as at opera houses or classical recital halls. In some venues that also include food and beverage service, the performers may be playing background music to add to the ambiance. Amphitheaters are round- or oval-shaped and usually unroofed. Permanent seating at amphitheaters is generally tiered. A bandshell is a large, outdoor performing structure typically used by concert bands and orchestras . The roof and

3234-428: The singers, since trained opera singers are normally able to project their unamplified voices in the hall. Since the 1990s, however, some opera houses have begun using a subtle form of sound reinforcement called acoustic enhancement . A pub, or public house, is an establishment licensed to sell alcoholic drinks , which traditionally include beer (such as ale ) and cider . It is a social drinking establishment and

3300-544: The stage, are boxes (small partitioned sections of a balcony). Since the latter part of the 19th century, opera houses often have an orchestra pit , where many orchestra players may be seated at a level below the audience, so that they can play without overwhelming the singing voices. This is especially true of Wagner 's Bayreuth Festspielhaus where the pit is partially covered. The size of an opera orchestra varies, but for some operas, oratorios and other works, it may be very large; for some romantic period works (or for many of

3366-513: The type of venue, the opening hours , location and length of performance may differ, as well as the technology used to deliver the music in the venue. Other attractions, such as performance art , standup comedy , or social activities, may also be available, either while music is playing or at other times. For example, at a bar or pub , the house band may be playing live songs while drinks are being served, and between songs, recorded music may be played. Some classes of venues may play live music in

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3432-525: The venue was acquired by the Apollo Leisure Group . The new leaseholders experienced considerable problems with the buildings structural condition and later considered relinquishing the lease in 1978, with Mecca Bingo expressing interest in the acquisition of the building. A successful campaign to preserve the building's status as a music venue included a 100,000 signature petition including support from Paul McCartney and Eric Clapton . The resumption

3498-408: The venue: "Those people at the top, on the balcony, [we] can only see you when the lights go up there. Get the balcony to move about a bit and they'll [the sound/road crew] all be running about and shitting themselves. Nice bunch of fellas, but very very scared of balconies!" Jake Burns of Stiff Little Fingers said the stage was "the only one in our career where we said if anyone got onstage from

3564-513: The world often have highly mechanized stages , with large stage elevators permitting heavy sets to be changed rapidly. At the Metropolitan Opera , for instance, sets are often changed during the action, as the audience watches, with singers rising or descending as they sing. This occurs in the Met's productions of operas such as Aida and Tales of Hoffmann . London 's Royal Opera House , which

3630-714: The world that are fitted with IMAX with Laser projection systems, two are in the UK, both belonging to Cineworld, located in Leicester Square and Sheffield. In April 2018, IMAX And Cineworld Group signed an agreement to install 55 new IMAX with Laser experience in Cineworld and Regal IMAX locations. In 2012, Cineworld began a trial of a premium service, the Screening Rooms. Located next to the Cheltenham cinema, The Screening Rooms offers considerably larger, leather seating, premium food, and 'table' service. The Screening Rooms

3696-851: Was acquired by Blackstone private equity group for £120m. The following year, Cineworld acquired the UK and Ireland operations of French cinema company UGC . In December 2012, Cineworld acquired the Picturehouse Cinema chain , adding 21 cinemas to its portfolio, including The Little Theatre in Bath, Brighton's Duke of York's cinema , the Cameo, Edinburgh , the Phoenix in Oxford and the Ritzy Cinema in Brixton. The Blackstone Group , which had invested in Cineworld when it

3762-466: Was also acquired by Cineworld the following year. In November 2017, Cineworld began merger talks with the US cinema chain Regal Cinemas . On 5 December, it was officially announced that Cineworld would buy Regal for US$ 3.6 billion (£2.7 billion), creating the world's second-largest cinema group. It would also allow Cineworld access to the US market, the largest in the world. The acquisition

3828-516: Was completed in 2018. In March 2019, Cineworld and Eagle Pictures invested in Spyglass Media Group . On 16 December 2019, Cineworld announced its proposed acquisition of Cineplex Entertainment —Canada's largest cinema chain—for approximately US$ 2.1 billion. Cineworld planned to integrate its operations with Regal to achieve cost and revenue synergies and maintain the Cineplex branding for

3894-514: Was later converted into an extended Cineworld in Cheltenham when it was refurbished to become the second Cineworld in the country to offer the new premium VIP format. Sheffield was the first to offer it. Cineworld was the only cinema chain in the United Kingdom to forbid customers from bringing food and drink bought elsewhere into the cinema. In November 2012, the policy was changed and now states that "neither alcohol nor hot food may be brought onto

3960-529: Was planned to open in Colchester . Across the Cineworld estate there are seven different ways in which their customers can watch a movie: 2D, 3D , 4DX , Superscreen, IMAX, VIP, and ScreenX . Prices are set according to the format the customer chooses, and not the movie they choose. As of April 2018, across the European estate there are 38 4DX screens, 35 IMAX screens and 12 VIP auditoriums. Out of 45 cinemas in

4026-518: Was privately owned, sold its entire remaining 20% shareholding in November 2010. In August 2013, The Guardian revealed that Cineworld employs 80% of its 4,300 staff on zero hour contracts . In October 2013, the Chester location was closed due to the landowner wanting to develop the land into a supermarket. In 2014, Cineworld's Picturehouse chain was subject to industrial action owing to its refusal to pay

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4092-536: Was quickly attractive to the public responding to booking of popular performers of the time who spoke favourably of the atmosphere generated by the exuberant crowds. The ballroom operated above the main concert auditorium, originally known as "Clouds", following various name changes that included "Satellite City" and "The Penthouse". The ballroom became a music venue for up-coming and relatively lesser-known contemporary bands, such as Simple Minds , Elvis Costello , Sham 69 and The Rich Kids . These were unable to attract

4158-523: Was remodeled in the late 1990s, retained the original 1858 auditorium at its core, but added completely new backstage and wing spaces as well as an additional performance space and public areas. Much the same happened in the remodeling of Milan 's La Scala opera house between 2002 and 2004. Although stage, lighting and other production aspects of opera houses often make use of the latest technology, traditional opera houses have not used sound reinforcement systems with microphones and loudspeakers to amplify

4224-525: Was the use of large stadiums for American tours by bands in the later 1960s, such as The Rolling Stones , Grand Funk Railroad , and Led Zeppelin . The tendency developed in the mid-1970s as the increased power of amplification and sound systems allowed the use of larger and larger venues. Smoke, fireworks and sophisticated lighting shows became staples of arena rock performances. Key acts from this era included Journey , REO Speedwagon , Boston , Foreigner , Styx , Kiss , Peter Frampton , and Queen . In

4290-462: Was to herald a seven-year downward spiral until the venue finally closed for business on 16 June 1985. The Style Council were the final performers on the bill. The building was demolished in September 1987 following a fire that rendered the building structurally unsafe. Such is the high regard that Ozzy Osbourne felt for the place that when he agreed to an interview on Scottish Television he asked that

4356-561: Was used as either opening or closing venue by many performers visiting the UK from America. The management team for the Ramones have subsequently said the Apollo was the Ramones' favourite venue. Despite the Apollo's success as a music venue, the building was in a poor condition and its structure was gradually deteriorating. Maintenance was undertaken only on a "make-do" basis. In mid-1977 the owner of Unicorn Leisure relocated to Florida . The lease for

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