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27-501: The 665-square-kilometre (257 sq mi) municipality is the 170th largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Gildeskål is the 285th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 1,958. The municipality's population density is 2.9 inhabitants per square kilometre (7.5/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 3.2% over the previous 10-year period. The municipality of Gildeskaal (later spelled Gildeskål )

54-409: A little less than the land area of Puerto Rico , 8,868 square kilometres (3,424 sq mi). Although the arithmetic density is the most common way of measuring population density, several other methods have been developed to provide alternative measures of population density over a specific area. Direct election Direct election is a system of choosing political officeholders in which

81-533: A strong presidential system as well based on changes in 1987 to its constitution. The first major European country to use direct elections was France (1848). However, if no candidate received a majority of the vote the National Assembly chose the winner from the top five candidates. As the so-called Second Republic only lasted for one presidential term, this never happened. Germany (the Weimar Republic )

108-499: Is 53/km (140/sq mi). This includes all continental and island land area, including Antarctica . However, if Antarctica is excluded, then population density rises to over 58 per square kilometre (150/sq mi). The European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) has developed a suite of (open and free) data and tools named the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) to improve the science for policy support to

135-450: Is a measurement of population per unit land area. It is mostly applied to humans , but sometimes to other living organisms too. It is a key geographical term. Population density is population divided by total land area , sometimes including seas and oceans, as appropriate. Low densities may cause an extinction vortex and further reduce fertility. This is called the Allee effect after

162-499: Is around 8,000,000,000 and the Earth 's total area (including land and water) is 510,000,000 km (200,000,000 sq mi). Therefore, the worldwide human population density is approximately 8,000,000,000 ÷ 510,000,000 = 16/km (41/sq mi). However, if only the Earth's land area of 150,000,000 km (58,000,000 sq mi) is taken into account, then human population density

189-465: Is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The arms are canting since the meaning of the municipal name Gildeskål refers to a banquet hall (or guildhall ) which, of course, is a place where one might drink from a chalice. The arms were designed by Arvid Sveen. The Church of Norway has one parish ( sokn ) within Gildeskål Municipality. It is part of

216-527: Is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Salten og Lofoten District Court and the Hålogaland Court of Appeal . The municipal council ( Kommunestyre ) of Gildeskål is made up of 17 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show

243-646: The Beiar Fjord . There is a VLF -transmitter in Gildeskål that is used for sending messages to submerged submarines ( call sign : JXN, frequency : 16.4 kHz). It uses as antenna multiple wires spun between two mountains ( photo ). The transmitter building is located at 66°58′58″N 13°52′23″E  /  66.98278°N 13.87306°E  / 66.98278; 13.87306  ( JXN transmitter ) . Population density Population density (in agriculture : standing stock or plant density )

270-620: The Bodø domprosti (arch- deanery ) in the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland . Gildeskål is a coastal municipality that encompasses part of the mainland as well as many islands. Major islands include Fleina , Fugløya , Nord-Arnøya , Sør-Arnøya , and Sandhornøya . The southern part of the municipality includes part of the Saltfjellet mountains and the northern part of the municipality borders the Saltfjorden and

297-631: The European Commission Directorate Generals and Services and as support to the United Nations system. Several of the most densely populated territories in the world are city-states , microstates and urban dependencies . In fact, 95% of the world's population is concentrated on just 10% of the world's land. These territories have a relatively small area and a high urbanization level, with an economically specialized city population drawing also on rural resources outside

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324-624: The Vestfjorden . There are many lakes in the municipality including: Fellvatnet , Langvatnet , Litle Sokumvatnet , and Sokumvatnet . The highest point in the municipality is the 1,331.83-metre (4,369.5 ft) tall mountain Memaurtinden. Gildeskål Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services , senior citizen services, welfare and other social services , zoning , economic development , and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality

351-403: The digraph " aa ", and after this reform, the name was spelled Gildeskål , using the letter å instead. The coat of arms was granted on 12 February 1988. The official blazon is " Azure , a chalice argent " ( Norwegian : I blått en sølv kalk ). This means the arms have a blue field (background) and the charge is a chalice . The chalice has a tincture of argent which means it

378-707: The 1980s and 1990s led to direct elections of presidents in many South American countries. These changes created centralized power in presidential positions, often blurring the line of separation of powers and making them powerful decision-makers over the legislature and cabinet. A common political debate, particularly as countries consider governmental reforms, is whether or not direct elections of heads of state strengthen democratic practices among citizens. Selection mechanisms for heads of state can lead to varying outcomes in terms of voter interest, turnout, and overall engagement. For example, some scholars argue that direct elections will mobilize voters and increase their trust in

405-988: The area, illustrating the difference between high population density and overpopulation . Deserts have very limited potential for growing crops as there is not enough rain to support them. Thus, their population density is generally low. However, some cities in the Middle East, such as Dubai , have been increasing in population and infrastructure growth at a fast pace. Cities with high population densities are, by some, considered to be overpopulated, though this will depend on factors like quality of housing and infrastructure and access to resources. Very densely populated cities are mostly in Asia (particularly Southeast Asia ); Africa's Lagos , Kinshasa , and Cairo ; South America's Bogotá , Lima , and São Paulo ; and Mexico City and Saint Petersburg also fall into this category. City population and especially area are, however, heavily dependent on

432-403: The current and historical composition of the council by political party . The mayor ( Norwegian : ordfører ) of Gildeskål is the political leader of the municipality and the chairperson of the municipal council. Here is a list of people who have held this position: Sandhornøy Bridge connects the island of Sandhornøya to the mainland. The Kjellingstraumen Bridge crosses the outer end of

459-547: The definition of "urban area" used: densities are almost invariably higher for the center only than when suburban settlements and intervening rural areas are included, as in the agglomeration or metropolitan area (the latter sometimes including neighboring cities). In comparison, based on a world population of 8 billion, the world's inhabitants, if conceptualized as a loose crowd occupying just under 1 m (10 sq ft) per person (cf. Jacobs Method ), would occupy an area of 8,000 square kilometres (3,100 sq mi)

486-417: The eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. This differs from parliamentary systems where executives derive power from the legislative body. Many African nations have moved from parliamentary to presidential systems. Regardless of constitutional structures, presidents often have immense power over other political decision-making bodies. Given this power, much of the political violence around elections stems from

513-431: The election of a legislature or executive. By contrast, in an indirect election , the voters elect a body which in turn elects the officeholder in question. In a double direct election , the elected representative serves on two councils, typically a lower-tier municipality and an upper-tier regional district or municipality. The idea that heads of state be elected directly by the people progressed slowly throughout

540-491: The elections of presidents. Additionally, recent coups and conflict have postponed direct presidential elections in several African countries. The overwhelming majority of democracies in Asia are parliamentary, rather than presidential systems. Based on constitutional design, the Philippines is the only head of state elected by popular vote. Although classified as a semi-presidential system, South Korea in political reality has

567-483: The head of state is unelected. The conceptual origins of direct presidential elections stem from the U.S. Constitution (1787) through the Electoral College . The Framers intended for a small group of electors, through methods determined by each state, to elect the president. Thus in practice this represents a form of indirect election. Bolstered by opposition groups, institutional and constitutional change in

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594-412: The old Gildeskaal farm ( Old Norse : Gildaskáli ) since the first Gildeskål Church was built there. The first element is the plural genitive case of gildi which means "feast" or " banquet ". The last element is skáli which means " hall ". On 21 December 1917, a royal resolution enacted the 1917 Norwegian language reforms . Prior to this change, the name was spelled Gildeskaal with

621-513: The president is elected directly by the people, and semi-presidential republics - including contemporary France - which have a president elected directly and a prime minister responsible to the parliament. A major debate exists regarding colonial legacies and the promotion of democracy around the world. In terms of direct elections, former British colonies are less likely to hold direct elections for heads of state. Additionally no monarchies have direct elections for head of state since by definition

648-443: The scientist who identified it. Examples of the causes of reduced fertility in low population densities are: Population density is the number of people per unit of area, usually transcribed as "per square kilometer" or square mile, and which may include or exclude, for example, areas of water or glaciers. Commonly this is calculated for a county , city , country , another territory or the entire world . The world's population

675-401: The voters directly cast ballots for the persons or political party that they wanted to see elected. The method by which the winner or winners of a direct election are chosen depends upon the electoral system used. The most commonly used systems are the plurality system and the two-round system for single-winner elections, such as a presidential election, and proportional representation for

702-403: Was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). In 1853, the eastern (inland) district of Gildeskaal Municipality (population: about 1,150) was separated to become the new Beiarn Municipality . This left Gildeskaal Municipality with about 2,400 residents. The municipal boundaries have not changed since. The municipality (originally the parish ) is named after

729-471: Was the first European country to use direct election of a president without intervention by the legislature. Both these systems were replaced by authoritarian systems within a number of years, with indirect presidential elections instated with the restoration of democracy (in 1871 and 1949, in West Germany , respectively). Currently, Europe has a mix of parliamentary republics , presidential republics , where

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