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94-473: Thomas Gilcrease grew up in the Muscogee (Creek) Nation , in present-day eastern Oklahoma . At the turn of the 20th century the federal government allotted lands collectively held by American Indian tribes to private citizens. His tribal membership entitled him to an allotment of 160 acres (0.65 km) located just south of Tulsa. The land subsequently became part of one of Oklahoma's first major oil fields ,

188-658: A "green light" rating from the Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression in recognition of the university's commitment to free speech. Tulsa's sports teams participate in NCAA Division I as a member of the American Athletic Conference (The American); its football team is part of the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS). Tulsa has the smallest undergraduate enrollment of any FBS school. TU has had

282-634: A YMCA. In 1961, the building was designated as a National Historic Landmark. By 1979, tribal sovereignty had been fully renewed and the Muscogee adopted a new constitution. The Creek Council House underwent a full restoration in 1989–1992 and reopened as a museum operated by the City of Okmulgee and the Creek Indian Memorial Association. In 2010, the Muscogee Nation purchased the building back from

376-426: A budget in excess of $ 290 million, has more than 4,000 employees, and provides services within their jurisdiction. The tribe has both gaming (casino related) and non-gaming businesses. Non-gaming business ventures include both Muscogee Nation Business Enterprise (MNBE) and Onefire. MNBE and Onefire oversee economic development as well as investigating, planning, organizing and operating business ventures projects for

470-481: A category where they listed anyone with visible African ancestry, regardless of their proportion of Muscogee ancestry; and "Intermarried Whites." The process was so confused that some members of the same families of Freedmen were classified into different groups. The 1906 Five Civilized Tribes Act (April 26, 1906) was passed by the US Congress in anticipation of approving statehood for Oklahoma in 1907. During this time,

564-519: A crowd of nearly 2,000. While doing so, he said that it was important to maintain buildings like the Creek National Capitol, since people were speculating on what they would use the Capitol for now that its legislative use had expired. His words had an impact, considering the building is still standing to this day. Since then, the building has served as a sheriff’s office, Boy Scout meeting room, and

658-409: A direct ancestor listed on the 1906 Dawes Roll by issuance of birth and/or death certificates. The Citizenship Board office is governed by a Citizenship Board consisting of five members. This office provides services to citizens of the Muscogee Nation of Oklahoma or to potential citizens in giving direction or assisting in the lineage verification process of the Muscogee people. The mission of this office

752-596: A gallery for public viewing on his Tulsa estate in 1949. Gilcrease collected at a time when few people were interested in the art or history of the American West , and so his collection grew rapidly. During the early 1950s, he acquired numerous works of art, artifacts, and documents. Declining oil prices made it difficult for him to finance major purchases. Faced with a seemingly insurmountable debt, Gilcrease offered to sell his entire collection in order to keep it intact. In 1954, fearing that Gilcrease Museum would leave Tulsa,

846-645: A gift from the energy company, which hosts events and programming to promote diversity on campus. Although TU has historic ties to the Presbyterian Church, the university has long embraced religious diversity. In 2002, TU was home to the first mosque built on an American university campus. TU also hosts a chapter of Hillel International , an organization to support Jewish life on campus. The university also hosts several organizations reflecting different streams of Christian spiritual practice, including Protestant, Catholic, and Orthodox. In February 2015, after

940-583: A guarantee for utilities and street car service. The college opened to 35 students in September 1907, two months before Oklahoma became a state. These first students attended classes at the First Presbyterian Church until permanent buildings could be erected on the new campus. This became the start of higher education in Tulsa. Kendall Hall, the first building of the new school, was completed in 1908 and

1034-625: A hands-on experience for its visitors. The archival collection at Gilcrease Museum contains over 100,000 books, manuscripts, documents, and maps ranging from 1494 to the present. Items of special interest are: A letter dictated and signed by Diego Columbus in 1512, the Cortez Decree of 1521, copies of the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation (signed by Benjamin Franklin ), and

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1128-456: A larger campus on lands donated by Creek Nation Chief Pleasant Porter . Kendall College students, faculty and administrators were instrumental in efforts to get the State of Sequoyah recognized; they wrote most of the proposed constitution and designed the seal among other things. The opening of the new campus coincided with the start of the tenure of the third president, A. Grant Evans . Over

1222-417: A letter written by Thomas Jefferson dated July 1, 1776. The museum also has a substantial collection of manuscripts by Cherokee principal chief John Ross and Choctaw Chief Peter Pitchlynn . The Helmerich Center for American Research at Gilcrease Museum is an archival center on the museum grounds that permits researchers to access the many rare documents housed at the museum. These items may only be used in

1316-412: A major expansion/improvement program of Gilcrease Museum. However, the project morphed into an $ 83.6 million plan to build an entirely new museum after it was determined that modifying the existing museum to modern standards would be too expensive. Demolition of the old building and the start of the new is expected to begin in 2022, with completion projected by early 2025. The Helmerich Center, as well as

1410-842: A number of distinguished individuals among its alumni, including current Walmart CEO Doug McMillon , New York School poet Ted Berrigan , The Outsiders author S.E. Hinton , voicemail inventor Gordon Matthews , Golden Girls actress Rue McClanahan , actor Peter McRobbie , roboticist and author Daniel H. Wilson , radio legend Paul Harvey , Kuwaiti Petroleum Company CEO Hani Abdulaziz Al Hussein , TV personality Dr. Phil McGraw (who played football for TU but did not graduate), Cherokee Nation Chief Chad "Corntassel" Smith , botanist and ecologist Harriet George Barclay , U.S. Congressman and Pro Football Hall of Fame wide receiver Steve Largent , NBA basketball player Steve Bracey , and Brazilian billionaire businessman Ermirio Pereira de Moraes ; HE Suhail Al Mazroui , Minister of Energy & Industry for

1504-492: A public-private partnership with the City of Tulsa. The museum has one of the largest collections of American Western art in the world (including famous works by Frederic Remington , Thomas Moran , and others) and houses growing collections of artifacts from Central and South America. The museum sits on 460 acres (1.9 km ) in northwest Tulsa. The Bob Dylan Archive is a collection of documents and objects relating to iconic American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan (whose mentor

1598-446: A rivalry with the slightly larger Rice University and a football rivalry with the substantially larger University of Houston . It also has two current rivalries with D-I schools that do not sponsor football—an in-conference rivalry with Wichita State University , especially in men's basketball , and a crosstown rivalry, most prominently in basketball , with Summit League member Oral Roberts University . The university's nickname

1692-561: A scholar of theater and communications, became the first alumnus to hold the presidency of the University of Tulsa. During his tenure, the university established new doctoral programs, increased the proportion of faculty with doctorates, started new publications including Petroleum Abstracts and the James Joyce Quarterly , developed a North Campus center for petroleum engineering research, and expanded many main campus facilities. He

1786-526: A small group of citizens organized a bond election. The voters of Tulsa approved, by a 3-to-1 margin, the bond issue that paid Gilcrease's outstanding debts. This kept the collection in the city. Thomas Gilcrease then deeded his collection to the city of Tulsa in 1955. In 1958, the Gilcrease Foundation conveyed the museum buildings and grounds to the city of Tulsa. In addition, Gilcrease committed oil property revenue to Tulsa for assistance in maintaining

1880-542: A state, which took place in 1907. The government declared that communal land remaining after allotments to existing households was "surplus". It was classified as excess and made available for sale to non-Natives. This resulted in the Muscogee and other tribes losing control over much of their former lands. In the hasty process of registration, the Dawes Commission registered tribal members in three categories: they distinguished among "Creek by Blood" and "Creek Freedmen,"

1974-614: A tribal college 25% of the survey sample responded yes. The nation includes the Muscogee people and descendants of their African-descended slaves who were forced by the US government to relocate from their ancestral homes in the Southeast to Indian Territory in the 1830s, during the Trail of Tears . They signed another treaty with the federal government in 1856. During the American Civil War ,

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2068-513: A wide-ranging array of topics including 20th-century British , Irish , and American literature , which includes the world's second-largest collection of materials by James Joyce . It also houses the papers of Nobel Prize winners V.S. Naipaul and Doris Lessing , as well as novelists and poets Jean Rhys , Eliot Bliss , David Plante , Anna Kavan , and Stevie Smith , just to name a few. In addition to these famous novelists, McFarlin Library houses

2162-646: Is divided into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. Okmulgee is the capital of the Muscogee Nation and also serves as the seat of government. The Executive branch is led by the Principal Chief, Second Chief, Tribal Administrator, and Secretary of the Nation. The Principal Chief and Second Chief are democratically elected every four years. Citizens cast ballots for both the Principal Chief and Second Chief as they are elected individually. The Principal Chief then chooses staff; some of which must be confirmed by

2256-607: Is not far from Tulsa's downtown and midtown neighborhoods. The campus, in particular its football venue Skelly Field, is located on the historic U.S. Route 66 , America's "Mother Road" stretching from Chicago to Los Angeles . Tulsa Golden Hurricane football has played home games at Skelly Field at H. A. Chapman Stadium since 1930. McFarlin Library: Resources and Notable Collections The library's Department of Special Collections and University Archives houses over 12 million archival items and has over 1,000 collections on

2350-545: Is sponsored by the nation. It educates and encourages tribal members to grow their own traditional foods for health, environmental sustainability, economic development, and sharing of knowledge and community between generations. The Muscogee Nation also operates a Communications Department that produces a twice-monthly newspaper, the Mvskoke News, and a weekly television show, the Native News Today . The tribe operates

2444-800: Is the Golden Hurricane (it was originally the Golden Tornadoes). The Sound of the Golden Hurricane marching band plays at all home football and basketball games as well as traveling to championships in support of the Golden Hurricane. Tulsa has won six national championships (three NCAA): four in women's golf and two in men's basketball. The University of Tulsa currently fields a varsity team in seven men's sports and ten women's sports. The school's colors are old gold ( PMS 7502), royal blue (PMS 661C), and crimson (PMS 186). The university's original motto was, in full: "Faith, Wisdom, Service: For Christ, For State." The University of Tulsa Collegian

2538-498: Is the long-standing independent and student-run newspaper on campus. The following scholarly journals are published by the university: In 2003 Tulsa joined the efforts of Brown University on the Modernist Journals Project , an online archive of early 20th-century periodicals. Tulsa has contributed various modernist texts from McFarlin Library's Special Collections to the project's website. Sean Latham, then-editor of

2632-586: Is to verify the lineage of descendants of persons listed on the 1906 Dawes Roll. In doing so, research is involved in the whole aspect of attaining citizenship. The Director of the Citizenship Board is Nathan Wilson. A 2023 Muscogee court ruling found that descendants of black slaves held by Muscogee nation members can be granted citizenship in the nation. The Nation operates its own division of housing and issues vehicle license plates. Their Division of Health contracts with Indian Health Services to maintain

2726-399: The James Joyce Quarterly , brought the 2003 North American James Joyce Conference to the University of Tulsa. TU students have won 67 Goldwater Scholarships , 5 Marshall Scholarships , 3 Rhodes Scholarships (9 Rhodes finalists), 28 Fulbright Scholarships , and numerous Department of Defense, National Science Foundation, and Morris K. Udall Fellowships. The University of Tulsa counts

2820-640: The Creek National Capitol is a National Historic Landmark . It now houses the Creek Council House Museum , as more space was needed for the government. During the prosperous final decades of the 19th century, when the tribe had autonomy and minimal interference from the federal government, the Nation built schools, churches, and public houses. At the turn of the century, Congress passed the 1898 Curtis Act , which dismantled tribal governments in another federal government attempt to assimilate

2914-578: The Five Civilized Tribes of the American Southeast. The Muscogee Nation is the largest of the federally recognized Muscogee tribes. The Muskogean-speaking Alabama , Koasati, Hitchiti , and Natchez people are also enrolled in this nation. Algonquian -speaking Shawnee and Yuchi (language isolate) are also enrolled in the Muscogee Nation, although historically, the latter two groups were from different language families and cultures than

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3008-749: The Gilcrease Museum , which includes one of the largest collections of American Western art and indigenous American artifacts in the world. TU also hosts the Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature , founded by former TU professor and noted feminist critic Germaine Greer (now at the University of Cambridge ). TU's athletic teams are collectively known as the Tulsa Golden Hurricane and compete in Division I of

3102-625: The Glenn Pool Oil Reserve , where the town of Glenpool was later established. Gilcrease proved to be an able businessman. In 1922, he founded the Gilcrease Oil Company, and in less than ten years had greatly expanded his original holdings. Thomas Gilcrease traveled extensively in Europe during the 1920s and 1930s. His visits to European museums inspired him to create his own collection. Pride in his American Indian heritage and interest in

3196-573: The Muscogee article. University of Tulsa The University of Tulsa ( TU ) is a private research university in Tulsa, Oklahoma . It has a historic affiliation with the Presbyterian Church , although it is now nondenominational, and the campus architectural style is predominantly Collegiate Gothic . The school traces its origin to the Presbyterian School for Indian Girls, which

3290-521: The NCAA as members of the American Athletic Conference (The American). The University of Tulsa is designated as a National Security Agency Center of Academic Excellence in both Information Assurance and Cyber Defense. The McDougall School of Petroleum Engineering is ranked 6th among petroleum engineering graduate schools and 10th among undergraduate PE schools by U.S. News & World report. The Presbyterian School for Indian Girls (also known as "Minerva Home")

3384-639: The United Kingdom . The University of Tulsa is home to more than 150 student organizations, registered with and partially funded by the Student Government Association. Several groups exist to support diversity on the University of Tulsa campus. There are at least 25 campus organizations existing to support and sustain a diverse campus community. In addition, TU hosts the Chevron Multicultural Resource Center, funded by

3478-458: The University of Oregon and Arizona State University . Within five years of his arrival, TU saw 13 major construction projects and renovations on campus, ranging from the construction of the Roxana Rozsa and Robert Eugene Lorton Performance Center to the overhaul of Keplinger Hall, and plans for seven more major projects finalized (despite the nationwide recession). The university also launched

3572-715: The 20th century. The following Muscogee groups have gained federal recognition as tribes: the Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town , Kialegee Tribal Town , and Thlopthlocco Tribal Town of Oklahoma; the Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana , the Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas , and the Poarch Band of Creeks in Alabama. The Muscogee Nation did not reorganize its government and regain federal recognition until 1970. This

3666-669: The 9,000 loyalists who were leaving. After defeating the Confederacy, the Union required new peace treaties with the Five Civilized Tribes, which had allied with that insurrection. The Treaty of 1866 required the Creek to abolish slavery within their territory and to grant tribal citizenship to those Creek Freedmen who chose to stay in the territory; this citizenship was to include voting rights and shares of annuities and land allotments. If

3760-800: The City of Okmulgee for $ 3.2 million. It now serves as a museum of tribal history, which is open to the public and exhibits Native American History and culture. In 2004, the Muscogee Nation founded a tribal college in Okmulgee, the College of the Muscogee Nation (CMN), one of only 38 Tribal Colleges in the US. CMN is a two-year institution, offering associate degrees in Tribal Services, Police Science, Gaming, and Native American Studies. It offers Mvskoke language, Native American History, Tribal Government, and Indian Land Issue classes as well. The CMN offers financial aid through FAFSA and offers on-campus housing. For

3854-525: The Council House, was built in 1878 and is located on a landscaped city block in downtown Okmulgee. Exterior walls of the symmetrical Italianate building are constructed of rough-faced sandstone in a coarse ashlar pattern with paired brackets at the cornice. The building measures 100 by 80 feet with two identical entrances on both the north and south elevations. A bracketed porch with a balcony above covers each entrance and 6-over-6, double-hung sash windows line

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3948-502: The Creek Freedmen moved out to United States territory, they would be granted United States citizenship, as were other emancipated African Americans. The Muscogee established a new government in 1866 and selected a new capital of Okmulgee . In 1867 they ratified a new constitution to incorporate elements of the new peace treaty, and their own desire for changes. They built their capitol building in 1867 and enlarged it in 1878. Today

4042-587: The Creek Nation Community Hospital and several community clinics, a vocational rehabilitation program, nutrition programs for children and the elderly, and programs dedicated to diabetes, tobacco prevention, and caregivers. The Muscogee Nation operates the Lighthorse Tribal Police Department, with 43 active employees. The tribe has its own program for enforcing child support payments. The Mvskoke Food Sovereignty Initiative

4136-457: The Dawes Commission roll in the category of "Creek by Blood". Persons proving they are descended from persons listed as Creek by blood can become citizens of the Muscogee Nation. The 1893 registry was established to identify citizens of the nation at the time of allotment of communal lands and dissolution of the reservation system and tribal government. The 1979 vote on citizenship excluded descendants of persons recorded only as Creek Freedmen in

4230-491: The Dawes Rolls. This decision has been challenged in court by those descendants, according to the 1866 treaty of " Creek Freedmen ." The Freedmen were listed on the Dawes Rolls. Some descendants can prove by documentation in other registers that they had ancestors with Muscogee blood. The Freedmen had been listed on a separate register, regardless of their proportion of Muscogee ancestry. This classification did not acknowledge

4324-650: The Gilcrease Museum are works by Charles Marion Russell , Alexandre Hogue , and John James Audubon . After his death in 1955, the widow of artist William Robinson Leigh gave his New York studio to the Gilcrease Museum. Thomas Gilcrease believed that the story of the American West could be told through art and that the history of the Native Americans and his own American Indian heritage could be expressed through painting , sculpture , and other forms of art. He

4418-517: The Methodist Church proposed building a college in Tulsa, using money donated by a Tulsa oilman Robert M. McFarlin . The proposed college was to be named McFarlin College. However, it was soon apparent that Tulsa could not yet support two competing schools. In 1920, Henry Kendall College merged with the proposed McFarlin College to become the University of Tulsa. The McFarlin Library of TU was named for

4512-453: The Muscogee had lost more than 2 million acres (8,100 km ) to non-Native settlers and the US government. Later, when Muscogee communities organized and set up governments under the 1936 Oklahoma Indian Welfare Act , some former Muscogee tribal towns reorganized that were in former Indian Territory and the Southeast. Some descendants had remained there and preserved cultural continuity. Others reorganized and gained recognition later in

4606-498: The Muscogee. Other federally recognized Muscogee groups include the Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town , Kialegee Tribal Town , and Thlopthlocco Tribal Town of Oklahoma; the Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana , the Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas , and the Poarch Band of Creek Indians in Alabama. The Muscogee Nation is headquartered in Okmulgee, Oklahoma , and serves as the seat of tribal government. The Muscogee Nation's Reservation status

4700-522: The Native American people. The related Dawes Allotment Act required the break-up of communal tribal landholdings to allot land to individual households. This was intended to encourage adoption of the European-American style of subsistence farming and property ownership. It also was a means to extinguish Native American land claims and prepare for admitting Indian Territory and Oklahoma Territory as

4794-540: The Oxley College of Health Sciences, in downtown Tulsa, named in recognition of a major gift from Tulsa's Oxley Foundation. In 2023, the unit was renamed the Oxley College of Health & Natural Sciences. The university also partnered with the George Kaiser Family Foundation to temporarily house The Bob Dylan Archive at TU in 2016. Under Upham's leadership, the University of Tulsa assumed management of

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4888-671: The Principal Chief and confirmation by the National Council. Annually, the Court selects from its members a Chief Justice and Vice-Chief Justice. The Justices are as follows: The Muscogee Nation also has its own Bar Association, referred to as the M(C)N Bar Association. The Board members include President Shelly Harrison, Vice President Clinton A. Wilson, and Secretary/Treasurer Greg Meier. The M(C)N Bar Association has Facebook and Twitter accounts for members to stay connected. In 2023,

4982-586: The Reading Room also contains the Great Hall, which is used for many purposes, such as fund raising events, conferences, and short-term gallery displays. The center was designed by Hastings & Chivetta, completed in 2014, contains 32,000 square feet (3,000 m) of space and cost approximately $ 14 million to construct. Using the Gilcrease collections as a guide, themed gardens have been developed on twenty-three of

5076-486: The Reading Room, an environmentally controlled, secure area, designed to protect them against loss or damage. The documents themselves are stored in a hardened concrete structure that was designed to protect them from severe weather events like tornadoes. The secured connector passage between the Reading Room and the document storage area was inspired by the " Vasari Corridor " in Florence , Italy. The same structure that contains

5170-611: The Supreme Court Room, on the west side. The capitol served as a meeting place for the legislative branches of the Muscogee Nation until 1907, when Oklahoma became a state. Tribal business in the capitol ended in 1908, when Congress authorized the possession of tribal lands, effectively ceasing tribal sovereignty. From the time of statehood to 1916, the Council House served as the Okmulgee County Courthouse. In 1926, Oklahoma Native Will Rogers visited Okmulgee to entertain

5264-687: The Thomas Gilcrease house and the mausoleum on the property, will remain. Muscogee (Creek) Nation The Muscogee Nation , or Muscogee (Creek) Nation , is a federally recognized Native American tribe based in the U.S. state of Oklahoma . The nation descends from the historic Muscogee Confederacy , a large group of indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands . They commonly refer to themselves as Este Mvskokvlke ( pronounced [isti məskóɡəlɡi] ). Historically, they were often referred to by European Americans as one of

5358-593: The University of Tulsa centers on a wide, grassy, quad-like space known as Dietler Commons, formerly called "The U." The predominant architectural style is English Gothic. Most of the buildings are constructed from tan and rose-colored Crab Orchard sandstone from Tennessee interspersed with stone quarried in Arkansas . Other materials include Bedford limestone from Indiana and slate quarried in Vermont . The university's campus borders Tulsa's Kendall Whittier neighborhood and

5452-483: The University of Tulsa suspended a student under its zero-tolerance policy for harassment for threatening and defamatory Facebook postings by his fiancée against multiple faculty members and a female student, administrators attempted to discourage the campus newspaper from publishing information the university deemed "confidential". The controversy was picked up by two websites that claimed the administration used "threats" and "intimidation" to "cover up" their handling of

5546-409: The allottees. From 1981 to 2001, the Muscogee had membership rules that allowed applicants to use a variety of documentary sources to establish qualifications for membership. In 1979 the Muscogee Nation Constitutional Convention voted to limit citizenship in the Nation to persons who could prove descent by blood, meaning that members had to be able to document direct descent from an ancestor listed on

5640-755: The board that he needed to cut back on his activities because of unspecified medical issues. The board named Provost Levit as interim president of the school, effective in January 2020. Former Congressman Brad R. Carson became president of the University of Tulsa on July 1, 2021. The University of Tulsa offers liberal arts, music, film, and professional programs, including engineering , English , computer science , natural sciences , social sciences, health sciences, business, law, and other disciplines. The university has an undergraduate research program, evidenced by 45 students receiving Goldwater Scholarships since 1995. The Tulsa Undergraduate Research Challenge (TURC) allows undergraduates to conduct advanced research with

5734-434: The cultural history of North , Central , and South America . The collections comprise 300,000 artifacts, covering prehistoric and historic archaeology and ethnographic materials from Native American, Hispanic , pre-Columbian , and Anglo-American cultural traditions. The ethnographic and historical materials span the period from European exploration of the Americas to the current day. These diverse materials help tell

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5828-403: The disciplinary issue. In January 2016, the former student filed a lawsuit against the university, claiming his dismissal was unfair and was a breach of the institution's commitment to due process. The incident earned the university a spot on the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (FIRE) 2016 "10 Worst Colleges for Free Speech". By 2023, however, the University of Tulsa had received

5922-416: The exterior walls. The hipped roof is crowned with a square wooden cupola, which originally housed bells to call tribal leaders to meetings. The inside of the building is centrally divided by a stair hall, creating an east and west side. The stairs lead to a similarly divided second story. The House of Warriors had a large meeting room on the east side, while the House of Kings had a meeting room, referred to as

6016-401: The faculty was poorly paid and morale was low. It was then that the oil tycoon and TU-patron Waite Phillips offered the school presidency to Clarence Isaiah ("Cy") Pontius, a former investment banker. His primary focus would be to rescue the school's finances. A dean's council would take charge of academic issues. However, Pontius' accomplishments went beyond raising money. During his tenure,

6110-425: The famous Gilcrease Museum in northwest Tulsa. In 2016, President Upham retired and was succeeded by Gerard Clancy, who previously served as a psychiatry professor and held leadership positions at the University of Iowa and the University of Oklahoma . About two and a half years into his presidency, in the spring of 2019, President Clancy and Provost Janet K. Levit announced a restructuring of academic programs at

6204-425: The following events occurred: After William G. Skelly died, his widow donated the Skelly Mansion, at the corner of 21st Street and Madison Avenue, to the University of Tulsa. The school sold the mansion and its furnishings to private owners in 1959. On July 5, 2012, the university announced that it would repurchase the house as a residence for its president. TU sold the property in 2021. In 1958, Ben Graf Henneke ,

6298-559: The future of the school. When the administration was approached by the comparatively smaller town of Tulsa and offered a chance to move, the decision was made to relocate. The Tulsa Commercial Club (a forerunner of the Tulsa Chamber of Commerce) decided to bid for the college. Club members who packaged a bid in 1907 to move the college to Tulsa included: B. Betters, H. O. McClure, L. N. Butts, W. L. North, James H. Hall ( sic ) , Grant C. Stebbins, Rev. Charles W. Kerr , C. H. Nicholson. The offer included $ 100,000, 20 acres of real estate, and

6392-553: The guidance of top TU professors. USNWR graduate school rankings USNWR departmental rankings U.S. News & World Report ' s 2023 edition of "Best Colleges" ranked the University of Tulsa 195th among "national universities" and tied at 90th for "Best Value". TU students have won 67 Goldwater Scholarships , 5 Marshall Scholarships , 3 Rhodes Scholarships (9 Rhodes finalists), 28 Fulbright Scholarships , and numerous Department of Defense, National Science Foundation, and Morris K. Udall Fellowships. The campus of

6486-469: The history of the American West provided a focus for his collecting. Gilcrease purchased his first oil painting titled Rural Courtship by Daniel Ridgway Knight in 1912 for $ 1,500, but most of the collection was amassed after 1939. The first Gilcrease Museum opened at his oil company headquarters (at that time located in San Antonio , Texas ) in 1943. Within a few years, he returned to Tulsa with his oil company and his growing collection. He opened

6580-478: The inherent sovereign authority of the Muscogee Nation, the Nation's citizens ratified the modern Muscogee Nation Constitution on October 6, 1979. The Supreme Court was re-established by Article VII. The Court is vested with exclusive appellate jurisdiction over all civil and criminal matters that fall under Muscogee jurisdiction and serves as the final interpretive authority on Muscogee law. The Court consists of seven justices who serve six-year terms after nomination by

6674-487: The legislative branch known as The National Council. The current members of the executive branch are as follows: The legislative branch is the National Council and consists of sixteen members elected to represent the 8 districts within the tribe's jurisdictional area. National Council representatives draft and sponsor the laws and resolutions of the Nation. The eight districts include: Creek, Tulsa, Wagoner, Okfuskee, Muskogee, Okmulgee, McIntosh, and Tukvpvtce (Hughes). Under

6768-543: The most important collections of pre-Columbian projectile points (arrow and spear heads) in North America , and has become a resource that is regularly consulted by archaeologists. The museum also has a research facility containing sliding glass display shelves for artifacts and a computer database system to help find various pieces. This facility, the Kravis Discovery Center, also has numerous "touchable" items for

6862-563: The museum until the $ 2.25 million bond was fully repaid. In the years following the transfer of the collection, Thomas Gilcrease continued to fund archaeological excavations and acquire additional materials for the collection. Upon his death in 1962, he bequeathed to the museum the material he had collected during his final years. Many famous American artists have their work displayed in Gilcrease Museum's American West Gallery. Albert Bierstadt , Frederic Remington , Thomas Moran , and Joseph Henry Sharp are featured prominently. Also on display at

6956-622: The museum's 460 acres (1.9 km). These gardens enhance the museum's collections by reflecting gardening styles and techniques from four time periods in the American West : Pre-Columbian , Pioneer , Colonial , Victorian , as well as a rock garden. Gilcrease is the only known art museum to have these educational and inspirational gardens on one site nestled in the Osage Hills . Special garden tours are available by appointment. Voters approved an 0.6 percent sales tax (known as Vision 2025) on April 5, 2016, which proposed to allocate $ 65 million for

7050-435: The museum's native American art collections. Currently, the museum owns about 10,000 pieces of art, including 18 of the 22 bronze sculptures that were created by Frederic Remington. On July 1, 2008, the University of Tulsa assumed management of the museum through a public-private partnership with the City of Tulsa. At Gilcrease Museum, the anthropology collections and the work of the department of anthropology focus on

7144-469: The next 10 years, Evans oversaw the struggling school's growth. In most years, class sizes remained small and although the academy, the attached elementary, middle, and high school was more successful; by the end of the 1906–07 year Kendall College had had only 27 collegiate graduates. At the request of the administration, the Synod of Indian Territory assumed control as trustees and began to look at alternatives for

7238-419: The papers of Congresswoman Alice Mary Robertson , literary critic Richard Ellmann , comic book innovator E. Nelson Bridwell , Cherokee Principal Chief J.B. Milam , and writer/sexologist Edward Charles , among others. The Department of Special Collections also contains a vast collection of books on Native American history. In July 2008, the University of Tulsa took over management of Gilcrease Museum in

7332-525: The principal donor of the proposed college. The name of Henry Kendall has lived on to the present as the Kendall College of Arts and Sciences. The University of Tulsa opened its School of Petroleum Engineering in 1928. The Great Depression hit the university hard. By 1935, the school was about to close because of its poor financial condition. It had a debt of $ 250,000, enrollment had fallen to 300 students (including many who could not pay their tuition),

7426-414: The spring trimester in 2018, individual student enrollment was 197. A needs assessment survey revealed that a majority of Muscogee citizens were interested in attending the tribal college. Of 386 tribal citizens from the 8 districts, 86% of those were interested in attending college responded that they would attend a tribal college. When asked if they had others in their family who were interested in attending

7520-458: The story of the many peoples and cultures that have made the history and exploration of the new world unique and complex. Especially noteworthy in the archaeological collections at Gilcrease Museum are items from the Mississippi valley region (present-day Illinois and Arkansas ), the southwestern U.S. ( Colorado , New Mexico , and Arizona ), and ancient Mexico . Gilcrease Museum has one of

7614-491: The total population of Muscogee citizens reached exactly 100,000 persons, a significant increase from 2019 when the total population was 87,344, of which 65,070 resided in Oklahoma with 11,194 of that number living in the City of Tulsa. The population is essentially evenly split in half by gender, with most citizens being between the ages of 18 and 54 years old. The criteria for Citizenship are to be Creek by Blood and trace back to

7708-431: The tribe related to non-gaming business. Gaming enterprises consist of 9 stand alone casinos ; the largest being River Spirit Casino Resort featuring Margaritaville in Tulsa . The revenue from both gaming and non-gaming business are reinvested to develop new businesses, as well as support the welfare of the tribe. The Muscogee Nation also operates two travel plaza truck stops. The Creek National Capitol, also known as

7802-676: The tribe split into two factions, one allied with the Confederacy and the other, under Opothleyahola , allied with the Union. There were conflicts between pro-Confederate and pro- Union forces in the Indian Territory during the war. The pro-Confederate forces pursued the loyalists who were leaving to take refuge in Kansas. They fought at the Battle of Round Mountain , Battle of Chusto-Talasah , and Battle of Chustenahlah , resulting in 2,000 deaths among

7896-438: The unions and intermarriage that had taken place for years between the ethnic groups. Prior to the change in code, Muscogee Freedmen could use existing registers and the preponderance of evidence to establish qualification for citizenship, and were to be aided by the Citizenship Board. The Muscogee Freedmen have challenged their exclusion from citizenship in legal actions which are pending. Historic Muscogee people are listed in

7990-451: The university that would eliminate several academic programs. The plan was met with resistance from some faculty who believed it was formulated without adequate input from faculty. Although faculty members voted " no confidence " in the president and provost in November, the university's board of trustees publicly affirmed their support of the plan. In January 2020, President Clancy informed

8084-583: Was Oklahoman Woody Guthrie ). It was announced on March 2, 2016, that the archive had been acquired by the George Kaiser Family Foundation (GKFF) and the University of Tulsa. The university has since relinquished ownership to GKFF. Students at the University of Tulsa represent 47 states and over 79 foreign countries, of which 58% are Oklahoma residents. Among the most common countries of origin for TU international students are China , Iran , Azerbaijan , India , Nigeria , Pakistan , and

8178-431: Was a patron to a number of Native American artists of his time and purchased more than 500 paintings by 20th-century Native American artists alone. Gilcrease Museum has a long-term native American exhibition. Enduring Spirit: Native American Artistic Traditions permits the museum to showcase some of the major strengths of the permanent collection as well as provide a much more comprehensive and integrated presentation of

8272-622: Was affirmed in 2020 by the decision of the United States Supreme Court in Sharp v. Murphy , which held that the allotted Muscogee Nation reservation in Oklahoma has not been disestablished and therefore retains jurisdiction over tribal citizens in Creek , Hughes , Okfuskee , Okmulgee , McIntosh , Muskogee , Tulsa , and Wagoner counties in Oklahoma . The government of the Muscogee Nation

8366-431: Was an era of increasing Native American activism across the country. In 1979 the tribe ratified a new constitution that replaced the 1866 constitution. The pivotal 1976 court case Harjo v. Kleppe helped end US federal paternalism. It ushered in an era of growing self-determination . Using the Dawes Rolls as a basis for determining membership of descendants, the Nation has enrolled more than 58,000 members, descendants of

8460-569: Was established in 1882 in Muskogee, Oklahoma, then a town in Indian Territory, and which evolved into an institution of higher education named Henry Kendall College by 1894. The college moved to Tulsa, another town in the Creek Nation in 1904, before the state of Oklahoma was created. In 1920, Kendall College was renamed the University of Tulsa. The University of Tulsa is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". It manages

8554-566: Was founded in Muskogee , Indian Territory , in 1882 to offer a primary education to young women of the Creek Nation . In 1894, the young school expanded to become Henry Kendall College, named in honor of Reverend Henry Kendall, secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions. The first president was William A. Caldwell, who served a brief two-year term, which ended in 1896. Caldwell

8648-569: Was quickly followed by two other buildings. All three buildings have since been demolished, with Kendall the last to be razed in 1972. The bell that once hung in the Kendall Building tower was saved and displayed in Bayless Plaza. The Kendall College presidents during 1907–1919 were Arthur Grant Evans, Levi Harrison Beeler, Seth Reed Gordon, Frederick William Hawley, Ralph J. Lamb, Charles Evans, James G. McMurtry and Arthur L. Odell. In 1918,

8742-557: Was succeeded by Eugene L. Swearingen, a Stanford University -trained economist and Oklahoma native who served on the National Finance Committee for the Jimmy Carter Presidential Campaign. Swearingen increased TU's endowment and expanded the footprint of its campus. In 2004, anthropologist Steadman Upham joined the University of Tulsa as president, having served in faculty and leadership positions at

8836-603: Was succeeded by William Robert King, a Presbyterian minister and co-founder of the college, who had come to Oklahoma from Tennessee , by way of the Union Theological Seminary in New York City (affiliated with Columbia University ). Kendall College, while still in Muskogee, granted the first post-secondary degree in Oklahoma in June 1898. Under King, the college was moved from its original location in downtown Muskogee to

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