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56-583: The Brown School originated from the Department of Social Work at Washington University, which was founded in 1925. It was endowed in 1945 by Bettie Bofinger Brown, who named the school after her husband, George Warren Brown, a St. Louis philanthropist and co-founder of the Brown Shoe Company . The school was the first at Washington University to admit Black students, and the first in the United States to have

112-577: A brief foray into the comic book publishing industry. The characters appeared on the covers of the comic books, and each contained an adventure, such as Robin Hood . The characters were revived with an updated, more contemporary look for a brief advertising campaign in the 1980s and 1990s. William Danforth William H. Danforth (September 10, 1870 – December 24, 1955) was an American businessman known for founding Ralston Purina in St. Louis, Missouri in 1894. He

168-489: A building dedicated to social work education. As of 2024, it is ranked the #2 school for social work in the United States by U.S. News & World Report . In 1925, an academic social work program was introduced at Washington University under the leadership of the social scholar Frank J. Bruno. The program was initially called the Washington University Training Course for Social Workers and belonged to

224-406: A building in downtown St. Louis. During this time of high competition, Brown Shoes kept profits high by keeping labor costs as low as possible, as the cost of plant equipment and materials were somewhat fixed. As the work became more mechanized, shoe factory jobs required less skill, and in the industry at large, positions were increasingly filled by women and children, who could be paid less. In 1911,

280-473: A character developed by cartoonist Richard F. Outcault they would use for marketing. As Brown Shoes grew, St. Louis became increasingly known as a center for shoe manufacturing, and competing factories set up in the city. In 1904, a deadly elevator accident occurred at a Brown Shoe factory in St. Louis. It happened on January 13 when a crowd of employees was waiting for the elevator at the factory and someone raised

336-840: A competency-based curriculum, building off of Nancy Carroll's critique of the School's decades of individualized, elective-heavy design. After an accreditation review that prompted an extensive community outreach effort in 1977, the CSWE approved the Brown School. Despite federal disinvestment from social programs under the Reagan Administration , the 1980s saw the Brown School financially stabilize, and by 1995, it had increased more than sevenfold from $ 5 million to $ 36 million. Khinduka also made efforts to attract new interest from international students and promote faculty producing research. This resulted in

392-724: A degree-granting school. Then University Chancellor, George Throop, resisted this proposal for several years. When Throop resigned in 1944, the Department appealed to the Board of Directors, establishing the George Warren Brown School of Social Work in the following year. Bruno was instrumental in boosting the public welfare administrator Benjamin E. Youngdahl to the deanship of the new school, although his candidacy had been challenged due to his perceived lack of academic training. Knowing this, Bruno continued to interview candidates from an interim leadership position until he could appeal to

448-489: A failure to raise fresh capital for a reorganization. Stock of the company was suspended on the St. Louis Stock Exchange on June 23, 1939. The last transaction saw shares sold for 20 cents each, after a peak when its stock sold for up to $ 60 a share. Opening a plant in Dyer, Tennessee , in 1941, Brown began moving production toward the traditionally non-Union south. In the 1940s, Brown's third president, Clark Gamble, began pushing

504-548: A population approach, the SMART Africa Center aims to improve child mental health by bringing together a diverse consortium of stakeholders. This consortium includes academic institutions, government agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and community partners from Ghana , Kenya , Uganda , South Africa , and the United States. Together, they focus on tackling the burden of child mental health and addressing service gaps in sub-Saharan Africa . The center emphasizes

560-448: A series of dual degree programs with other graduate schools at Washington University. In October of 2023, Washington University in St. Louis announced its intent to form an independent School of Public Health as part of a 10-year strategic plan entitled "Here and Next". This plan will eventually relocate the university's public health academic programs to the School of Public Health. The Brown School includes faculty conducting research in

616-560: A strike-breaking agency and infiltrating the unions themselves. The Illinois Federation of Labor forced a grand-jury investigation into Brown in 1935, after a union representative was almost tarred and feathered. There were no resultant indictments, although the Regional Labor Board in St. Louis did later issue a complaint, where they cited Brown for intimidation of employees using agents and officers, and unfair labor practices . The subsequent hearing revealed that John A. Bush had hired

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672-404: A subsidiary of Caleres. Its brands included Avia , Ryka and Nevados. In December 2016 Caleres acquired Allen Edmonds, a men's shoe company. Since 1904, Caleres (Brown Shoe Company) mascots have been cartoon characters Buster Brown and his dog Tige. Both appear on the company's television commercials . In the 1940s and '50s, they became stars of Buster Brown Comics when the company made

728-721: A suburb of St. Louis . Founded in 1878 as Bryan, Brown & Company in St. Louis, it underwent several name changes; for a time, the Hamilton-Brown Shoe Company was the largest manufacturer of shoes in America. It went bankrupt in June 1939. In the 1970s, Brown operated Famous Footwear , Cloth World fabric stores, Bottom Half jeans stores, and Meis department stores. On May 27, 2015, Brown Shoe changed its name to Caleres. Current brands include Famous Footwear , Sam Edelman, Allen Edmonds , Naturalizer, and Vionic. The company

784-409: A survey of shoe workers in St. Louis found that over half were between the ages of 14 and 19, with an average wage for a girl under 16 less than $ 10 a week. In response to the poor working conditions at shoe factories in the St. Louis area, including Brown Shoes', workers formed unions; the moderate Boot and Shoe Workers Union was followed by the more radical United Shoe Workers of America . The latter

840-602: The Great Depression of the 1930s the company struggled to keep costs down, and workers' wages dropped, with a government investigation finding that workers at one plant were paid as little as "$ 2.50 and $ 3.00 for a 60-hour week." During this time the company also remained fiercely anti-union, even closing a plant in Vincennes, Indiana , in 1933 when the workers there held a strike for recognition. The company also reportedly used physical intimidation against union organizers, hiring

896-544: The New York Stock Exchange in 1913. Starting in 1917, the company secured lucrative military contracts with the United States government . The company encountered a crisis in 1920, when a rise in hemlines made many of Brown's high-topped shoes unfashionable and overstocked. The company had to go to Boston to secure credit from a bank, and the company then did well until the stock market crash of 1929 . During

952-568: The University of Chicago 's Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy, and Practice in 2004. During his deanship, Lawlor oversaw the creation of Hillman Hall, which again doubled the Brown School's space on the Washington University campus. The School also established partnerships with Fudan University in Shanghai. Throughout this time, Lawlor and the Brown School played a critical role in

1008-629: The "Brown Shoe" name for a future line of men's footwear. The name Caleres comes from the Latin word calēre which means to glow with passion or intensity. The *5* that is part of the new logo was taken from a wear indicator stamp that was on the bottom of all shoes in the late 1800s that represented the company’s promise of comfort and fit. The company paid $ 5 to the wearer if the stamp wore out. Caleres purchased Allen Edmonds for $ 255 million in December 2016 from Brentwood Associates . As of November 2018,

1064-640: The 1980s. In 1985 the company divested itself of its recreational products operations, leaving its focus largely on shoe retailing and manufacturing, with a quarter of operations in other stores. Around that time, Brown began to move away from manufacturing and toward shoe importing, acquiring Arnold Dunn, Inc., an importer, in 1984, and in 1986, the company acquired Pagoda Trading Company, an importing firm based in Asia. In 1988, Brown began to concentrate marketing on its well-known brands such as Connie, Naturalizer, and Buster Brown, while discontinuing its marginal lines. In 1989

1120-614: The A.A. Ahner detective agency in 1934, an agency known for strike-breaking . In 1936, Brown was cited by the National Labor Relations Board for violating the Wagner Act over the company dissolving the Salem local union, but Brown would not reinstate workers fired for union activity. The Fair Labor Standard Act of 1938 mandated that the remaining Brown workers receive higher wages. The company went bankrupt in June 1939, after

1176-611: The Brown Group, Inc. It continued to acquire companies in children's products and sports and recreation. In the 1970s, Brown operated Famous Footwear , Cloth World fabric stores, Bottom Half jeans stores, and Meis department stores. In February 1979, it was reported that Brown Group, then the largest American producer of namebrand footwear, was petitioning for price relief from the federal government. After closing its St. Louis warehouse in 1980, Brown began adjusting its business strategy to deal with pressure from cheap imports throughout

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1232-602: The Brown School becoming recognized in 1991 as the most published faculty body in the country between 1977-1987, as well as the origin of "evidence-based practice" as a central theme in national social work discourse. The 1990s saw the opening of several research centers at the Brown School. This included the Center for Mental Health Services Research, the Center for Social Development , and the Kathryn M. Buder Center for American Indian Studies,

1288-947: The Brown School underwent a transitional period with the installation of two interim Co-Deans, Rodrigo Reis and Tonya Edmond, who served in those roles from late 2021 to summer 2023. Following a national search, Dorian Traube succeeded as the Neidorff Family and Centene Corporation Dean of the Brown School in August 2023, arriving from the USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work . The School offers professional programs in Master of Social Work (MSW), Master of Public Health (MPH), and Master of Social Policy (MSP) degrees. It also provides PhD programs in Social Work and Public Health Sciences. Optionally, graduate students can enroll in one

1344-474: The CSWE criticized what it perceived as unresponsiveness to larger changes in social work education as well as Vasey's involvement in national politics. Despite vigorous defense from the faculty, Vasey resigned to teach at the University of Michigan following a series of critical letters from Chancellor Thomas H. Eliot . Ralph Garber was chosen as dean in 1968. The School convened a series of working groups that resulted in an increased number of elective courses,

1400-519: The Department of Sociology in the College of Liberal Arts. In the following year, the program transferred to the School of Commerce and Finance, which was then renamed the School of Business and Public Administration. In 1928, the Department of Social Work was established with money from the estate of George Warren Brown, a prominent St. Louis shoe manufacturer, at the bequest of his wife, Betty Hood Bofinger Brown. The Department of Social Work expanded over

1456-542: The Institute for Public Health and other medical research centers. Built in 1937, Brown Hall was the first academic building in the United States dedicated to social work education. From 1937-1945, Brown Hall included the offices of historians, political scientists, anthropologists, and sociologists. In 1945, the building became the official location of the newly endowed George Warren Brown School. Decades later, in 1998, Washington University dedicated Goldfarb Hall. This doubled

1512-421: The School had awarded 520 graduate degrees in its first seven years. By the end of Youngdahl's deanship in 1962, the Brown School conferred 757 Master of Social Work degrees and 12 Doctor of Social Work degrees. Wayne Vasey was chosen as the new dean in 1961. He began advocating for a series of curricular reforms introducing courses in social policy and economic development to address criticisms of social work in

1568-466: The United States at the time. Existing faculty resisted these changes, and implementation was further slowed by a controversial, year-long leave of absence taken by Vasey in 1964 to lead the St. Louis Human Development Corportation, a newly-formed, local anti-poverty organization. In November 1966, the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) visited to conduct an accreditation review. While the School passed,

1624-485: The United States. In 1959, a U.S. District Court in St. Louis deemed Brown guilty of anti-trust violations, and the company was ordered to sell Kinney. The ruling was upheld in 1962, at which point Brown was the number-one manufacturer in the shoe industry. Afterwards, Kinney was sold to F. W. Woolworth . For a time, the Hamilton-Brown Shoe Company was the largest manufacturer of shoes in America. In 1959,

1680-789: The board beginning February 2, 2014. In January 2023, Jay Schmidt took over the role of CEO and Sullivan moved into a position of Executive Chairman. Mike Edwards serves as president of Famous Footwear. Sam Edelman is division president of the eponymous Sam Edelman brand. Dan Friedman is division president of the company’s global supply chain, and Jack Calandra serves as CFO. Current brands include Famous Footwear , Naturalizer, Dr. Scholl’s Shoes , LifeStride , Bzees, Blowfish Malibu, Circus by Sam Edelman, Rykä , Sam Edelman, Allen Edmonds , Franco Sarto, Vince, Vionic Shoes, Life Stride, Zodiac, and Veronica Beard. Caleres also formerly managed Via Spiga and Carlos by Carlos Santana . As of February 2011, American Sporting Goods Corporation operated as

1736-445: The company closed 100 Naturalizer stores and remodeled 700 Famous Footwear outlets. The company had a loss of $ 4 million in 2001, and a $ 45.2 million profit in 2002. In the first half of 2003, Brown's stock value increased nearly 80 percent. At the end of that year, Brown signed a licensing deal to design and market footwear under Phillips-Van Heusen Corp.'s Bass label. On May 27, 2015, Brown Shoe changed its name to Caleres, retaining

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1792-448: The company continues to be based in Clayton, Missouri . Caleres operates 900 Famous Footwear stores in the United States. The company also distributes brands through retailers, and licensing Dr. Scholl's and Disney brand footwear. Diane M. Sullivan served as president and CEO of Caleres from May 2011 until January 2023, after joining as president in 2003. She also became chairwoman of

1848-671: The company had acquired Perth Shoe Company in Canada, and in 1965, Brown bought the Samuels Shoe Company. After doing well in the 1960s, in 1969 Brown's earnings dropped 25% after a 1968 flood of imports into the US shoe industry. W. L. Hadley Griffin became the company's president in 1969 and began diversifying into areas beyond shoes. In 1970 Brown acquired the importer Italia Bootwear, Ltd. After acquiring Eagle Rubber Company, Kent Sporting Goods, and other companies, in 1972 Brown changed its name to

1904-535: The company into retailing. Becoming president in 1948 after John Bush, Gamble in 1950 initiated a merger with Wohl Shoes, which wholesaled mostly women's shoes in 2,500 stores in North America and Cuba. In 1953, Brown acquired the large retail chain Regal Shoes, and in 1956 it acquired G. R. Kinney Corporation, then the largest operator of family shoe stores. At the time, Brown was the fourth-largest shoe manufacturer in

1960-522: The company sold all of its non-footwear retail operations except for the Cloth World chain. In the early 1990s, Brown closed six of its domestic shoe plants, and in 1993 it began to close its Wohl Leased Shoe Department operation. In 1995, the last Brown Group-owned shoe factory in the United States closed, leaving the company with only two manufacturing plants in Canada. It sold three of its five headquarters buildings and its Cloth World chain. 35 percent of

2016-501: The conversion of the DSW degree into a PhD program, and a commitment to increase Black student enrollment. While Garber's tenure resulted in institutional change, dissent among faculty continued. The Brown School also began operating in a financial deficit, with a majority of its monies coming from federal grant funding. Garber resigned in January 1973. Chancellor William Danforth , concerned about

2072-523: The creation of Washington University's Institute for Public Health. Accordingly, the School's Master of Public Health program enrolled its first class in 2009. Lawlor concluded his tenure in 2016 and was succeeded by Mary McKernan McKay from New York University . Following Dean McKay's transition to the Washington University Office of the Provost as Vice Provost of Interdisciplinary Initiatives,

2128-507: The disciplines of social work, public health, and social policy. Similarly, its research centers represent scientific study across a number of areas. The Center focuses on urgent needs in the field and employs collaborative approaches relevant to real-world situations. Notably, two research projects aim to enhance maltreatment screening capacity using innovative strategies. This includes utilizing integrated administrative data to inform child welfare and multi-system responses, as well as improving

2184-469: The elevator gate, causing 10 people to fall down the shaft. At least 8 people were killed and the other 2 were described as "fatally injured." It's unclear if they succumbed to their injuries. By 1902, Brown Shoe had five factories operating in St. Louis, and in 1907, the company set up its first plant out of the city, where labor was cheaper in Moberly, Missouri . In 1907, the company moved its headquarters to

2240-460: The first academic research center dedicated to American Indian health in the United States. In 1998, the Brown School and Washington University dedicated Alvin Goldfarb Hall, a four-story building that doubled the capacity of the school. Following multiple years of financial and faculty growth, Khinduka retired in 2004 after 30 years as dean. The University acquired Edward F. Lawlor, the dean of

2296-624: The funds to found Bryan, Brown and Company to make women’s shoes, with Alvin L. Bryan and Jerome Desnoyers also as investors. The company hired five skilled shoemakers from Rochester, New York , to start the factory in St. Louis, and it grew quickly. In 1878, it had sales of $ 110,000. In 1881, it was incorporated as the Bryan Brown Shoe Company. In 1886, the company became the Brown-Desnoyers Shoe Company, after Mr. Bryan retired. In 1893, Mr. J.B. Desnoyers also retired, and

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2352-421: The illustration, "Physical" was on the left, "Mental" on top, "Social" on right and "Religious" on the bottom. To be healthy, you needed the four squares to stay in balance and one area was not to develop at expense of the other. The concept became intertwined with the company in 1921 when it began selling feed that was pressed in cubes called "checkers." The Christian Science Monitor named I Dare You! as one of

2408-621: The implementation and expansion of evidence-based practices to achieve its goals. The Brown School is located on Washington University's Danforth Campus , a 169-acre area shared with the School of Law , School of Arts & Sciences , Olin Business School , McKelvey School of Engineering , and Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts . Research also occurs at the Washington University School of Medicine through partnerships with

2464-489: The interim Chancellor, Harry Brookings Wallace . Bruno succeeded, and Youngdahl became the inaugural Dean of the Brown School in 1945. A ten-year development plan was presented by Youngdahl to Chancellor Arthur H. Compton in January 1947. The Brown School began recruiting faculty for a program in "economic well-being and the deeper source of happiness that is self-realization". This included focuses on social work with groups and psychiatric social work ( clinical social work ),

2520-457: The investment firm FTL Capital Partners. It is notable for its Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Platinum certification. It is estimated to be 41% more energy efficient than buildings of comparable size. Brown Shoe Company Caleres Inc. is an American footwear company that owns and operates a variety of footwear brands. Its headquarters is located in Clayton, Missouri ,

2576-474: The latter of which garnered significant grant funding from the American Association of Schools of Social Work thanks to the efforts of early faculty member Margaret Williams. From 1946-1947, Youngdahl, Stuart Queen, and the faculty vigorously petitioned Compton to admit Black students to the Brown School. They succeeded, and a cohort of eight Black women matriculated as graduate students in 1948. By 1952,

2632-535: The name was changed to Brown Shoe Company. In 1895, the Brown Shoe Company factory had about six hundred employees who could make five thousand pairs of shoes and boots a day. The company competed as Brown shoes were sold throughout the Midwest at prices lower than New England shoes, and by 1900 the company was growing at a rate of $ 1 million a year. Four years later the company bought the rights to Buster Brown ,

2688-453: The next ten years to employ nine full-time and 15 part-time faculty members teaching 65 courses. In response to its size, Washington University dedicated Brown Hall to the Department in 1937. This was unprecedented at the time, as no other North American university had constructed a building solely for social work education. As Bruno planned his retirement, he drafted an ordinance to graduate the social work program from an academic department to

2744-579: The overall workforce at Brown was fired, eliminating 8,500 jobs. Brown then acquired the Larry Stuart Collection and the Le Coq Sportif brand in 1995. The following year, Brown signed license agreements to market athletic footwear under the Russell and Penn brand names. After operating from 1972 until 1999 as the Brown Group, it became Brown Shoe again in 1999. As part of a restructuring, in 2002

2800-591: The school's capacity. The building was named after Alvin Goldfarb, a St. Louis area philanthropist who was the former president of Worth Stores and chairman the Jewish Federation of St. Louis. Hillman Hall, a third facility, was dedicated in 2015. The 105,000 square-foot building was designed by Moore Ruble Yudell . It is named for Jennifer Hillman, owner of the Images and Ideas design agency, and Thomas Hillman, founder of

2856-596: The science of newborn screening for maltreatment risk and engaging new parents in supportive services. ICHAD conducts meticulous applied research centered around interventions that strengthen families economically and empower them. These interventions aim to address the complex interplay between poverty, disease, and health-related risks affecting youth. The center also strives to raise public awareness and garner support for social programs that build upon existing assets. Additionally, ICHAD advocates for evidence-based policies and programming informed by research findings. Through

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2912-504: The state of the Brown School amid what faculty member Ralph Pumphrey described as "the verge of disintegration" with "standing committees ground to a halt", appointed Ronald Feldman as acting dean with the task of finding new leadership to stabilize its reputation. Shanti Khinduka, the Assistant Dean of Social Work at Saint Louis University accepted the deanship in 1974. During his tenure, Khinduka convened faculty and students to instate

2968-602: The top 10 self-help books of all time. Through the Danforth Foundation , he subsidized the construction of 24 Danforth Chapels on college campuses around the United States, and one in Japan. Berea College , which Danforth attended, has one of them. It is part of the Draper Building. The outer wall contains stones from Danforth's personal collection, obtained from various locations of historic importance. Danforth's son

3024-575: Was a co-founder of the American Youth Foundation (AYF) and the author of the book, I Dare You! . Danforth was raised in Charleston, Missouri . He graduated from Washington University in St. Louis . Ralston's checkerboard logo evolved from a personal development concept Danforth put forth in his book I Dare You! (1931), in which he used a checkerboard to explain it. Danforth proposed that four key components in life need to be in balance. In

3080-645: Was associated with the Industrial Workers of the World . Strikes led to anti-union activities among workers as well, and the creation of the anti-union propaganda organization Citizens Industrial Association in St. Louis. Partly in response to the union activity, Brown Shoe Company increasingly turned to labor in the small towns in the surrounding area. With management remaining in St. Louis, the company secured tax subsidies from various towns to open factories in rural Missouri and Illinois . Brown Shoe Company debuted on

3136-623: Was created in St. Louis and was originally named Bryan, Brown & Company after its founders George Warren Brown and Alvin Bryan. The company began business in 1878 and incorporated in 1881 as Bryan-Brown Shoe Company. Founder George Warren Brown moved from New York to St. Louis in 1873 to work in his older brother’s shoe business, and saw potential for shoe manufacturing in St. Louis. At that point, most shoes were manufactured in New England. After four years in his brother’s wholesale shoe business, Brown had

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