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Port Hamilton

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Komundo or Port Hamilton , officially Geomun-do ( Korean :  거문도 ; Hanja :  巨文島/巨門島 ; RR :  Geomun-do ), is a small group of islands in the Jeju Strait off the southern coast of the Korean Peninsula , located approximately at 34°1′35″N 127°18′45″E  /  34.02639°N 127.31250°E  / 34.02639; 127.31250 . The islands are 12 km (4.6 sq mi). There are three principal islands, the two larger ones, Sodo to the west ( Seo-do , 서도, 西島) and Sunhodo to the east ( Dong-do , 동도, 東島) forming a harbor with the smaller island in the center. On this central island, Observatory Island (or Go-do , 고도, 古島), there was a British naval base from 1885 to 1887.

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12-667: Today, the islands form a part of Samsan-myeon, Yeosu City, South Jeolla Province of South Korea, with the Samsan township offices located on Observation Island. The islands are also part of the Dadohaehaesang National Park . Port Hamilton was surveyed in 1845 by British naval officer Sir Edward Belcher in HMS Samarang and was named after the then secretary of the Admiralty, Captain W. A. B. Hamilton. The spacious harbour

24-639: A counterbalance to the Russian naval base at Vladivostok . By occupying Port Hamilton, the British could prevent Russian advances in east Asia, and block Russian naval activity in the Korea Strait . The British built a few buildings and defensive works and introduced pheasants to the islands. Permission was obtained from China for a cable to be landed at Saddle Island (at the mouth of the Yangtze River ). From there,

36-449: A media center, an electric power station, a space experience hall (visitor center) and a landing field. On New Year's Day in 1963, some of the townships were classed from Bongrae-myeon to other myeons such as Dohwa-myeon, Podu-myeon and so on. In 1973 and 1979, two of the townships were promoted to eups (towns) Goheung is located in one of the southernmost areas of the Korean peninsula. It

48-539: Is a county in Jeollanam-do Province, South Korea. The Naro Space Center was completed during 2008 in southern Goheung 34°25′55″N 127°32′06″E  /  34.431867°N 127.535069°E  / 34.431867; 127.535069 and is operated by the state-run Korea Aerospace Research Institute . The space center includes a launch pad , a control tower , rocket assembly and test facilities, facilities for satellite control testing and assembly,

60-586: Is a myeon (township) in Yeosu , a city in South Jeolla Province , South Korea . The township is located in the south-western part of the city with a total area of 27.48 square kilometres (10.61 sq mi). The population was recorded to be 2643 people, 1438 males and 1205 females, and the number of houses totaled 1261. The myeon office is located in 28–10, Geomun-gil in Geomun-ri. There are Jeju Province in

72-477: The cable could be connected to the main telegraphic network at Shanghai , thus enabling telegraph communication with Port Hamilton. After the Russian threat had diminished the British demolished the base and left on 27 February 1887, though they continued to frequent the islands, in one case burying a young sailor there. The visits were less frequent after 1910, when the Japanese Empire annexed Korea. Until

84-703: The end of World War II , a Japanese graveyard stood in Port Hamilton. When Japanese claims to the islands were specifically renounced in the Treaty of San Francisco , the Japanese graves were removed, but the British graveyard of ten British soldiers remains up to this day and has become a tourist attraction. Personnel of the British embassy have visited on occasion to pay their respects. The British Ambassador visited most recently in May 2021. Ten British sailors and marines are buried on

96-498: The islands including two sailors from HMS Albatross who were killed in March 1886 when their gun exploded, and a young sailor, Alex Wood from HMS Albion , who died in 1903. Samsan-myeon, Yeosu Samsan-myeon ( Korean :  삼산면 ; Hanja :  三山面 ; RR :  Samsan-myeon ; MR :  Samsan-myŏn ; lit.  three mountains), also called Samsan Township , or Samsan for short,

108-617: The south-west of the myeon; mainland of Yeosu in the north-east; Goheung County in the north; and Wando County in the north-east. There is Geomundo/Baekdo zone of Dadohaehaesang National Park in Geomundo and Baekdo . The name of the myeon, Samsan, which means three mountains, is from three main islands in Geomumdo which looked like three mountains: Seodo, Dongdo, and Godo. It was subordinated in Heungyang-hyeon (currently, Goheung-gun) and

120-654: The southern Korean coast, and although it appears that such facilities were offered by the Korean government, nothing was done." In April 1885, Port Hamilton was occupied by three ships of the British Royal Navy on orders from the Admiralty in what is known as the Port Hamilton Incident . This was to forestall Russian advances in the face of the Panjdeh Incident in Afghanistan . Port Hamilton served as

132-526: Was also noted for its strategic importance by others, such as Russian Vice-Admiral Yevfimy Putyatin , who visited the islands several times and obtained permission from natives in 1857 to establish a coal depot, though due to delays in the delivery of the coal, the plan was abandoned. Although the United States Secretary of the Navy "in 1884 urged the establishment of a naval station at Port Hamilton, off

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144-1571: Was called Samdo ( Korean :  삼도 ; lit.  three islands) in 1396. Samsan-myeon was established in 1908. It was subordinate in Yeosu-gun in 1914. It was subordinate in Yeocheon-gun in 1949. Chodo and Sonjuk branch office were established in May 1965. It was subordinated in Yeosu-si on 1 April 1998, because Yeocheon-gun was merged to Yeosu-si with Yeocheon-si. Samsan-myeon has six jurisdictions and ten administrative districts. Geomun-ri ( Korean :  거문리 ) has one administrative district: Geomun-ri. It controls Godo of Geomundo , and Baekdo . It has myeon office. Deokchon-ri ( Korean :  덕촌리 ) has one administrative district: Deokchon-ri. It controls southern part of Seodo of Geomundo . Dongdo-ri ( Korean :  동도리 ) has two administrative districts: Yuchon, and Jukchon. It controls Dongdo of Geomundo , and Sambudo . Seodo-ri ( Korean :  서도리 ) has two administrative districts: Seodo, and Byeonchon. It controls northern part of Seodo of Geomundo . Sonjuk-ri ( Korean :  손죽리 ) has one administrative district: Sonjuk-ri. It controls Sonjukdo , Sogeomundo , Pyeongdo , and Gwangdo Chodo-ri ( Korean :  초도리 ) has three administrative districts: Daedong, Uiseong, and Jinmak. It controls Chodo . Goheung County Goheung County ( Korean :  고흥군 ; RR :  Goheung-gun )

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