Misplaced Pages

#840159

67-568: The group that first chose the Marathon tribune as the "Legendary Marathon" was later deployed to the Migros tribune due to problems that arose. However, when the rebuilding of Şükrü Saraçoğlu came to the agenda, the group spread to the stadium. GFB, which was centrally located in Maraton Upper A block from 2009 to 2012, completely moved to Türk Telekom (Okul Açık) tribune in the 2012-2013 season. Although it

134-542: A friendly relationship with Bosnian club FK Novi Pazar 's supporters Torcida Sandžak . During a Turkish Süper Lig match against İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyespor at the Şükrü Saraçoğlu Stadium , the GFB and 1907 Gençlik stand deployed a giant banner reading "Kalbimiz Seninle Novi Pazar" (Novi Pazar, Our Heart Is With You) and after then in Radnicki Kragujevac match of Serbian SuperLiga , Torcida Sandžak stand deployed

201-546: A giant banner reading "Sancak'ta atıyor, Fenerbahçe'nin kalbi" (Heartbeating of Fenerbahçe in Sandžak). On March 2, 2012, Fenerbahçe's GFB and 1907 Gençlik supporters groups members invited to FK Novi Pazar for Partizan match in Serbian SuperLiga . Thousands Torcida Sandžak member welcomed GFB and 1907 Gençlik's 17 members. There is an informal friendship and fraternization between the fans of Greek team AEK and Fener. In

268-717: A halt in 2012. As early as 1997 Professor Servet Bayram and Professor Barbara Seels said that there was 10 million Turks living in Western Europe and the Balkans (i.e. excluding Cyprus and Turkey). By 2010, Boris Kharkovsky from the Center for Ethnic and Political Science Studies said that there was up to 15 million Turks living in the European Union . According to Dr Araks Pashayan 10 million "Euro-Turks" alone were living in Germany, France ,

335-805: A mild, generally humid climate, influenced by the North Atlantic Current . Western Europe is a heatwave hotspot, exhibiting upward trends that are three-to-four times faster compared to the rest of the northern midlatitudes. Western European languages mostly fall within two Indo-European language families: the Romance languages , descended from the Latin of the Roman Empire ; and the Germanic languages , whose ancestor language ( Proto-Germanic ) came from southern Scandinavia . Romance languages are spoken primarily in

402-721: A report by The Age estimated that the Turkish Australian community numbered 150,000. By 2013 Louise Asher , who was a member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly , said that the Turkish Australian community in Melbourne alone had numbered 300,000. More recently, the number of Turkish Australians who originate from Turkey reached 200,000 in 2017; in addition, the Turkish Cypriot -Australian community

469-504: A report published in L1mburg Centraal estimated that there are more than 2 million Dutch-Turks. Voetbal International also reported in 2020 that the Dutch football club Fortuna Sittard will be carrying out annual scouting activities to find "Turkish talent" among the approximately 2 million Turkish-Dutch community. In 2009 The Sophia Echo reported that Bulgarian Turks were now

536-712: Is a multilingual thesaurus maintained by the Publications Office of the European Union . In this thesaurus, the countries of Europe are grouped into sub-regions. The following countries are included in the sub-group Western Europe: The Western European and Others Group is one of several unofficial Regional Groups in the United Nations that act as voting blocs and negotiation forums. Regional voting blocs were formed in 1961 to encourage voting to various UN bodies from different regional groups. The European members of

603-759: Is a system devised by the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) which divides the countries of the world into regional and subregional groups, based on the M49 coding classification . The partition is for statistical convenience and does not imply any assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories. In the UN geoscheme, the following countries are classified as Western Europe: The CIA classifies seven countries as belonging to "Western Europe": The CIA also classifies three countries as belonging to "Southwestern Europe": EuroVoc

670-527: Is growing. – Canadian Ambassador Chris Cooter (2018) The "Federation of Canadian Turkish Associations" and the "Federation of Chinese Canadians in Markham" have also reported that there was over 100,000 Turkish Canadians living in the country. According to statistics, there are likely around 27,000 people of Turkish ancestry in Venezuela. This refers to people who are either descendants of immigrants who came from

737-886: Is known that Germany , Austria , the Netherlands and France all have larger Turkish diaspora communities than the UK. In 2009 the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs said that there was almost 100,000 people with a Turkish background living in Sweden . More recently, in 2018 the Swedish Consul General, Therese Hyden, said that the population was now around 150,000. In 2017 there was over 120,000 Turks living in Switzerland . They mostly live in German-speaking regions, especially in

SECTION 10

#1732873242841

804-589: Is over 1 million Turks living in the Balkan countries (i.e. Bosnia and Herzegovina , Bulgaria , Croatia , Greece , Kosovo , Montenegro , North Macedonia , Romania and Serbia ). Since the 20th century, these ethnic Turkish communities have also migrated to Western Europe and have enlarged the Turkish diaspora significantly (e.g. Algerian Turks have mostly settled in France; Bulgarian Turks have migrated mostly to Germany,

871-879: Is the first Turkish leader to take the Turkish diaspora seriously, which has created friction within these diaspora communities and between the Turkish government and several of its European counterparts. The Turkish-Germans are the largest ethnic minority group in Germany and also the largest Turkish community in the Turkish diaspora. The German census counts around three million Turks living in Germany. This does not only count those born in Turkey, but also descendants. The majority of ethnic Turks living in Germany have either arrived from or originate from Turkey ; however, there are also significant ethnic Turkish communities which have come from (or descend from) other post- Ottoman nation-states in

938-462: The 2017 Euroleague final , Fenerbahçe S.K. supporters displayed a banner which read "Same City's Sons" Turkish diaspora The Turkish diaspora ( Turkish : Türk diasporası or Türk gurbetçiler ) refers to ethnic Turkish people who have migrated from, or are the descendants of migrants from, the Republic of Turkey , Northern Cyprus or other modern nation-states that were once part of

1005-548: The Balkans (e.g. from Bulgaria , Greece , Kosovo , North Macedonia and Romania ), the island of Cyprus , and more recently from Iraq , Lebanon , and Syria . In 2014 Professor Pierre Vermeren  [ fr ] reported in L'Express that the Turkish population was around 800,000. However, an earlier academic publication in 2010 by Dr Jean-Gustave Hentz and Dr Michel Hasselmann said that there were already 1 million Turks living in France. Professor İzzet Er, as well as

1072-467: The Balkans (especially from Bulgaria and Greece ), as well as from the island of Cyprus , and Lebanon . More recently, since the European migrant crisis (2014–19), there has also been a significant increase in the number of ethnic Turks from Syria , Iraq and Kosovo who have come to Germany. The Turks living in France form one of the largest Turkish communities in Western Europe. Official data on

1139-732: The Catholic Church , and Eastern Europe primarily under the Eastern Orthodox Church . Ever since the Reformation in the 16th century, Protestantism has also been a major denomination in Europe, with Eastern Protestant and Eastern Catholic denominations also emerging in Central and Eastern Europe . During the four decades of the Cold War , the definition of East and West was simplified by

1206-648: The Cold War , when Europe was divided for 40 years by the Iron Curtain into the Western Bloc and Eastern Bloc , each characterised by distinct political and economical systems. Prior to the Roman conquest, a large part of Western Europe had adopted the newly developed La Tène culture . As the Roman domain expanded, a cultural and linguistic division appeared between the mainly Greek -speaking eastern provinces, which had formed

1273-601: The French-Armenian politician Garo Yalic (who is an advisor to Valerie Boyer ), also said that there were 1,000,000 Turks in France in 2011 and 2012 respectively. More recently, the Turkish-French population has been estimated to be more than one million according to French-published articles in Le Petit Journal (2019) and Marianne (2020). The Turkish-Dutch community form the largest ethnic minority group in

1340-756: The Levant ; Cypriot Turks have a significant diaspora in the English-speaking countries (especially the UK and Australia ); the Meskhetian Turks have a large diaspora in Central Asia ; and Algerian Turks and Tunisian Turks have mostly settled in France . Since Bulgarian Turks and Romanian Turks gained EU citizenship in 2007 , their diasporas in Western Europe significantly increased once restrictions on movement came to

1407-656: The National Statistical Institute showed that there were 1,363 Turks legally living in Portugal . In addition, between 2002 and 2020, 270 Turks acquired Portuguese citizenship . Luxembourg does not formally collect ethnic or racial data of its citizens, however according to the Turkish embassy in Luxembourg, about 1,000 Turkish nationals were living in Luxembourg around the time of the 2017 Turkish referendum . Close to 10,000 Turkish people voted from Luxembourg,

SECTION 20

#1732873242841

1474-557: The Netherlands . The majority of Dutch Turks descend from the Republic of Turkey ; however there has also been significant Turkish migration waves from other post- Ottoman countries including ethnic Turkish communities which have come to the Netherlands from the Balkans (e.g. especially from Bulgaria , Greece , and North Macedonia ), the island of Cyprus , and more recently during the European migrant crisis from Syria , Iraq and Kosovo . In addition, there has been migration to

1541-848: The Ottoman Empire before 1923 or who came from the Republic of Turkey since then. Additionally, Turks who immigrated from countries neighboring Turkey are also counted in this figure. It's likely that most of the Turkish Venezuelans trace their ancestry to immigrants from the Ottoman Empire, who arrived to Venezuela at the same time most of the Arab diaspora in South America had emigrated as well. According to Brazilian statistics, there are 2,902 Turkish-born people living in Brazil as of 2024. In 1994

1608-597: The Ottoman Empire , including Palestine , Syria , Arabia , and Egypt . Furthermore, some Turkish/Kouloughli families also settled in Morocco (such as in Tangier and Tétouan ). In regards to modern migration, there are many Algerian Turks who have emigrated to Europe and, hence, make up part of Algeria's diaspora. For example, there is a noticeable Algerian community of Turkish descent living in England . Many Algerians attend

1675-755: The Premier of the Soviet Union , Joseph Stalin . Post-war Europe was divided into two major spheres: the Western Bloc , influenced by the United States , and the Eastern Bloc , influenced by the Soviet Union . With the onset of the Cold War, Europe was divided by the Iron Curtain . This term had been used during World War II by German Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels and, later, Count Lutz Schwerin von Krosigk in

1742-671: The Renaissance and the Age of Discovery , roughly from the 15th century, the concept of Europe as "the West " slowly became distinguished from and eventually replaced the dominant use of "Christendom" as the preferred endonym within the area. By the Age of Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution , the concepts of " Eastern Europe " and "Western Europe" were more regularly used. The distinctiveness of Western Europe became most apparent during

1809-593: The Suleymaniye Mosque which is owned by the British-Turkish community. There are also thousands of Algerian Turks living in France . Germany , Switzerland , the Netherlands , Belgium , Canada , and Spain are also top receiving countries of Algerian citizens. Most Iraqi Turkmen migrate to Turkey followed by Germany , Denmark , and Sweden . There are also Iraqi Turkmen communities living in Canada ,

1876-790: The United Kingdom . It was further revisited in 1954 at the Paris Conference , when the Western European Union was established. It was declared defunct in 2011 after the Treaty of Lisbon , and the Treaty of Brussels was terminated. When the Western European Union was dissolved, it had 10 member countries. Additionally, it had 6 associate member countries, 7 associate partner countries and 5 observer countries. The United Nations geoscheme

1943-684: The United States , Australia , New Zealand , Greece , the Netherlands , and the United Kingdom . There are many established Iraqi Turkmen diaspora communities, such as the Canadian Iraqi Turkmen Culture Association, based in Canada. Due to the numerous wars in Lebanon since the 1970s onwards, many Lebanese Turks have sought refuge in Turkey and Europe , particularly in Germany . Indeed, many Lebanese Turks were aware of

2010-452: The CIA classification a little more liberally and including "South-Western Europe", would give the following calculation of Western Europe's population. The Hague is the seat of government The climate of Western Europe varies from Mediterranean in the coasts of Italy , Portugal and Spain to alpine in the Pyrenees and the Alps . The Mediterranean climate of the south is dry and warm. The western and northwestern parts have

2077-427: The Far West". The term was still in use in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Christianity is the largest religion in Western Europe. According to a 2018 study by the Pew Research Center , 71.0% of Western Europeans identified as Christians. In 1054, the East–West Schism divided Christianity into Western Christianity and Eastern Christianity . This split Europe in two, with Western Europe primarily under

Genç Fenerbahçeliler - Misplaced Pages Continue

2144-673: The Netherlands and Belgium in 2012. Furthermore, there are significant Turkish communities living in Austria , the UK , Switzerland , Italy , Liechtenstein and the Scandinavian countries. Meanwhile, approximately 400,000 Meskhetian Turks live in the European regions of the Post-Soviet states (i.e. Azerbaijan , Georgia , Kazakhstan , Russia and Ukraine ). In addition to the modern Turkish diaspora in Europe, there are also traditional Turkish communities in post- Ottoman nation-states. For example, Turkish Cypriots and Turkish settlers living in North Cyprus number around 300,000 to 500,000. In addition, in Southeastern Europe there

2211-552: The Netherlands from the Turkish diaspora; many Turkish-Belgians and Turkish-Germans have arrived in the country as Belgian and German citizens. The Dutch official census only collects data on country of birth, rather than ethnically; consequently, the total number of ethnic Turkish migrants (regardless of country of birth) nor the third, fourth or fifth generation of the Turkish-Dutch community have been collectively counted. Assistant Professor Suzanne Aalberse, Professor Ad Backus and Professor Pieter Muysken have said that "over

2278-475: The Netherlands, and Sweden; Turkish Cypriots have a large population in the UK; Macedonian Turks have migrated mostly to Sweden; Tunisian Turks have migrated mostly to France and Italy; and Western Thrace Turks have mostly migrated to Germany and the Netherlands). More recently, since the " European migrant crisis " (2014–20), Iraqi Turks , Kosovo Turks and Syrian Turks have also settled in areas where there are large Turkish diasporas. Consequently, within

2345-416: The Turkish government grant them Turkish citizenship . Western Europe Western Europe is the western region of Europe . The region's extent varies depending on context. The concept of "the West" appeared in Europe in juxtaposition to "the East" and originally applied to the ancient Mediterranean world, the Roman Empire (both Western and Eastern ), and medieval " Christendom ". Beginning with

2412-409: The USA claim that there are at least 3,000,000 people of Turkish origin living in the United States, including Turkish Americans as well as new Turkish migrant workers, students and illegal migrants. Consequently, since the twenty-first century, the Turkish American population is fast approaching the significant number of Turks in Germany because most students, expats, etc. decide to live permanently in

2479-545: The United States. According to the 2016 Canadian census, 63,955 people voluntarily declared their ethnicity as "Turkish". However, in 2018, the Canadian Ambassador Chris Cooter said that there was approximately 100,000 Turkish Canadians living in the country, as well as several thousand Turkish students: We have a growing Turkish diaspora and they’re doing very well in Canada. We think it’s 100,000, largely in Toronto . We have several thousand Turkish students in Canada as well. We are trying to make sure that two-way relationship

2546-420: The age of 0 and 55. In 2022 there were about 430.000 Turks in the Netherlands. The third generation is counted as autochthonous. Thus, the total number of people in the Netherlands with at least one grandparent born in Turkey in 2022 was at least 466.200. The Turkish community , including descendants, form the largest ethnic minority in Austria . In 2011 a report by the Initiative Minderheiten said that there

2613-607: The cantons of Zurich, Aargau and Basel. Figures on naturalization and migration from Turkey has been declining, however, the Swiss population with a Turkish background continues to grow. The Turkish community form the largest ethnic minority in Denmark . In 2008, it was estimated that Danes of Turkish origin numbered 70,000. In 2020 there were 50,000 Turkish citizens living in Italy ; however, this figure does not include naturalized Italian citizens of Turkish origin or their descendants. Between 2008 and 2020 some 5,295 Turkish citizens acquired Italian citizenship. In addition to

2680-467: The country, and most of them have sought refuge in neighbouring states and Western Europe. In particular, approximately 300,000 to 500,000 Syrian Turkmen have taken refuge in the Republic of Turkey . Moreover, there are between 125,000 and 150,000 Syrian Turkmen refugees in Lebanon , which means they outnumber the long-established Turkish minority in Lebanon . In 2020 it was reported that 1 million Syrian Turkmen were living in Turkey and demanding that

2747-475: The cultural and religious distinctiveness between Eastern and Western Europe. After the conquest of the Byzantine Empire , center of the Eastern Orthodox Church, by the Muslim Ottoman Empire in the 15th century, and the gradual fragmentation of the Holy Roman Empire (which had replaced the Carolingian Empire ), the division between Roman Catholic and Protestant became more important in Europe than that with Eastern Orthodoxy. In East Asia , Western Europe

Genç Fenerbahçeliler - Misplaced Pages Continue

2814-471: The diaspora, ethnic Turkish people now form the largest minority group in Austria , Denmark , Germany and the Netherlands . In March 2017, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan stated to the Turks in Europe, "Make not three, but five children. Because you are the future of Europe. That will be the best response to the injustices against you." This has been interpreted as an imperialist call for demographic warfare. According to The Economist , Erdoğan

2881-433: The diaspora, some of the population in Moena has identified as Turkish since the 17th century. In 2013 there were roughly 16,500 Norwegians of Turkish descent living in Norway . In 2010 Professor Zeki Kütük said that there was approximately 10,000 people of Turkish origin living in Finland . In 2013 data from the Institute of Public Affairs showed that there was 5,000 Turks living in Poland . In 2021 data from

2948-411: The existence of the Eastern Bloc . A number of historians and social scientists view the Cold War definition of Western and Eastern Europe as outdated or relegating. During the final stages of World War II , the future of Europe was decided between the Allies in the 1945 Yalta Conference , between the British Prime Minister , Winston Churchill , the U.S. President , Franklin D. Roosevelt , and

3015-415: The fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989. West Germany peacefully absorbed East Germany , in the German reunification . Comecon and the Warsaw Pact were dissolved, and in 1991, the Soviet Union ceased to exist. Several countries which had been part of the Soviet Union regained full independence. In 1948 the Treaty of Brussels was signed between Belgium , France , Luxembourg , the Netherlands and

3082-448: The fastest-growing group of immigrants in the Netherlands. The CBS gives a total number, 444.300 Turks in 2022, up from 271.500 in 1996. About half were born in the Netherlands (second generation) and the other half outside the Netherlands (first generation) The third generation, those who are born in the Netherlands including their parents but at least one grandparent not, was 36.200 in 2022. This only accounts for people being between

3149-431: The fifth largest ethnic group in the country. In 1996 Professor John J. Grabowski estimated that there was 500,000 Turks living in the United States . By 2009, Erdal Şafak said that the Turkish American community was approximately 850,000 to 900,000. More recently, in 2012 the former United States Secretary of Commerce , John Bryson , confirmed at the Center for American Progress that the Turkish American community

3216-403: The former Ottoman Empire . Therefore, the Turkish diaspora is not only formed by people with roots from mainland Anatolia and Eastern Thrace (i.e. the modern Turkish borders); rather, it is also formed of Turkish communities which have also left traditional areas of Turkish settlements in the Balkans (such as Bulgaria , Greece , North Macedonia , Romania , etc.), the island of Cyprus ,

3283-402: The group are: In addition, Australia , Canada , Israel and New Zealand are members of the group, with the United States as observer. Using the CIA classification strictly would give the following calculation of Western Europe's population. All figures based on the projections for 2018 by the Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs . Using

3350-429: The highly urbanised Hellenistic civilisation , and the western territories, which in contrast largely adopted the Latin language. This cultural and linguistic division was eventually reinforced by the later political east–west division of the Roman Empire . The Western Roman Empire and the Eastern Roman Empire controlled the two divergent regions between the 3rd and the 5th centuries. The division between these two

3417-434: The large German-Turkish population and saw this as an opportunity to find work once settling in Europe. In particular, the largest wave of Lebanese-Turkish migration occurred once the Israel-Lebanon war of 2006 began. During this period more than 20,000 Turks fled Lebanon, particularly from Beirut , and settled in Germany. Both during and after the 1947–1949 Palestine war , some members of Palestine's Turkish minority fled

SECTION 50

#1732873242841

3484-531: The last days of the war; however, its use was hugely popularised by Winston Churchill, who used it in his famous "Sinews of Peace" address on 5 March 1946 at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri : From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe . Warsaw , Berlin , Prague , Vienna , Budapest , Belgrade , Bucharest and Sofia ; all these famous cities and

3551-420: The others having come from neighbouring countries, who found the Luxembourg voting location closer to their homes. Liechtenstein does not record data on the ethnicity of its citizens; however, in 2009, the Turkish community was estimated to number approximately 1,000 out of a total population of 35,000. Hence, estimates suggest that the Turks form around 3% of Liechtenstein's total population and that they are

3618-528: The populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and in some cases increasing measure of control from Moscow. Although some countries were officially neutral , they were classified according to the nature of their political and economic systems. This division largely defines the popular perception and understanding of Western Europe and its borders with Eastern Europe . The world changed dramatically with

3685-408: The protection of regional and minority languages are recognised political goals in Western Europe today. The Council of Europe Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities and the Council of Europe's European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages set up a legal framework for language rights in Europe. Western Europe is one of the richest regions of the world. Germany has

3752-474: The region (particularly the Jezreel Valley region and the Golan Heights ) and settled in Lebanon , Syria , and Jordan . In Jordan, there is approximately 55,000 Palestinian-Turkish refugees in Irbid 5,000 near Amman 5,000 in El-Sahne 3,000 in El-Reyyan 2,500 in El-Bakaa 1,500 in El-Zerkaa and 1,500 in Sahab Since the outbreak of the Syrian Civil War , hundreds of thousands of Syrian Turkmen have been internally displaced and/or forced to leave

3819-402: The region of Meskhetia in Georgia , and the Arab world (such as Algeria , Iraq , Lebanon ). In particular, most mainland Turkish migration has been to Western and Northern Europe . Meanwhile, almost all the Turkish minorities in former Ottoman lands have a large diaspora in Turkey, many having migrated as muhacirs (refugees); furthermore, the Cretan Turks have migrated throughout

3886-430: The southern and central part of Western Europe, Germanic languages in the northern part (the British Isles and the Low Countries ), as well as a large part of Northern and Central Europe . Other Western European languages include the Celtic group (that is, Irish , Scottish Gaelic , Manx , Welsh , Cornish and Breton ) and Basque , the only currently living European language isolate . Multilingualism and

3953-465: The total number of French Turks is not available because the French census only records statistics on the country of birth rather than one's ethnic affiliation. Although the majority of French Turks are descend from people from the Republic of Turkey , there has also been significant Turkish migration from other post- Ottoman countries including ethnic Turkish communities which have come to France from North Africa (especially Algeria and Tunisia ),

4020-410: The years" the Dutch-Turkish community "must have numbered half a million". However, there are significantly higher estimates. As early as 2003, the political scientist and international relations expert Dr Nathalie Tocci said that there was already "two million Turks in Holland". Rita van Veen also reported in Trouw that there was 2 million Turks in the Netherlands in 2007. More recently, in 2020,

4087-403: Was 250,000 Belgian residents of Turkish origin. In 2011 the Home Affairs Committee stated here was 500,000 British Turks made up of 300,000 Turkish Cypriots , 150,000 Turkish nationals (i.e. people from Turkey), and smaller groups of Bulgarian Turks and Romanian Turks . Despite a lack of statistics on the collective number of Turks who have immigrated from their traditional homelands, it

SECTION 60

#1732873242841

4154-461: Was 360,000 people of Turkish origin living in Austria. This figure has also been echoed by the former Austrian Foreign Minister and Chancellor of Austria Sebastian Kurz . However, the former Austrian MEP , Andreas Mölzer , has claimed that there are 500,000 Turks in the country. In 2012 Professor Raymond Taras said that the Belgian-Turkish community was over 200,000. More recently, in 2019 Dr Altay Manço and Dr Ertugrul Taş said that there

4221-440: Was enhanced during late antiquity and the Middle Ages by a number of events. The Western Roman Empire collapsed , starting the Early Middle Ages . By contrast, the Eastern Roman Empire, mostly known as the Greek or Byzantine Empire , survived and even thrived for another 1000 years. The rise of the Carolingian Empire in the west, and in particular the Great Schism between Eastern Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism , enhanced

4288-464: Was estimated to number 120,000 in 2016. In 2010 the Turkish-New Zealander population was estimated to number between 2,000 to 3,000; in addition, the Turkish Cypriot -New Zealander population was 1,600 in 2016. Initially, the first wave of migration occurred in 1830 when many Turks were forced to leave the region once the French took control over Algeria; approximately 10,000 were shipped off to Turkey whilst many others migrated to other regions of

4355-438: Was historically known as taixi in China and taisei in Japan, which literally translates as the " Far West ". The term Far West became synonymous with Western Europe in China during the Ming dynasty . The Italian Jesuit priest Matteo Ricci was one of the first writers in China to use the Far West as an Asian counterpart to the European concept of the Far East . In Ricci's writings, Ricci referred to himself as "Matteo of

4422-507: Was now over 1,000,000: Here in the U.S., you can see our person-to-person relationships growing stronger each day. You can see it in the 13,000 Turkish students that are studying here in the U.S. You can see it in corporate leaders like Muhtar Kent , the CEO of Coca-Cola , and you can see it in more than one million Turkish-Americans who add to the rich culture and fabric of our country. – John Bryson (2012) There are, however, much higher estimates. Non-governmental Turkish organizations in

4489-843: Was officially established in 1998, Young Fenerbahçe fans were organized as a group in the stands in the early 2000s. GFB is divided into 10 subgroups. These are 1907 Youth (founded in 2000 and joined GFB in 2001), GFB Europe, Lise GFB (Founded by high school students in 2002), Cruel Boys, Uni GFB (Founded by university students in 2001), GFB's Angels (Fenerbahçe women's group), Devils of GFB (established in 2004), Strait Hooligans (established in 2010) and 1907 Ultras (established in 2014) GFB has members in countries with Turkish diaspora such as; Republic of Northern Cyprus , Austria , Belgium , Bulgaria , Czech Republic , Denmark , England , France , Germany , Kosovo , Macedonia , Moldova , Netherlands , Russia , Sweden , Scotland , Switzerland . More recently, in November 2011, Fenerbahçe's GFB created

#840159