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27-702: It is home to one or more prehistoric pile-dwelling (or stilt house) settlements that are part of the Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps UNESCO World Heritage Site . The municipality has two railway stations, Geltendorf and Walleshausen . [REDACTED] Media related to Geltendorf at Wikimedia Commons This Landsberg district location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Stilt house Stilt houses (also called pile dwellings or lake dwellings ) are houses raised on stilts (or piles) over

54-728: A silo was a pit for storing grain. It is distinct from a granary, which is an above-ground structure. Simple storage granaries raised up on four or more posts appeared in the Yangshao culture in China and after the onset of intensive agriculture in the Korean peninsula during the Mumun pottery period (c. 1000 B.C.) as well as in the Japanese archipelago during the Final Jōmon /Early Yayoi periods (c. 800 B.C.). In

81-519: A turtle and built over water surface (e.g. rivers). Arbi et al. (2013) have also noted the striking similarities between Austronesian architecture and Japanese traditional raised architecture ( shinmei-zukuri ). Particularly the buildings of the Ise Grand Shrine , which contrast with the pit-houses typical of the Neolithic Yayoi period . They propose significant Neolithic contact between

108-441: A granary tends to contain excess moisture, which encourages mold growth leading to fermentation and heating, both of which are undesirable and affect quality. Fermentation generally spoils grain and may cause chemical changes that create poisonous mycotoxins . One traditional remedy is to spread the grain in thin layers on a floor, where it is turned to aerate it thoroughly. Once the grain is sufficiently dry it can be transferred to

135-831: A prehistoric Austronesian network. In South Asia, stilt houses are very common in Northeast India , specifically the Brahmaputra Valley regions of Assam , which is extremely prone to regional flooding from the Brahmaputra. These houses are known as chang ghar in Assamese , and as kare okum in Mising ; chang ghar are traditionally built by the Mising people , who live along the Brahmaputra. Unlike many forms of traditional architecture, including stilt architecture, in South and Southeast Asia,

162-425: A single tall post also had ritual importance and were used to isolate high-born children during their training for leadership. The majority of Austronesian structures are not permanent. They are made from perishable materials like wood, bamboo, plant fiber, and leaves. Because of this, archaeological records of prehistoric Austronesian structures are usually limited to traces of house posts, with no way of determining

189-611: The Late Neolithic . In the late 20th century, stilt houses in extremely calm ocean water became a popular form of tourist lodging known as overwater bungalows ; the trend began in French Polynesia and quickly spread to other tourist locations, especially in tropical locales. Stilt houses in China known as guījiǎfángwū ( simplified Chinese : 龟甲房屋 ; traditional Chinese : 龜甲房屋 ; lit. 'turtle shell house') because Chinese stilt house structures inspired from

216-809: The Ljubljana Marsh in Slovenia and at the Mondsee and Attersee lakes in Upper Austria , for example. Early archaeologists like Ferdinand Keller thought they formed artificial islands, much like the Irish and Scottish crannogs , but today it is clear that the majority of settlements were located on the shores of lakes and were only inundated later on. Reconstructed stilt houses are shown in open-air museums in Unteruhldingen and Zürich (Pfahlbauland). In June 2011,

243-541: The Southern United States and the hurricane prone Florida Keys and South Carolina Lowcountry . Houses where permafrost is present, in the Arctic , are built on stilts to keep permafrost under them from melting. Permafrost can be up to 70% water. While frozen, it provides a stable foundation. However, if heat radiating from the bottom of a home melts the permafrost, the home goes out of level and starts sinking into

270-524: The Sundanese leuit and Minang rangkiang . In the South Hams in southwest Great Britain , small granaries were built on mushroom -shaped stumps called staddle stones . They were built of timber-frame construction and often had slate roofs. Larger ones were similar to linhays , but with the upper floor enclosed. Access to the first floor was usually via stone staircase on the outside wall. Towards

297-724: The prehistoric pile dwellings in six Alpine states were designated as UNESCO World Heritage Sites . A single Scandinavian pile dwelling, the Alvastra stilt houses , has been excavated in Sweden. Herodotus has described in his Histories the dwellings of the "lake-dwellers" in Paeonia and how those were constructed. In the Alps, similar buildings, known as raccards , are still in use as granaries. In England, granaries are placed on staddle stones , similar to stilts, to prevent mice and rats getting to

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324-751: The Kerala Backwaters have been a traditional method of house construction for many years, following the disastrous 2018 floods in Kerala , many more stilt houses have been constructed recently and utilize concrete as well as timber for their pillars. In the Neolithic , the Copper Age and the Bronze Age , stilt-house settlements were common in the Alpine and Pianura Padana ( Terramare ) regions. Remains have been found at

351-618: The Maldives. Stilted granaries are also a common feature in West Africa, e.g., in the Malinke language regions of Mali and Guinea . Stilt houses were also built by Amerindians in pre-Columbian times . Palafitos are especially widespread along the banks of the tropical river valleys of South America, notably the Amazon and Orinoco river systems. Stilt houses were such a prevalent feature along

378-615: The archaeological vernacular of Northeast Asia, these features are lumped with those that may have also functioned as residences and together are called 'raised floor buildings'. China built an elaborate system designed to minimize famine deaths. The system was destroyed in the Taiping Rebellion of the 1850s. In vernacular architecture of Indonesian archipelago granaries are made of wood and bamboo materials and most of them are built raised up on four or more posts to avoid rodents and insects. Examples of Indonesian granary styles are

405-815: The close of the 19th century, warehouses specially intended for holding grain began to multiply in Great Britain. There are climatic difficulties in the way of storing grain in Great Britain on a large scale, but these difficulties have been largely overcome. Modern grain farming operations often use manufactured steel granaries to store grain on-site until it can be trucked to major storage facilities in anticipation of shipping. The large mechanized facilities, particularly seen in Russia and North America are known as grain elevators . Grain must be kept away from moisture for as long as possible to preserve it in good condition and prevent mold growth . Newly harvested grain brought into

432-606: The construction of chang ghar is making a resurgence and increasing in popularity, as a result of climate change increasing regular flooding in Assam, and the stilts of the chang ghar is adapted to flooding in the first place. The height of the stilts of the chang ghar is determined by the height of the water during the last major flood. Stilt houses are also popular in Kerala in the Kerala backwaters , another regions with high rainfall and regular flooding from monsoons. Although stilt houses in

459-577: The grain. In Italy there are several stilt-houses settlements, for example the one on the Rocca di Manerba del Garda . In Scotland there used to be prehistoric stilt houses called crannogs . Stilt houses as water villas are common in the Maldives and Assam . Granaries A granary is a storehouse or room in a barn for threshed grain or animal feed . Ancient or primitive granaries are most often made of pottery . Granaries are often built above

486-613: The ground to keep the stored food away from mice and other animals and from floods. From ancient times grain has been stored in bulk. The oldest granaries yet found date back to 9500 BC and are located in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A settlements in the Jordan Valley . The first were located in places between other buildings. However beginning around 8500 BC , they were moved inside houses, and by 7500 BC storage occurred in special rooms. The first granaries measured 3 x 3 m on

513-557: The ground. Other means of keeping the permafrost from melting are available, but raising the home off the ground on stilts is one of the most effective ways. Raised rectangular houses are one of the cultural hallmarks of the Austronesian peoples and are found throughout the regions in Island Southeast Asia , Island Melanesia , Micronesia , and Polynesia settled by Austronesians. The structures are raised on piles, usually with

540-471: The highlands or even directly on shallow water. Building structures on pilings is believed to be derived from the design of raised rice granaries and storehouses, which are highly important status symbols among the ancestrally rice-cultivating Austronesians. The rice granary shrine was also the archetypal religious building among Austronesian cultures and was used to store carvings of ancestor spirits and local deities. While rice cultivation wasn't among

567-713: The original building plans. Indirect evidence of traditional Austronesian architecture, however, can be gleaned from their contemporary representations in art, like in friezes on the walls of later Hindu-Buddhist stone temples (like in reliefs in Borobudur and Prambanan ). But these are limited to the recent centuries. They can also be reconstructed linguistically from shared terms for architectural elements, like ridge-poles, thatch, rafters, house posts, hearth, notched log ladders, storage racks, public buildings, and so on. Linguistic evidence also makes it clear that stilt houses were already present among Austronesian groups since at least

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594-554: The outside and had suspended floors that protected the grain from rodents and insects and provided air circulation. These granaries are followed by those in Mehrgarh in the Indus Valley from 6000 BC. The ancient Egyptians made a practice of preserving grain in years of plenty against years of scarcity. The climate of Egypt being very dry, grain could be stored in pits for a long time without discernible loss of quality. Historically,

621-674: The people of southern Japan and Austronesians or pre-Austronesians that occurred prior to the spread of Han Chinese cultural influence to the islands. Rice cultivation is also believed to have been introduced to Japan from a para-Austronesian group from coastal eastern China. Waterson (2009) has also argued that the architectural tradition of stilt houses in eastern Asia and the Pacific is originally Austronesian, and that similar building traditions in Japan and mainland Asia (notably among Kra-Dai and Austroasiatic -speaking groups) correspond to contacts with

648-517: The shores of Lake Maracaibo that Amerigo Vespucci was inspired to name the region "Venezuela" (little Venice). As the costs of hurricane damage increase, more and more houses along the Gulf Coast are being built as or converted to stilt houses. Stilt houses are also still common in parts of the Mosquito Coast in northeastern Nicaragua , and in northern Brazil as well as the bayou parts of

675-514: The space underneath also utilized for storage or domestic animals . The raised design had multiple advantages, they mitigate damage during flooding and (in very tall examples) can act as defensive structures during conflicts. The house posts are also distinctively capped with larger-diameter discs at the top, to prevent vermin and pests from entering the structures by climbing them. Austronesian houses and other structures are usually built in wetlands and alongside bodies of water, but can also be built in

702-629: The surface of the soil or a body of water . Stilt houses are built primarily as a protection against flooding ; they also keep out vermin . The shady space under the house can be used for work or storage. Stilt houses are commonly found in Southeast Asia, Oceania, Central America, the Caribbean, the Gulf Coast of the United States, northern parts of South America, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles and

729-515: The technologies carried into Remote Oceania , raised storehouses still survived. The pātaka of the Māori people is such an example. The largest pātaka are elaborately adorned with carvings and are often the tallest buildings in the Māori pā . They were used to store implements, weapons, ships, and other valuables; while smaller pātaka were used to store provisions. A special type of pātaka supported by

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