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75-622: In October 2001 Embraer opened a plant on the Aerodrome of Gavião Peixoto , near Araraquara , to house the final assembly of aircraft and to test equipment and technology. For this purpose, Embraer built runway 02/20 with 4,967 x 45 m, considered to be the longest public use runway in the Americas and the fifth longest in the world . However, some length of this is taken up by a displaced threshold , leaving only 2,975 m available for northwards landings. Embraer offers customer support for its clientele on

150-499: A joint venture with Boeing was announced that would have resulted in Boeing owning 80% of Embraer's commercial aviation division. This was seen as a reaction to Airbus' acquisition of a majority in the competing Bombardier CSeries the previous year. Under the 2018 plan, Embraer would retain its executive business jet and its defence business . The resulting division would be known as Boeing Brasil – Commercial , though it

225-524: A new family of turboprop regional airliners in the 50–70 seat range, complementing the E-Jet E2 , so as to free engineering resources. It would compete against older ATR and Dash 8 designs for 1.5 to 2 h flights over 500–700 nmi (930–1,300 km). In August 2021, Embraer released a new configuration with quieter aft-mounted engines for a 70-90 seat aircraft, with the E-Jet cross-section, aiming for

300-658: A political party . The largest parties are MDB (which accounts for 14.4% of affiliated voters), the PT (9.5% of affiliated voters), and PSDB (8.7% of affiliated voters). In 2020, the scenario is that the country has more than 30 active political parties, and only one of them defines itself as a right-wing party ( PL ), with a clear political imbalance. The country has several far-left parties like PSOL , PCO , PSTU , PCB , UP , PCdoB , left parties like PT , PSB , PDT , PV , Rede and Solidariedade and center-left like PSDB , PMN and Cidadania . Ten parties declare themselves as

375-592: A "flawed democracy" in 2022. Brazil was 2023 the 13th most electoral democratic country in Latin America and the Caribbean according to the V-Dem Democracy indices . Brazil has had seven constitutions : According to sociologist Marcelo Ridenti, Brazilian politics is divided between internationalist liberals and statist nationalists. The first group consists of politicians arguing that internationalization of

450-690: A 2022 launch and a 2027/2028 service entry. At the 2000 Farnborough Airshow , Embraer launched the Legacy 600 , a business jet variant of the Embraer Regional Jet . In 2002, a dedicated subsidiary, Embraer Executive Jets , was created, as the Legacy was introduced into service. In 2005, the Phenom 100 was first envisioned as an air taxi similar to the Eclipse 500 , competing with Cessna and Hawker Beechcraft . It

525-532: A complicated currency conversion process that prevented people from cashing their bank accounts for 18 months. All of this made him quite unpopular and denied him support in the parliament that he needed since his own party held few seats. At the beginning of his third year in office, he resigned as a result of in a huge corruption scandal. The charges against him would later be dropped, some on mere technicalities, some for actually being irrelevant or false. Collor desperately tried to resist impeachment by rallying

600-663: A fact of Brazilian life – was cut dramatically, a change that the Brazilians took years to get used to. Because of the success of Plano Real, Cardoso was chosen by his party to run for president and, with the strong support of Franco, eventually won, beating Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva , who had emerged as the favorite only one year earlier. Cardoso's term was marked by other major changes in Brazilian politics and economy. Public services and state-owned companies were privatized (some for values supposedly too cheap according to his adversaries),

675-489: A few months. In 1994, Cardoso with Ricupero, Ciro Gomes and others launched their Plano Real , a successful economic reform that managed to permanently rid the country of the excessive inflation that had plagued it for more than forty years. The plan consisted of replacing the discredited old currency ( cruzeiro and cruzeiro real ) and pegging its value temporarily to the United States dollar. Inflation – which had become

750-404: A flag, an anthem and a coat-of-arms). However, not all municipalities exercise all of this autonomy. For instance, only a few municipalities keep local police forces, some of them do not collect some taxes (to attract investors or residents) and many of them do not have a flag (although they are all required to have a coat-of-arms). Municipalities are governed by an elected prefeito ( Mayor ) and

825-556: A large number of political parties. Some parties lack ideological consistency and it is common for congressmen to switch parties, weakening electoral coalitions. At same time, the high number of political parties makes the Executive need to gather alliances of different political parties must piece together diverse and often ideologically incoherent coalitions to pass legislation (this is known as coalition presidentialism ). The Economist Intelligence Unit 's Democracy Index rated Brazil as

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900-626: A margin of 20 million votes. In 2010, Lula's handpicked successor, Dilma Rousseff , was elected to the Presidency. In 2011, Rousseff became the first woman to be elected president of Brazil. In 2015 and 2016, many demonstrations were held against Rousseff demanding for her to be impeached because of corruption scandals. According to studies by the Brazilian Institute of Public Opinion and Statistics (Ibope), 70-80% of demonstrators questioned supported harsher sentences for criminal offences, and

975-529: A reduction of the age of criminal responsibility to 16. Between 2010 and 2016, support for the death penalty increased from 31% to 49%, and the number of people declaring themselves conservative from 49% to 59%. The decline in poverty and the development of the middle class during the Lula years also allowed right-wing parties to address broader segments of the electorate on economic issues. "The new lower middle class dream of being entrepreneurs and consumers" according to

1050-526: A series of successful commuter and regional airliners for export. The company was privatized in 1994 and began expanding to the production of larger regional airliners and smaller business jets . In 2000, Embraer became public as a limited company ( Sociedade Anônima ) with shares traded in both the United States ( NYSE ) and Brazil ( B3 ). Embraer has divisions for commercial, executive, military, and agricultural aviation; it also maintains an incubator for aerospace technologies and businesses. While

1125-508: A unicameral Câmara de Vereadores (Councillors' Chamber). In municipalities with more than 200,000 voters, the Mayor must be elected by more than 50% of the valid vote. The executive power is called Prefeitura . Brazilian municipalities can vary widely in area and population. The municipality of Altamira , in the State of Pará , with 161,445.9 square kilometres of area, is larger than many countries in

1200-403: Is a Brazilian multinational aerospace corporation . It develops and manufactures aircraft and aviation systems , and provides leasing, equipment, and technical support services. Embraer is the third largest producer of civil aircraft worldwide after Boeing and Airbus . The company also has a significant presence in military aviation , ranking among the top 100 defense contractors . It

1275-988: Is exercised by the President, advised by a cabinet . Legislative power is vested upon the National Congress , a two-chamber legislature comprising the Federal Senate and the Chamber of Deputies . Judicial power is exercised by the judiciary, consisting of the Supreme Federal Court , the Superior Court of Justice and other Superior Courts , the National Justice Council and the Regional Federal Courts . The states are autonomous sub-national entities with their own governments that, together with

1350-663: Is headquartered in São José dos Campos , São Paulo , Brazil , with offices and operations in China, the Netherlands, Portugal, Singapore, and the United States. Embraer was founded in 1969 by the Brazilian government as a national champion for domestic aerospace technology. It initially focused on supplying military aircraft to the Brazilian Air Force , but by the 1980s began producing

1425-686: Is held by the Governador (Governor) and his appointed Secretários (Secretaries); the Legislative role is held by the Assembléia Legislativa (Legislative Assembly); and the Judiciary role, by the Tribunal de Justiça (Justice Tribunal). The governors and the members of the assemblies are elected, but the members of the Judiciary are appointed by the governor from a list provided by the current members of

1500-495: Is organized into four segments: Commercial Aviation, which manages the development, production, sale, and lease of commercial jets, as well as the provision of aviation support services; Defense & Security, which consists of research, development, production, modification, and support for military defense aircraft, and related products and services; Executive Aviation, which concerns the development, production, and sale of executive jets, and support services; and Other, which entails

1575-555: Is vested upon the National Congress , a two-chamber legislature comprising the Federal Senate and the Chamber of Deputies . Judicial power is exercised by the judiciary, consisting of the Supreme Federal Court , the Superior Court of Justice and other Superior Courts , the National Justice Council and the Regional Federal Courts . The 26 Brazilian states are semi-autonomous self-governing entities organized with complete administration branches, relative financial independence and their own set of symbols, similar to those owned by

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1650-579: The Estado Novo had loose ties with European fascism and spanned the years 1938 to 1945. Like most of Latin America, Brazil experienced times of political instability after the Second World War. When Vargas was ousted from the presidency in another bloodless coup d'état, in 1945, a new and modern constitution was passed and the country had its first experience with an effective and widespread democracy. But

1725-585: The Brazilian Air Force became interested in an upgraded version of the Uirapuru. A prototype, designated Uirapuru II , was built; but, by the time it flew, the Air Force no longer required it. A small number were built for export. In 1987, the firm was sold to Embraer. Born from a Brazilian government plan and having been state-run, Embraer eventually started a privatisation process in 1992 alongside other state-run companies, such as Telebrás and Vale . Privatisation

1800-512: The EMB 820 Navajo (Piper Navajo Chifetais ), EMB 810 Seneca (Piper Seneca III) , EMB 720 Minuano (Cherokee Six) , EMB 710 Carioca aircraft (Cherokee 235 Pathfinder) and the EMB 711 Corisco (Cherokee Arrow II). Between 1974 and 2000, nearly 2,500 license-built Pipers were produced by Embraer. Aerotec S/A Indústria Aeronáutica was a design and manufacturing company founded in São José dos Campos in 1962 under

1875-452: The Embraer EMB 312 Tucano , it debuted a regional airliner , the Embraer EMB 110 Bandeirante , which made its first flight in 1968, and the Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia , launched in 1985. Aimed at the export market, the EMB family was the first in a series of highly successful small and regional airliners. In addition to its own line of aircraft, beginning in 1974, Embraer was licensed by

1950-549: The NYSE and BM&F Bovespa stock exchanges. As of 2008 its NYSE-traded shares were American depositary receipts representing four BM&F Bovespa shares and it was partially owned by the Bozano Group (11.10%), Previ (16.40%), Sistel (7.40%), Dassault Aviation (2.1%), EADS (2.1%), Thales (2.1%), Safran (1.1%), and the government of Brazil (0.3% and golden share ), the remainder being publicly traded. As of December 31, 2014

2025-484: The President is both head of state and head of government , and of a multi-party system . The political and administrative organization of Brazil comprises the federal government , the 26 states and a federal district , and the municipalities . The federal government exercises control over the central government and is divided into three independent branches: executive, legislative and judicial. Executive power

2100-525: The economy is essential for the development of the country, while the latter rely on interventionism , and protection of state enterprises . According to Ridenti, who cites the Fernando Henrique Cardoso administration as an example of the first group and the Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva administration as an example of the second, "we have it cyclically". Lula's Workers' Party tended to

2175-410: The Brazilians used to be very proud) was mostly obsolete and polluting or that defaulting the debt was equal to not paying the rent. He also took quite revolutionary measures, like reducing the number of ministries to only 12 and naming Zélia Cardoso de Mello Minister of Economy or removing existing barriers to importing of goods. His inflation control plan was based on an attempt to control prices and

2250-485: The C-390 would carry up to 23 tons of cargo and aims to replace Cold War -era cargo aircraft. While firm orders for the yet-to-be-produced KC-390 transport had not yet been made in the fall of 2010, Argentina asked for six examples and several other South American nations also expressed interest. Brazil and Canada engaged in an international, adjudicated trade dispute over government subsidies to domestic plane-makers in

2325-480: The Constitutional Assembly that was drafting the new constitution to abort the adoption of Parliamentarism . In 1989 Fernando Collor de Mello was elected president for the term from 1990 to 1994. The elections were marked by unanimous condemnation of José Sarney , with all candidates trying to keep distance from him. Collor made some very bold statements, like saying that the Brazilian industry (of which

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2400-591: The Governor of the Federal District. Throughout its modern history, Brazil has struggled to build a democratic and egalitarian society because of its origins as a plantation colony and the strong influence of slavery. In 1822 the Prince Pedro de Alcântara , son of King John VI of Portugal , proclaimed independence. He was the first Emperor (Pedro I) until his abdication in 1831 in favor of his elder son . Due to

2475-578: The State Law Court containing only judges (these are chosen by merit in exams open to anyone with a law degree). The name chosen by the governor must be approved by the Assembly before inauguration. The 1988 Constitution has granted the states the greatest amount of autonomy since the Old Republic. Each of the 26 state governors must achieve more than 50% of the vote, including a second round run-off between

2550-466: The United States' Piper Aircraft to develop, produce, and market its light airplanes, as Brazil was one of the world's leading importers of small single- or twin-engine aircraft. Piper first put together knock-down kits in its U.S. factory for Embraer to then assemble and market in Brazil and Latin America. By 1978, most parts and components were being sourced by Embraer locally. The aircraft were sold as

2625-463: The activities of the Executive power of the states and municipalities. The municipalities are minor federal units of the Federative Republic of Brazil. Each municipality has an autonomous local government , comprising a mayor , directly elected by the people to a four-year term, and a legislative body , also directly elected by the people. Brazil has an unrestricted multiparty system with

2700-400: The aerospace industry during the 1940s and 1950s. However, it was not until 1969, following the establishment of the Brazilian military dictatorship after the 1964 coup d'état , that Em presa Br asileira de Aer onáutica (Brazilian Aeronautics Corporation, short Embraer) was created as a government-owned corporation . Its first president, Ozires Silva , was a government appointee, and

2775-738: The air crisis initiated by the COVID-19 pandemic and by the 737 MAX groundings . In November 2020, Embraer announced that its loss for the third quarter of the year is $ 121 million due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the travel restrictions. In December 2019, Embraer and the Brazilian Air Force tackled the development of a light military transport aircraft . The Short Take Off Utility Transport (STOUT) would replace its 64 EMB-110 Bandeirante (average age of 38.3 years) and 19 EMB-120 Brasilia (average age of 26.5 years) with similar dimensions. Embraer

2850-621: The anti-Collor campaign into a wider revolutionary fight to overthrow the regime. Itamar finally granted full powers to his Minister of Economy, Fernando Henrique Cardoso, so the minister could launch the Plano Real , a new economic plan that seemed to be just the same as the many unsuccessful plans launched by Sarney, Collor and their military predecessor. But the Real was a success because of Rubens Ricupero and essentially because of Ciro Gomes , according to Itamar Franco himself, and terminated inflation in

2925-410: The appearance of a black market in which such goods were sold for higher prices. Buoyed by the ensuing popularity from the apparent success of the plan, Sarney secured the largest electoral win in Brazilian history; the party he had just joined, Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB), won in 26 out of 27 states and in more than 3,000 municipalities. Just after the elections, Sarney's "corrections" to

3000-590: The auspices of the Brazilian General Command for Aerospace Technology . Beginning in the late 1960s, the firm manufactured a two-seat trainer for the Brazilian Air Force, the Aerotec Uirapuru . A small number were also built for the civilian market, and others were exported to other Latin American countries. By 1980, Aerotec's main business was producing components for Embraer. However, around this time,

3075-536: The caudillism of the Spanish-speaking countries. The "old republic" (1889–1930) is also known as the "oligarchic republic". Until 1930, the Brazilian republic was formally a democracy, although the power was concentrated in the hands of powerful land owners. In 1930, a bloodless coup led Getúlio Vargas to power. For about 15 years, he controlled the country's politics, with a brief three-year constitutional interregnum from 1934 to 1937. A longer, heavier regime,

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3150-417: The center: MDB , PSD , Agir , DC , PROS , Avante , Patriota , Podemos and PMB . Five parties declare themselves as center-right: Brazil Union , PTB , Progressistas , PSC , PRTB and Republicanos . The only party that claims to be purely liberal, without further consideration, is Novo . When asked about their ideological spectrum, Brazilian parties tend to give obtuse and non-conclusive answers on

3225-533: The company continues producing aircraft for the defense sector, it is best known for the ERJ and E-Jet families of narrow-body short to medium range airliners , and for its line of business jets , including the market-leading Phenom 300 . As of May 2024, Embraer has delivered more than 8,000 aircraft, including 1,800 E-Jet planes. Seeking to develop a domestic aircraft industry, the Brazilian government under Getúlio Vargas ' Estado Novo made several investments in

3300-473: The company initially only produced a turboprop passenger aircraft, the Embraer EMB 110 Bandeirante . The Brazilian government contributed to Embraer's early growth by providing production contracts. The company sold solely to the domestic market until 1975. While military aircraft made up the majority of Embraer's products during the 1970s and early 1980s, including the Embraer AT-26 Xavante and

3375-490: The country itself. Despite their relative autonomy they all have the same model of administration, as set by the Federal Constitution. States hold elections every four years and exercise a considerable amount of power. The 1988 constitution allows states to keep their own taxes, set up State Houses , and mandates regular allocation of a share of the taxes collected locally by the federal government. The Executive role

3450-462: The country's state legislatures. The last set of elections took place in 2006. Brazil has no clear distinction between towns and cities (in effect, the Portuguese word cidade means both). The only possible difference is regarding the municipalities that have a court of first instance and those that do not. The former are called Sedes de Comarca (seats of a comarca , which is the territory under

3525-473: The currency and prevented any stability. In an attempt to revolutionize the economy and defeat inflation, Sarney carried on an ambitious "heterodox" economic plan ( Cruzado ) in 1986, which included price controls, default on the external debts and reduction of salaries. The plan seemed successful for some months, but it soon caused wholesale shortages of consumer goods (especially of easily exportable goods like meat, milk, automobiles, grains, sugar and alcohol) and

3600-402: The economy failed to control inflation and the public perception that he had used an artificial control of inflation to win the elections proved to be his undoing. His popularity never recovered and he was plagued by vehement criticism from most sectors of society until the end of his term. Despite popular rejection, Sarney managed to extend his term from four to five years, and exerted pressure on

3675-510: The financial markets. Despite some achievements in solving part of the country's biggest problems, his term was plagued by multiple corruption scandals that rocked his cabinet, forcing some members to resign their posts. In 2006 Lula regained part of his popularity and ran for re-election. After almost winning on the first round, he won the run-off against Geraldo Alckmin from the Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB), by

3750-497: The first Gripen assembly line outside of Sweden and will produce at least 15 of the Brazilian Air Force 's order of 36 aircraft. It is intended that the first aircraft produced on this production line will be delivered in 2025. No scheduled flights operate at this airport. The airport is located 18 km (11 mi) from downtown Gavião Peixoto and 42 km (26 mi) from downtown Araraquara. Embraer Embraer S.A. ( Portuguese pronunciation: [ẽbɾaˈɛɾ] )

3825-456: The government of João Figueiredo . In 1985, the military were defeated in an election according to the scheme they had set up as a consequence of the loss of political support among the elites. The opposition candidate, Tancredo Neves , was elected president, but died of natural causes before he was able to take office. Fearing a political vacuum that might stifle the democratic effort, Neves' supporters urged vice-president, José Sarney to take

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3900-452: The late 1990s and early 2000s. The World Trade Organization determined that both countries had provided illegal subsidies to what were supposed to be privately owned industries. Brazil ran an illegal subsidy program, Proex, benefiting its national aviation industry from at least 1999–2000, and Canada illegally subsidized its indigenous regional airliner industry including in export contracts, comprising Bombardier Aerospace . On July 5, 2018,

3975-547: The midsize cabin category—and the Praetor 600 in the super midsize category. On April 19, 2007, Embraer announced it was considering the production of a twin-jet military transport. Work began in May 2009 with funding from the Brazilian Air Force. Correios , the Brazilian postal service, has shown interest in buying this aircraft. Using much of the technology developed for the Embraer 190,

4050-524: The mounting tension between populist politicians (like Vargas himself and, later, Jânio Quadros ) and the right led to a crisis that ultimately brought up the military coup d'état in 1964 , now known, through declassified documents, to have been supported by the American Central Intelligence Agency . In 1964 a military-led coup d'état deposed the democratically elected president of Brazil, João Goulart . Between 1964 and 1985, Brazil

4125-432: The oath and govern the country. Tancredo Neves had said that his election and the demise of military régime would create a "New Republic" and Sarney's term of government is often referred to by this name. Sarney's government was disastrous in almost every field. The ongoing recession and the soaring external debt drained the country's assets while ravaging inflation (which later turned into hyperinflation ) demonetized

4200-428: The original municipality to form another one. A municipality is relatively autonomous: it enacts its own "constitution", which is called organic law ( Lei Orgânica ), and it is allowed to collect taxes and fees, to maintain a municipal police force (albeit with very restricted powers), to pass laws on any matter that do not contradict either the state or the national constitutions, and to create symbols for itself (like

4275-630: The other federal units, form the Federative Republic of Brazil. Currently, Brazil is divided politically and administratively into 27 federal units, being 26 states and one federal district. The executive power is exercised by a governor elected to a four-year term. The judiciary is exercised by courts of first and second instance addressing the common justice. Each state has a unicameral legislature with deputies who vote on state laws. The Constitution of Brazil knows also two elements of direct democracy , stated in Article 14. The legislative assemblies supervise

4350-665: The production of structural parts, mechanical and hydraulic systems, agricultural crop-spraying aircraft , and customer training. The key trends of Embraer are (as at the financial year ending December 31): The company's headquarters and main production base are in São José dos Campos , São Paulo , Brazil . It also has production bases in the State of São Paulo at Botucatu , Eugênio de Melo (a district of São José dos Campos) and Gavião Peixoto . The company has offices in Beijing , Fort Lauderdale , Amsterdam , Singapore , and Washington, D.C. By December 2018, Embraer claimed to lead

4425-428: The rule of that court). Other than that, only size and importance differs one from another. The municipality ( município ) is a territory comprising one urban area, the sede (seat), from which it takes the name, and several other minor urban or rural areas, the distritos (districts). The seat of a municipality must be the most populous urban area within it; when another urban area grows too much it usually splits from

4500-474: The same manner as a municipality, does not possess the same autonomy as a state (though usually ranked among them), and is closely related to the central power. It is considered a single and indivisible entity, constituted by the seat, Brasília and some of the satellite cities . Brasília and the satellite cities are governed by the Regional Administrators individually and as a whole are governed by

4575-415: The shareholders with more than 5% of the company's capital were: In the mid-1990s, the company pursued a product line focused on small commercial airplanes over the military aircraft that had previously made up the majority of its manufacturing. It soon expanded to the production of larger regional airliners in the 70–110 seat range, and smaller business jets . By May 2019, Embraer considered developing

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4650-556: The site. The plant manufactures the wings of the Embraer 190 and 195 , the Embraer EMB 314 Super Tucano and Embraer KC-390 aircraft, the refurbishing of the Northrop F-5 of the Brazilian Air Force , and since 2008 the final assembly of Phenom 100 and Phenom 300 aircraft. On May 9, 2023, Saab opened an assembly line for the Saab Gripen E at Unidade Gavião Peixoto Airport. It is

4725-610: The son's age (five years) a regency was established and the country had its first elections, though voting was restricted to a minority of the population. In 1889, Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca declared the republic, by a coup d'état . When the republic succeeded the empire, Auguste Comte 's motto "Order and Progress" appeared on the flag of the Republic and the 1891 Constitution was inspired by Auguste Comte's Course of Positive Philosophy and System of Positive Politics. The Republic's beginnings were marked by "coronelism", an equivalent of

4800-454: The statist nationalist side, although there are privatizing forces within his party and government, while Cardoso's Social Democratic Party tended to favor the international private market side by taking neoliberal policies as with the global Third Way . Lula compares himself with Getúlio Vargas , Juscelino Kubitschek and João Goulart , presidents seen as statist nationalists. As of May 2017, 16,668,589 Brazilians were affiliated with

4875-429: The strong real made it easy to import goods, forcing Brazilian industry to modernize and compete (which had the side effect of causing many of them to be bought by foreign companies). During his first term, a constitutional amendment was passed to enable a sitting Executive chief to run for re-election, after which he again beat Lula in 1998. In 2002, at his fourth attempt, Lula was elected president. In part his victory

4950-441: The sub 150 seat jetliner market with 100 operators of the ERJ and E-Jet families. The numbers include military versions of commercial aircraft. Total delivered-backlog-options as of June 30, 2007: 862-53-131 145 Family, 256-399-719 170/190 Family Politics of Brazil Recent elections The politics of Brazil take place in a framework of a federal presidential representative democratic republic , whereby

5025-407: The subject. Brazil is a federal presidential constitutional republic, based on representative democracy . The federal government has three independent branches : executive, legislative, and judicial. Executive power is exercised by the executive branch, headed by the President , advised by a Cabinet . The President is both the head of state and the head of government . Legislative power

5100-444: The support of the youth and of the lower classes, but his call for help was answered by massive popular demonstrations, led mostly by students, demanding his resignation. In 1992, the vice-president, Itamar Franco, took office as president and managed to evade the most feared consequences of Collor's downfall. He had to face a country with hyper-inflation, high levels of misery and unemployment. Far-left organizations were trying to turn

5175-441: The top two candidates if necessary. In contrast to the federal level, state legislatures are unicameral, although the deputies are elected through similar means, involving an open-list system in which the state serves as one constituency. State level elections occur at the same time as those for the presidency and Congress. In 2002, candidates from eight different parties won the gubernatorial contest while 28 parties are represented in

5250-457: The world. Several Brazilian municipalities have over 1,000,000 inhabitants, with São Paulo, at more than 9,000,000, being the most populous. Until 1974 Brazil had one state-level municipality, the State of Guanabara , now merged with the State of Rio de Janeiro , which comprised the city of Rio de Janeiro solely. The Federal District is an anomalous unit of the federation, as it is not organized in

5325-487: Was a key policy of the economically liberal government of Fernando Collor , elected in the 1989 presidential election . Embraer was sold to private investors on December 7, 1994, which helped it avoid a looming bankruptcy. The Brazilian government retained interest through possession of golden shares , which allow it veto power. Embraer continued to win government contracts throughout the 2000s and 2010s. In 2000, Embraer made simultaneous initial public offerings on

5400-454: Was derived from the significant unpopularity of Cardoso's second term, which failed to address economic inequality, and to an extent from a softening of his and the party's radical stance, including a vice-presidential candidate from the Liberal Party , acceptance of an International Monetary Fund (IMF) agreement from the previous government administration, and a line of discourse friendly to

5475-419: Was governed by the military, with a two-party system that comprised a pro-government National Renewal Alliance Party (ARENA) and an opposition Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB). Thousands of politicians (including former president Juscelino Kubitschek ) had their political rights suspended, and military-sanctioned indirect elections were held for most elected positions until political liberalization during

5550-534: Was introduced in 2008 and is the basis of the larger Phenom 300 . The midsize Legacy 450 and Legacy 500 were jointly developed as clean sheet designs, while the Lineage 1000 is a VIP version of the E190 . In 2016, Embraer delivered its 1,000th executive jet and had a market share of 17% by volume, though it lacked an ultra-long-range large cabin jet. In October 2018 Embraer announced two new business jets—the Praetor 500 in

5625-595: Was unclear whether the aircraft would be rebranded as Boeing models. On November 18, 2019, Boeing and Embraer announced another joint venture, at 49% and 51% respectively, to promote and develop new markets for the C-390 Millennium tactical transport aircraft; the resulting entity would be called Boeing Embraer – Defense and would begin operating after regulatory approvals and closing conditions. In April 2020, Boeing canceled its acquisition of Embraer's commercial operations after being heavily affected financially by

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