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35-473: The 740-seat hall (including orchestra and balcony) is today used for numerous occasions including convocations and honorary degree ceremonies, theatrical and musical performances, and speeches. Gaston Hall has gained a reputation for hosting prominent heads of state, political leaders, and other public figures. Gaston Hall is often referred to as the "jewel in the crown" of Georgetown's campus due to its ornate interior and grand adornments. The ceiling line bears

70-448: A ceremonial assembly of the university, particularly at a graduation or commencement ceremony but, at some institutions, for a ceremony at the start of the academic year to welcome incoming students. A synodical assembly of a church is at times called "Convocation" The Convocations of Canterbury and York were the synodical assemblies of the two Provinces of the Church of England until

105-623: A lower house (the remaining members). In 1921, the number of proctors (elected representatives) of the diocesan clergy was increased to make them a majority in the lower houses. The Convocation of York was a relatively small part of the Church in England and Wales with only five member dioceses in Henry VIII's reign. In 1462 it decided that all the provincial constitutions of Canterbury which were not repugnant or prejudicial to its own should be allowed in

140-454: A university's graduation ceremony or, more generally, to any formal assembly of the university (similar to congregation in some British universities). At Harvard and Columbia universities it is the name used for the matriculation ceremony that formally welcomes new students at the start of the academic year. At some universities in the UK and other countries, convocation refers to the body of

175-424: Is the senate. ) At Durham University , convocation was established as the assembly of members of the university by the university's fundamental statue in 1835. Women were admitted to convocation from 1913. Durham's degrees were awarded at meetings of convocation until 1938, when this power was transferred to the senate and awards were instead made at congregations of the university. As of 2024, it consists of

210-551: The Church Assembly was established in 1920. Their origins date back to the end of the seventh century when Theodore of Tarsus (Archbishop of Canterbury, 668-690) reorganized the structures of the English Church and established a national synod of bishops. With the recognition of York as a separate province in 733, this synod was divided into two. In 1225, representatives of the cathedral and monastic chapters were included for

245-498: The Latin convocare meaning "to call/come together", a translation of the Greek ἐκκλησία ekklēsia ) is a group of people formally assembled for a special purpose, mostly ecclesiastical or academic. The Britanica dictionary defines it as "a large formal meeting of people (such as church officials). In academic use, it can refer variously to the formal body of an institutions alumni or to

280-714: The Thirty-Nine Articles (1571) and the 141 Canons of 1603. The Convocations were abolished during the Commonwealth but restored on the accession of Charles II in 1660 and they synodically approved the Book of Common Prayer which was imposed by the Act of Uniformity in 1662. Formal sessions at the start of each parliament continued but no real business was discussed until after the Revolution of 1688 which brought William III and Mary II to

315-480: The University of London , convocation, between its establishment in 1858 and its abolition in 2003, consisted of the university's graduates who were involved in the university's governance. In New Zealand, universities have courts of convocation by which all graduates elect representatives to the institutions' governing bodies. Thomas Musgrave (bishop) Thomas Musgrave (30 March 1788 – 4 May 1860)

350-596: The Whig government. His first senior Church of England appointment was when he was installed Dean of Bristol on 13 or 14 May 1837. Three months later, he was nominated Bishop of Hereford by the Crown on 5 August and consecrated on 1 October 1837, by Archbishop Howley at Lambeth . At Hereford, he revived the office of rural dean, and was instrumental in setting up the Diocesan Church Building Society. On

385-476: The coats of arms of the sixty Jesuit universities in the world at the time of Gaston's construction, all beneath a decorated wood ceiling. In addition, a number of classical allegorical scenes that fill the walls were painted freehand (without a stencil ) by Francis Schroen , a Jesuit Brother who was a reputed interior designer and painter of Catholic institutions and several other rooms within Healy Hall. Behind

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420-602: The Convocations met only for formal business at the beginning of each parliament until the middle of the nineteenth century when Canterbury (in 1852) and York (in 1861) began to discuss issues of the day. The resumption of proper business was brought about by the political changes which had taken place some twenty years earlier. Until the Great Reform Bill of 1832, Parliament had been theoretically an Anglican body, and many churchmen began to argue that neither Parliament nor

455-420: The Crown. Over the next eight years it was established that it could debate and act provided it did not try to discuss or frame canons and that the archbishop could only prorogue (adjourn) a session with the consent of his fellow diocesans. In 1851, Canterbury received a petition, in 1853 it appointed committees and by 1855 Archbishop Sumner was convinced of the value of Convocation and those bishops who had opposed

490-498: The Master, Dr. Christopher Wordsworth , which led Thirlwall to resign his tutorship, excited Musgrave's indignation. He and Sedgwick drew up a paper addressed to the Master, which was signed by George Peacock , afterwards Dean of Ely , Romilly , and others, calling upon him to summon a meeting of the seniority to take the matter into consideration. Musgrave's university distinction and liberal politics marked him out for preferment from

525-511: The Northern Province and by 1530 the Archbishop of York rarely attended sessions and the custom that York waited to see what Canterbury had decided and either accepted or rejected it was well established. The Convocation of York was, in practice, taking second place to that of Canterbury so much so that in 1852 the Archbishop of York Thomas Musgrave stated that since the time of Henry VIII

560-461: The archbishop had only attended personally two sessions (in 1689 and 1708). The legislative powers of the convocations varied considerably over the centuries. Until 1664, they (not Parliament) determined the taxes to be paid by the clergy, but their powers in general were severely curtailed by Henry VIII in 1532/4; and from the time of the Reformation till 1965 they were summoned and dissolved at

595-520: The bishops in the House of Lords expressed the mind of the Church as a whole In 1847 the routine session at the beginning of a new Parliament coincided with the polemical nomination of Dr Hampden to the see of Hereford. The formal address to the Queen was debated for six hours and an amendment carried praying the Crown to revive the active powers of convocation. The driving force behind the campaign to achieve this

630-421: The chancellor, the vice-chancellor and warden, the deputy vice-chancellor and provost, the pro-vice-chancellors, graduates of the university who have registered as members of convocation, and other officers of the university appointed by the university's council. It appoints the chancellor of the university, most recently Fiona Hill on 28 November 2022, and receives the annual report of the university. In

665-621: The death of Archbishop Edward Harcourt in 1847, he was translated to the archbishopric of York on 10 December 1847. His enthronement took place in York Minster on 15 January 1848. Musgrave died on 4 May 1860, aged 72. He is buried at Kensal Green Cemetery , London. A memorial to Musgrave was erected in York Minster in 1855 sculpted by Matthew Noble . On 12 December 1839, he married Hon. Catherine Cavendish, daughter of Richard Cavendish, 2nd Baron Waterpark and Juliana Cooper. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from

700-622: The first time and in 1285 the membership of the Convocation of Canterbury assumed the basic form which it retained till 1921: Bishops, Abbots (till the 1530s and the Dissolution of the Monasteries ), Deans, and Archdeacons, plus one representative of each cathedral chapter and two for the clergy from each diocese. By the fifteenth century, each convocation was divided into an upper house (the Bishops) and

735-400: The lay members of the diocesan conferences. These were not part of Convocation; they had no constitutional status and were merely advisory. At the beginning of the twentieth century, both Convocations together with their respective houses of laity began to meet as a Representative Council which however had no legal authority or position. This was superseded in 1920 by the Church Assembly which

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770-478: The members of the university that meets to make official decisions. In the University of Oxford , convocation was originally the main governing body of the university, consisting of all doctors and masters of the university, but it now comprises all graduates of the university and its only remaining functions are to elect the chancellor of the university and the Professor of Poetry . (The equivalent body at Cambridge

805-423: The realm like Parliament and that the lower clergy were being illegally disfranchised and denied its proper voice in government. Business was resumed in 1701 and by the time Queen Anne died in 1714 draft canons and forms of service had been drawn up for royal assent. However, there was an inherent tension between the two houses, the lower house was mainly Tory in its politics and high church in its doctrine while

840-488: The revival were taking part positively in its debates. Archbishop Musgrave maintained his opposition until his death in 1860—he even locked the room where it was due to meet—and the Northern Convocation remained inactive until his successor took office. The Convocations have always been exclusively clerical assemblies. However, in 1885 the Convocations agreed to the establishment of parallel Houses of Laity elected by

875-421: The same time as Parliament. Under Henry VIII and his successor Edward VI between 1534 and 1553 the Convocations were used as a source of clerical opinion but ecclesiastical legislation was secured by statute from Parliament. Later between 1559 and 1641, Elizabeth I, James I and Charles I gave the force of law to decisions of Convocation without recourse to Parliament by letters patent under the great seal notably

910-473: The stage are paintings of Athena , goddess of wisdom, and a "classically draped male." He painted two large murals above the stage, the left symbolically depicting Morality, Faith, and Patriotism, and the right depicting Art, Alma Mater , and Science. The center of the stage contains a wooden decorative structure that displays the Georgetown University seal and an IHS Christogram . This Christogram

945-501: The throne when attempts to include some of the Protestant dissenters met such resistance in the lower house that the government abandoned them and the Convocations resumed their purely formal meetings In 1697 Francis Atterbury published his Letter to a Convocation Man concerning the Rights, Powers and Privileges of that Body which, in essence, claimed that the Convocation was an estate of

980-514: The upper house was mainly Whig and latitudinarian and therefore in favour of toleration for Protestant dissenters and their possible reincorporation into the Church of England and feelings ran high until in 1717 the session was prorogued by Royal Writ to avoid the censuring of Bishop Benjamin Hoadly by the lower house (see the Bangorian controversy ) and with the exception of an abortive session in 1741

1015-477: The zenith of its reputation under Dr Tate . In 1804 he was admitted as a pensioner of Trinity College, Cambridge , and in 1807 was elected scholar. In 1810 he graduated B.A. as fourteenth wrangler , when William Henry Maule was senior wrangler, and Thomas Shaw Brandreth second. In 1811, he was members' prizeman and in 1813 he took his M.A.. Musgrave was elected junior fellow in 1812, and senior fellow in 1832. In 1821, though his knowledge of eastern tongues

1050-520: Was Archbishop of York from 1847 to 1860. Musgrave was the son of William Peet Musgrave (b.1756), a wealthy tailor and woollen-draper of Cambridge , and Sarah his wife. He was born in Slaughter House Lane on 30 March 1788, and baptised at the parish church of Great St. Mary's on 25 April. He and his two brothers - the elder of whom, Charles Musgrave , became eventually archdeacon of Craven - were educated at Richmond Grammar School , then at

1085-511: Was also an active and judicious county magistrate. In politics, he was a decided liberal, but "without any admixture of party spirit". He was a warm advocate for the relaxation of all religious tests on admission to university degrees. The petition which in March 1834 was presented to both Houses of Parliament with that object, lay at his rooms for signature. In May 1834, the pressure put upon Connop Thirlwall , afterwards Bishop of St. David's , by

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1120-485: Was by no means profound, he was appointed Lord Almoner's Professor of Arabic . He was Senior Proctor in 1831. He took holy orders, and filled in succession the college livings of Over (1823), St. Mary's, Cambridge (1825–1833), and Bottisham (1837). He became senior bursar of his college in 1825, and during a long tenure of the office, only resigning it when he left Cambridge in 1837, his sound judgment and practical knowledge of business proved of great service. He

1155-565: Was given the right to propose measures to Parliament by the " Enabling Act of 1919 ". The Convocations still exist and their members constitute the two clerical houses of the General Synod but, apart from some residual and formal responsibilities, all legal authority is now vested in the Synod which was established in 1970. At universities, "convocation" can refer (particularly in North America) to

1190-473: Was the London banker, Henry Hoare , who dedicated himself to the task. The opposition was formidable: half the clergy and most of the laity rejected the idea, many politicians were against it and the two archbishops— John Bird Sumner and Thomas Musgrave—had no desire to revive Convocation. The legal basis of the resistance was the claim that convocation could only discuss such business as was expressly specified by

1225-795: Was the center of some controversy when it was covered by a piece of black plywood at the request of the White House for a speech by President Obama on the stage of Gaston Hall. Due to its significant place in Georgetown's history, Gaston Hall has hosted numerous prominent individuals to speak. In addition to university events such as the Philodemic Society 's Merrick Debate and the South Asian cultural show Rangila, in recent times, Gaston Hall has been host to (among others): Politics and government: Public life: Convocation A convocation (from

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