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41-570: To current and former editors and staff, the magazine is often known simply as The Garg . The Gargoyle' s office is located on the second floor of the Student Publications Building at 420 Maynard Street in Ann Arbor , Michigan. The office serves as the staff's production area; it is also home to a number of relics, including two bombshells obtained from the local army surplus and a poster from popular film Whore 2 . The Gargoyle

82-692: A commissioning editor in a publishing house. Finding marketable ideas and presenting them to appropriate authors are the responsibilities of a sponsoring editor. Copy editors correct spelling , grammar and align writings to house style . Changes to the publishing industry since the 1980s have resulted in nearly all copy editing of book manuscripts being outsourced to freelance copy editors. At newspapers and wire services , press or copy editors write headlines and work on more substantive issues, such as ensuring accuracy, fairness, and taste. In some positions, they design pages and select news stories for inclusion. At British and Australian newspapers,

123-406: A household where they were "regarded as somewhere between an heir and a slave, partaking in different ways of both categories." Despite the warmth of feelings between the parent and child, "an alumnus might be treated both as a beloved child and as a household servant." An alumnus or alumna is a former student or a graduate of an educational institution (school, college, university). According to

164-406: A person or an entity to convey a message or information. The editing process can involve correction, condensation, organization, and many other modifications performed with an intention of producing a correct, consistent, accurate and complete piece of work. The editing process often begins with the author's idea for the work itself, continuing as a collaboration between the author and the editor as

205-461: A product for its final release. The smaller the publication, the more these roles overlap. The top editor at many publications may be known as the chief editor , executive editor , or simply the editor. A frequent and highly regarded contributor to a magazine may acquire the title of editor-at-large or contributing editor . Mid-level newspaper editors often manage or help to manage sections, such as business, sports and features. In U.S. newspapers,

246-442: A research paper or report, and correcting errors in citations. From basics to more critical changes, these adjustments to the text can be categorized by the different terms within technical editing. There are policy edits, integrity edits, screening edits, copy clarification edits, format edits and mechanical style edits, language edits, etc. The two most common and broad are substantive editing and copy editing. Substantive editing

287-417: A school, college, or university. The feminine plural alumnae is sometimes used for groups of women, and alums ( sg. : alum ) or alumns ( sg. : alumn ) as gender-neutral alternatives. The word comes from Latin , meaning nurslings, pupils or foster children, derived from alere "to nourish". The term is not synonymous with "graduates": people can be alumni without graduating, e.g. Burt Reynolds

328-493: A silent "n") are both pronounced with the accent on the second syllable (al-UM), as opposed to the chemical compound alum and its plural, "alums" (pron. AL-um). Many universities have alumni offices that coordinate fundraising and offer benefits to registered alumni. Alumni reunions are popular events at many institutions. These may be organized by alumni offices or by alumni associations , and are often social occasions for fundraising . Full membership of alumni associations

369-552: A team of in-house editors, rely on a network of individual contractors or both. Such firms are able to handle editing in a wide range of topics and genres, depending on the skills of individual editors. The services provided by these editors may be varied and can include proofreading , copy editing , online editing , developmental editing , editing for search engine optimization , etc. Self-employed editors work directly for clients (e.g., authors, publishers) or offer their services through editing firms, or both. They may specialize in

410-452: A type of editing (e.g., copy editing) and in a particular subject area. Those who work directly for authors and develop professional relationships with them are called authors' editors . There is hope for self-employed editors because all editing differs based on tradition, experience, education, personal style, values, etc. Alumni Alumni ( sg. : alumnus ( MASC ) or alumna ( FEM )) are former students or graduates of

451-444: Is cinematic editing. Cinematic editing entails anything that is to be used as cinematic material, mainly films. Cinematic editing dates back to the early 1900's when American filmmaker, D.W. Griffith , produced the first films that essentially paved the way for the editing techniques that are still used today. The progression of technology brought about advancements in gear, which meant filmmakers were able to achieve new techniques in

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492-551: Is correctly used for groups composed of both sexes: the alumni of Princeton University . The term is sometimes informally shortened to "alum" (optional plural "alums"). This is increasingly being used more formally as a gender-neutral alternative. However, and for this latter purpose, the option "alumn" and "alumns" are also used in some institutions in Australia, Europe and the UK. The words "alum/alums" and "alumn/alumns" (pronounced with

533-463: Is developmental because it guides the drafting process by providing essential building blocks to work off of. They work closely with the author to help supply ideas. Copy editing happens later in the drafting process and focuses on changing the text so that it's consistent throughout in terms of accuracy, style, flow, and so on. This is usually the preferred editing for the surface-level cleaning up of work. Large companies dedicate experienced writers to

574-475: Is sometimes limited just to graduates rather than all alumni, e.g. at Harvard University . Universities with validation agreements may limit some alumni benefits to graduates who studied at that university rather than at validated institutions. In British English , the terms " old boy " or "old girl" are often preferred for a former pupil of a primary or secondary school, while universities refer to their former students as alumni. Some universities, including

615-430: Is the main way of editing video clips, but in the 1900s, it was linear editing . As computer systems and software have developed, video clips are now able to be uploaded directly to the editing software, making the editing process quicker. With this evolution of editing, creativity has been sped up, editing has become easier, and there are now countless ways for writers to tell stories. In terms of editing visual content,

656-530: The Gargoyle staff grew to pre-pandemic levels, and the print magazine underwent an expansion from 16 to 24 pages. Art Director Ruth Marks has also facilitated an artistic revival in the magazine, in no small part due to the recruitment and loyalty of numerous artists and illustrators from the Penny W. Stamps School of Art and Design . Over the decades it has been a Gargoyle tradition for the mascot to periodically change at

697-522: The United States Department of Education , the term alumnae is used in conjunction with either women's colleges or a female group of students. The term alumni is used in conjunction with either men's colleges , a male group of students, or a mixed group of students: In accordance with the rules of grammar governing the inflexion of nouns in the Romance languages , the masculine plural alumni

738-536: The Vietnam War and was re-published by college publications throughout the United States. Though the Gargoyle was very successful in the '60's, it struggled to publish in the early 1970s, returned for a few issues in 1974–75, and returned to consistent publication in 1979. The magazine has been forced off-campus (in 1950) and shut down completely (1960–61, 1997) as the result of editorial and financial conflicts with

779-452: The sexual revolution of the 1960s, Gargoyle became progressively more risque. While sex, illegal drugs, and otherwise raunchy jokes have been common fare in issues of the Gargoyle since the 1970s, the magazine has generally tried to maintain a level of intelligence and artistry in its humor. Art editor Phil Zaret's satirical cartoon, "Kill a Commie for Christ", originally published in the Gargoyle in 1967, became extremely popular during

820-507: The Board for Student Publications (previously the Board in Control of Student Publications). At one time the magazine was sold for prices varying from fifty cents to two dollars, but for the last five years, it has been free, all revenue being generated by advertisements. In 1962, cartoonist Charles M. Schulz responded to a request for a Peanuts cartoon by drawing Snoopy with his nose perched over

861-517: The ability to sustain focus while working through lengthy pieces of text on complex topics, tact in dealing with writers, and excellent communication skills. Additionally, one does not need an English major to partake but language aptitude certainly helps. Editing is a growing field of work in the service industry . There is little career training offered for editors. Paid editing services may be provided by specialized editing firms or by self-employed ( freelance ) editors. Editing firms may employ

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902-471: The book publishing environment, while the roles of production editor and copy editor remain. However, another editor is sometimes involved in the creation of scholarly research articles. Called the authors' editor , this editor works with authors to get a manuscript fit for purpose before it is submitted to a scholarly journal for publication. The primary difference between copy editing scholarly books and journals and other sorts of copy editing lies in applying

943-405: The case of multi-author edited volumes , before the manuscript is delivered to the publisher it has undergone substantive and linguistic editing by the volume's editor, who works independently of the publisher. As for scholarly journals , where spontaneous submissions are more common than commissioned works, the position of journal editor or editor-in-chief replaces the acquisitions editor of

984-458: The continuous advancements in technology. As a result, the grounds and values of editing have changed as well. For instance, text is often shortened and simplified online because of the preference for quick answers among this generation. Additionally, the advancement in social issues has made it possible to offer easy access to vast amounts of information. Apart from editing written work, video editing has also evolved. Nowadays, non-linear editing

1025-541: The emergence of new forms of media and language that have led to a move towards multimodality . Today, hardcopies and print are no longer the main focus of editing as new content like film and audio require different kinds of edits. Technical editing is now more commonly done using applications and websites on devices, which requires editors to be familiar with online platforms like Adobe Acrobat , Microsoft Office , and Google Docs . The significance and intentions behind editing have also changed, moving beyond print due to

1066-662: The end of his dog house in the manner of a gargoyle—this became a standard Snoopy pose. In March 2020, the Gargoyle entered exclusively digital circulation as the COVID-19 pandemic raged. Intrepid Editor-in-Chief Maddie Eberstein and Business Manager Nick Dabagia orchestrated the magazine's return to print in Fall 2021 with the Unwelcome Back issue. Dabagia became Editor-in-Chief following Eberstein's graduation in April 2022. Under his direction,

1107-412: The issue "The Smooth Gargoyle". Publication continued off campus for a year, and when Gargoyle returned the next year, literary pieces were discontinued and the focus became solely humor. During the 1950s the magazine acquired a counterculture reputation, promoting everything from co-ed housing in the 1950s to Vietnam War protests in the 1960s. In response to the advent of Playboy in the 1950s and

1148-422: The level below the top editor is usually the managing editor . In the book publishing industry, editors may organize anthologies and other compilations, produce definitive editions of a classic author's works (scholarly editor), and organize and manage contributions to a multi-author book (symposium editor or volume editor). Obtaining manuscripts or recruiting authors is the role of an acquisitions editor or

1189-423: The manipulation of different qualities of a photo. Today, there are a multitude of applications to choose from to edit the content or qualities of photos; PhotoShop is a common example, as well as other applications such as Adobe Lightroom. Modern photo editing techniques include, but are not limited to linearization, white balance, noise reduction, tone reproduction and compression. The other form of Visual editing

1230-478: The phrase alma mater , a title for a person's home university. In Latin, alumnus is a legal term ( Roman law ) to describe a child placed in fosterage . According to John Boswell , the word "is nowhere defined in relation to status, privilege, or obligation." Citing the research of Henri Leclercq , Teresa Nani , and Beryl Rawson , who studied the many inscriptions about alumni, Boswell concluded that it referred to exposed children who were taken into

1271-404: The post-production process through editing. Editors went from physically cutting and rearranging film to working on virtual timelines using software like Davinci Resolve or Premiere pro . Technical editing involves reviewing text written on a technical topic, identifying usage errors and ensuring adherence to a style guide. It aims to improve the clarity of the text or message from the author to

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1312-595: The reader. Technical editing is actually the umbrella term for all the different kinds of edits that might occur. Technical editing may include the correction of grammatical mistakes, misspellings, mistyping, incorrect punctuation, inconsistencies in usage, poorly structured sentences, wrong scientific terms, wrong units and dimensions, inconsistency in significant figures, technical ambivalence, technical disambiguation, statements conflicting with general scientific knowledge, correction of synopsis, content, index, headings and subheadings, correcting data and chart presentation in

1353-625: The standards of the publisher to the copy. Most scholarly publishers have a preferred style that usually specifies a particular dictionary and style manual—for example, The Chicago Manual of Style , the MLA Style Manual or the APA Publication Manual in the U.S., or the New Hart's Rules in the U.K. Editing has a long history dating back to the earliest times of written language. Over time, editing has evolved greatly, particularly with

1394-557: The technical editing function. Organizations that cannot afford dedicated editors typically have experienced writers peer-edit text produced by less experienced colleagues. It helps if the technical editor is familiar with the subject being edited. The "technical" knowledge that an editor gains over time while working on a particular product or technology does give the editor an edge over another who has just started editing content related to that product or technology. General essential skills include attention to detail, patience, persistence,

1435-486: The term is sub-editor . They may choose the layout of the publication and communicate with the printer. These editors may have the title of layout or design editor or (more so in the past) makeup editor . In film editing, many techniques are available for use, however, using one doesn't make your edit 'better' than if it were not to be used. Within the publishing environment, editors of scholarly books are of three main types, each with particular responsibilities: In

1476-428: The two main forms would be photo and cinematic. Photo editing has evolved considerably from humble means, dating back to the early 20th century. During the 1920s, photographers established a new discipline of creative editing by creating collages from multiple photos. By the late 1980's, it became possible to computerize images by running physical photos through a scanner. Over time, software began to develop, aimed toward

1517-459: The whims of the current editor and artists on staff. In the 1999 book, Gargoyle Laughs at the 20th Century , editor John Dobbertin compiled all Gargoyle staff members credited in the masthead to date. This list includes several University of Michigan alumni before they became famous, including the following: Editing Editing is the process of selecting and preparing written , visual , audible , or cinematic material used by

1558-453: The work is created. Editing can involve creative skills, human relations and a precise set of methods. Practicing editing can be a surefire way to reduce language error in future literature works. There are various editorial positions in publishing. Typically, one finds editorial assistants reporting to the senior-level editorial staff and directors who report to senior executive editors. Senior executive editors are responsible for developing

1599-463: Was an alumnus of Florida State University but did not graduate. The term is sometimes used to refer to former employees, former members of an organization, former contributors, or former inmates. The Latin noun alumnus means "foster son" or "pupil". It is derived from the Latin verb alere "to nourish". Separate, but from the same root, is the adjective almus "nourishing", found in

1640-451: Was founded in 1909. Its first editor in chief, Lee A. White, eventually became editor of the Detroit News and helped found La Choy Foods . Gargoyle was initially a literary magazine featuring stories, articles and pictures with a back section devoted to comedy . In the 1920s and 1930s, a period during which it was selected as America's Outstanding College Comic Magazine, Gargoyle

1681-405: Was published monthly during the school year. The decrease in male students brought about by World War II resulted in the first woman, Olga Gruhzit, becoming editor of Gargoyle in 1942. In 1944, at the height of the war, Gargoyle briefly ceased publication, only to return in the fall of 1945. Gargoyle was declared dead in 1950 when the Board in Control of Student Publications took offense to

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