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121-724: The bureau is based at Dublin Castle , Dublin 2 and also has offices at the Garda Dublin Metropolitan Region (DMR) Headquarters at Harcourt Street, Dublin City. It is headed by a Detective Chief Superintendent and four Detective Superintendents , reporting to the Assistant Commissioner in charge of the Garda National Support Services . Detective Chief Superintendent Seamus Boland is the current head of

242-486: A Walsh in 1491. The Tongue or Stone Boat, dividing the flow 2:1, was agreed to be maintained, and the city was to pay for any related works required on the monastic weir on the Dodder. St Thomas's Abbey was to receive one mark for the agreement, and an annual rental of five marks, though records show that payments were delayed or not made on occasion. Further, the officials of the city were allowed to gather citizens, and tenants of

363-561: A budget to secure more supply and applied to the royal officers. On 29 April 1244, the leading official in Ireland, the Justiciar, Maurice Fitzgerald, directed the Sheriff of Dublin to appoint a panel of municipal freemen to find a suitable source of water and a way to bring it to Dublin. This writ was backed by a threat of arrest for anyone obstructing the project. Following the civic inquisition, as it

484-893: A chamber (7 metres by 3 metres), the Poddle enters Dublin Castle under the Ship Street Gate, runs to the Chapel Royal, and then is turned sharply towards the Liffey; it is in this area that the Black Pool once existed. The Poddle leaves the castle complex by the Palace Street Gate, with a bigger branch line splitting off towards City Hall (formerly the site of the Nunnery of St Mary Le Dam), turning to run parallel under Dame Street, and later angling east. The more direct line continues almost directly towards

605-504: A culvert for some hundreds of metres. The Poddle passes the K.C.R. (Kimmage Crossroads), and Poddle Park and Ravensdale Park, once the site of another mill complex and now a small public park. After a mix of culverted and open sections, it reaches Sundrive Road in Crumlin, where a shopping centre was built on the site of another former mill, the Larkfield complex. The river's line divided at

726-674: A defensive fortification for the Norman city of Dublin, it later evolved into an official residence, used by the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland or Viceroy of Ireland, the representative of the monarch . The second-in-command in the Dublin Castle administration, the Chief Secretary for Ireland , also had his offices there. Over the years parliament and certain law courts met at the castle before moving to new purpose-built venues. It also served as

847-783: A diversion from the City Watercourse, the Tenter Water , joined, with a small tributary. The Tenter Water is so-called after the Tenter Fields , an area between Greenville Avenue and the modern Oscar Square once used for stretching and drying fabrics, and later laid out for market gardens. There was a fall of about 8 metres in a short span within the Liberties, which allowed the Poddle to power multiple mills and factories. Previously there were two short open stretches between canal and Patrick Street, but as of 2018, only one remained. The Poddle

968-745: A flood interception area in the eastern division, and a flow control device at the outlet from Tymon Lake, formation of an Integrated Constructed Wetland near Tymon Lake, flood wall construction in multiple locations, water capture engineering in one park in the Kimmage area near Crumlin, channel realignment in Whitehall Park, manhole upgrading and potentially sealing in multiple locations, including near South Circular Road and within Temple Bar. The river rises at an altitude of c. 92m, passes through Tymon Park at around 60m, and runs steadily downhill to sea level before

1089-488: A grated opening in the Liffey's stone walls at Wellington Quay. The Poddle was used as the boundary between two major land grants by King John as Lord of Ireland, one to the first Anglo-Norman Bishop of Dublin, John Comyn , from east of its original course as far south as Harold's Cross, and the other to the Abbey of St Thomas à Becket , west from the Poddle and as far south as Kimmage. The abbey also held lands further south in

1210-653: A higher elevation, increasing the pressure in the pipes, was built as the final form of the City Basin in 1721, as the population had risen from 60,000 in the 1680s to around 120,000. The resulting flow of water supplied what was called the Pipe Water Establishment, a special division of Dublin Corporation, for centuries. Different persons were over time entrusted with the task of overseeing the water flow towards Dublin, such as one John Pylle of Templeogue in 1456, and

1331-537: A large fountain (also built by the company who made the modern Stone Boat, as of 2019 it was not in operation for some years) to the river. The main course of the Poddle passes the Russian Orthodox Church community complex and runs along the edge of Mount Jerome Cemetery (and between the main cemetery and the dedicated Muslim section). It then goes into a culvert to pass under the grounds of Harold's Cross Hospice, Greenmount Lane and Greenmount Business Park, where

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1452-467: A medieval fortress to a Georgian palace. No trace of medieval buildings remains above ground level today, with the exception of the great Record Tower ( c.  1228 –1230); it is the sole surviving tower of the original fortification, its battlements an early 19th-century addition. In 1764, English traveller John Bush wrote: "The Castle, as it is called from its having been the situation of one, I suppose, of which at present there are very few remains,

1573-453: A possible derivation from the English puddle , most likely as a "translation" of the older Irish name. An alternative Irish language name for the river, Abhainn Sáile or Salach (the "dirty river"), has also been Anglicised colloquially as "the river Salach", Salagh, Glasholac, and similar. Salach (anglicised Sologh, Soulagh, Sallagh ) would in this case be used in the sense of "muddy pool" –

1694-459: A salary of 10 pounds, who by 1836 also held the office of collector of taxes at a commission of 7.5%, and a non-statutory role of superintendent at a further salary of 25 pounds. The Registrar of the Diocese of Dublin acted as an unofficial secretary to the commission, for occasional substantial payments, while there was also a surveyor, and one of the commissioners acted as honorary treasurer. By 1836

1815-494: A water defence for the south and east faces of Dublin Castle, though its flow was not substantial enough to create a significant barrier, and a dam was built near the river's exit from the castle (giving the name to Dame Street), to provide a greater depth of water. A ditch was dug along the northern and western faces of the castle, and took some water from the Poddle, though the overall moat was at one time described as "partly wet and partly dry". The old town walls met with those of

1936-488: Is a former motte-and-bailey castle and was chosen for its position at the highest point of central Dublin. Until 1922 it was the seat of the British government's administration in Ireland . Many of the current buildings date from the 18th century, though a castle has stood on the site since the days of King John , the first Lord of Ireland . The Castle served as the seat of English, then later British, government of Ireland under

2057-575: Is a major City Council depot, to the site of St Thomas Abbey, south of Thomas Street. After this it runs southeast, passing Pimlico, Ardee Street and the western end of the Coombe, again crossing the line of the Commons Water, and then turning almost 90 degrees at Warrenmount, a former convent, in the northern part of Blackpitts, where there was a large millpond and major mill, and a side millrace, and heading for its ancient course. At Fumbally Lane by Warrenmount

2178-497: Is a river in Dublin , Ireland, a pool of which ( dubh linn , "black pool" or "dark pool" in Irish) gave the city its English language name. Boosted by a channel made by the Abbey of St. Thomas à Becket , taking water from the far larger River Dodder , the Poddle was the main source of drinking water for the city for more than 500 years, from the 1240s. The Poddle, which flows wholly within

2299-500: Is commemorated by an annual trek from central Dublin into the mountains since five people began it in 1954; as of 2017, 200 hikers are chosen from 800 or more applicants each year. The Poddle once flowed near what became St Patrick's Street in two streams, and the original St Patrick's Church was built between them and is recorded as Ecclesia S. Patricii in Insula ( the Church of St Patrick on

2420-454: Is further joined at the intersection of the Coombe and Patrick Street by the Commons Water from along the Coombe street, and ultimately rising in Crumlin . A short street section, now Dean Street, was once named Cross-Poddle. From New Row, the river's ancient course more or less resumed, subject to some straightening. Nowadays, much of the lowest course of the Poddle is in a large brick tunnel under

2541-585: Is itself a 13th-century diversion, the Abbey Mill Stream , made for the Abbey of St Thomas a Beckett, usually known simply as St Thomas Abbey. It diverted the Poddle west, then northeast to the abbey then returned it downhill to the original course. It was later named the Earl of Meath's Watercourse as it ran through the Earl's Liberty, and was owned by him. The original Poddle course, which ran nearly directly north (west of

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2662-413: Is one of the oldest rooms in the castle, dating from the 1740s, though its decoration largely dates from c. 1790, including the most significant painted ceiling in Ireland, executed by Vincenzo Valdre (c. 1742–1814). Composed of three panels, the ceiling depicts the coronation of King George III , Saint Patrick introducing Christianity to Ireland, and King Henry II receiving the submission of

2783-527: Is primarily related to the boosting of the supply with the feed from the Dodder. However, in modern terms the river is considered a "highly-modified urban watercourse", with at least the following features having been artificially made, in addition to the culverting in the uppermost parts of the course: The Poddle flows within the jurisdictions of South Dublin County Council and Dublin City Council , and

2904-562: Is the oldest room in the castle and largely retains its original decoration, having escaped major modification and fire over the years. It dates from Lord Chesterfield 's building of the State Apartments in the 1740s, and was intended for use as a supper room adjoining St. Patrick's Hall and as a personal dining room. Today the room is still used for dining when conferences take place in St. Patrick's Hall. These former private quarters of

3025-479: Is the residence of the lord lieutenant when in Ireland, but has very little of grandeur in its external appearance besides the large square court-yard, which it encloses. But the rooms, some of them, are large and elegant". United Irishmen General Joseph Holt , a participant in the 1798 Rising , was incarcerated in the Bermingham Tower before being transported to New South Wales in 1799. In 1884 officers at

3146-419: The Earl of Meath's Watercourse , and water supply in the Liberties of Dublin, were bought out by Dublin Corporation in 1864, for 6,400 pounds. As the city grew, supplies were insufficient to allow constant flow to all properties, and it had to be rationed, with special city employees called turncocks engaged to open and close valves to different streets in turn, ringing handbells to advise residents when this

3267-770: The Garda National Immigration Bureau (GNIB) and other law enforcement agencies on the international front. Ireland has become a gateway to the European market for international drug smuggling gangs, as well as the domestic market, which has seen disputes spill over into targeted assassinations on the streets of Irish cities. Previous seizures by Gardaí, the Irish Naval Service and the Revenue Commissioners Customs have come close to topping €1 billion, with one individual seizure of cocaine off

3388-711: The Irish Free State came into being in 1922, Dublin Castle ceased to function as the administrative seat. It served for some years as temporary Courts of Justice (the Four Courts , the home of the Irish courts' system, had been destroyed in 1922). After the courts vacated the premises, the Castle was used for state ceremonies. As President of the Executive Council , Éamon de Valera received credentials there from newly arrived ambassadors to Ireland on behalf of King George V in

3509-690: The Lordship of Ireland (1171–1541), the Kingdom of Ireland (1541–1800), and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922). After the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty in December 1921, the complex was ceremonially handed over to the newly formed Provisional Government led by Michael Collins . It now hosts the inauguration of each President of Ireland and various State receptions. The castle

3630-632: The 1830s as the principal reception room of the Lord Lieutenant and his household, today this room is reserved in use for the reception of foreign dignitaries. Largely destroyed by fire in 1941, the room was reconstructed with minor modifications in 1964–1968 by the OPW, making use of salvaged and replicated furnishings and fittings. Also called the Picture Gallery, and formerly known as the Supper Room, this

3751-570: The 1930s. In 1938, Douglas Hyde was inaugurated as President of Ireland at the Castle. All inaugurations of subsequent presidents have taken place there since. President Erskine Hamilton Childers ' lying-in-state took place there in November 1974, as did that of former President Éamon de Valera in September 1975. The State Apartments, located in the southern range of buildings of the Upper Yard, contain

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3872-460: The 2011 flooding the local authorities asked the Office of Public Works to prioritise study of the Poddle, and a Catchment-Based Flood Risk Assessment and Management Study was carried out by 2013, with three flood management proposals prepared as a result. Following public consultation in 2014, design work was due, as of 2016, on a plan focused on excess water storage options, primarily at Tymon Park, and

3993-635: The Anglo-Norman invasion, as it is referenced in an early assignment of lands by King John. By around 1300, there already appear to already have been at least six mills: a pair of King's Mills and a pair named after a Doubleday, all between the castle and the Liffey, along with the Pool (later Pole) Mill by Dublin Castle, and the Schyeclappe Mill (for a long time the property of the Guild of Tailors) in what would become

4114-571: The Architects of Ireland . Construction began anyway in 1970. Some elements of the OPW are based in an old stables area, and some functions of the Garda Síochána are also based at the Castle. The complex of buildings is usually open to the public, except during certain state functions. The crypt of the Chapel Royal is now used as an arts centre, and occasional concerts are held in the grounds of

4235-599: The Back of the Pipes , to the "City Basin" reservoir (as established c. 1670 and rebuilt c. 1720) in Basin Street. The City Basin was said to be one of the first urban water reservoirs in modern Europe, and the City Watercourse and Basin allowed many distilleries and breweries to be set up on the western edge of the city in the 1700s, including the St James's Gate Brewery . Near the City Basin

4356-671: The Castle were at the centre of a homosexual scandal incited by the Irish Nationalist politician William O'Brien through his newspaper United Ireland . In 1907 the Irish Crown Jewels were stolen from the Castle. Suspicion fell upon the Officer of Arms, Sir Arthur Vicars , but rumours of his homosexuality and links to socially important gay men in London, may have compromised the investigation. The jewels have never been recovered. At

4477-477: The Castle. This tower stood at the northwest corner of the medieval enclosure. The base remains behind the west range of the upper castle yard. John Cornforth described the Castle as "not even a work of architecture" but "a piece of English make-do and mend". The complex houses, among other things, some offices of the Revenue Commissioners , including a Stamping Office in a 20th-century building at

4598-638: The Castle. The castle complex also hosts the Chester Beatty Library , in a purpose-constructed facility, with a café, the Garda Museum , in the Treasury Building, and the Revenue Museum. The former site of the "dark pool" on the Poddle was remodelled into a garden, with a water feature that commemorates fallen Gardaí, and a helipad. Opposite the garden is a sculpture and plaque commemorating

4719-587: The County of Dublin, including a weir on the River Dodder at Balrothery near Firhouse. The abbey is believed to have built the Abbey Mill Stream diversion in that period, changing the flow's direction at a location around the present-day gates of Mount Jerome Cemetery, so as to supply the monastery. However, the supply (especially the persistent dry weather flow ) from the then 13 square kilometres flat catchment area

4840-584: The Dodder itself). The Poddle's modest volume was boosted for over 700 years by a significant addition of water diverted from the River Dodder at a large weir at Balrothery in Firhouse, and carried by the three-kilometre first section of the City Watercourse. The ancient artificial watercourse was made by monks not later than the 1240s, and its use later extended with the sanction of the Anglo-Norman administration in Ireland. The watercourse takes an interesting bend after it crosses under Wellington Lane, which looks like

4961-541: The Drugs and Organised Crime Bureau carry semi-automatic 9mm SIG Sauer P226 , Walther P99 and concealable 99c pistols due to the dangerous nature of their work. The main focus of the bureau is on; Dublin Castle Dublin Castle ( Irish : Caisleán Bhaile Átha Cliath ) is a major Irish government complex, conference centre, and tourist attraction. It is located off Dame Street in central Dublin. It

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5082-618: The English Civil War to leave the Cromwellian forces occupying Dublin short of both water and milling capacity for food production. Reputedly a later landowner in Templeogue, Sir Compton Domville, threatened to do the same if a nephew convicted of murder was executed; the threat was not tested, as the aristocrat in question, Lord Henry Barry, had his sentence commuted to banishment. There were also issues with mill operators and landowners near

5203-406: The European Presidencies of 1990 and 2013, and are made available for rental by the private sector too. The castle's State Apartments and their associated collection of historic materials form an accredited museum, and the castle complex is also home to a Garda Síochána unit and the Garda Museum , some parts of the Office of Public Works , some functions of the Irish Revenue Commissioners – and

5324-430: The Garda Drugs and Organised Crime Bureau. The Drugs and Organised Crime Bureau was formed in February 2015 with the amalgamation of the Garda National Drugs Unit ( GNDU ) and Garda Organised Crime Unit ( OCU ) as part of the Irish government 's National Drugs Strategy 2009-2016 . The National Drugs Unit had been operating since its creation in 1995, often working in tandem with the newer Organised Crime Unit, which

5445-473: The Grand Canal, after which it flows on to the Liffey at that level. Despite its historical importance, it is not one of the larger volume tributaries of the Liffey, which has over 100 watercourses in its system, excluding the tributaries of the Dodder, but it is one of the best-known of the more than 135 rivers and streams within the historic County Dublin. The majority of the Poddle's flow comes from storm and surface water drainage. Historically, in addition to

5566-458: The Great Hall built of stone and timber, variously used as Parliament house, court of law and banqueting hall. The building survived until 1673, when it was damaged by fire and demolished shortly afterwards. The Court of Castle Chamber , the Irish counterpart to the English Star Chamber , sat in Dublin Castle in a room which was specially built for it about 1570. The Castle sustained severe fire damage in 1684. Extensive rebuilding transformed it from

5687-404: The Irish salach means "dirty, filthy" in general, but in toponyms refers to a puddle or mire. A large pool once existed at the confluence of the River Poddle with the Liffey, which was wider then. This water in the pool was dark, probably due to peat staining, and so it was named dubh linn in Irish, which means dark pool or black pool . This historic pool existed under the present site of

5808-411: The Irish chieftains. The state dinner hosted by the President of Ireland to welcome Queen Elizabeth II to Ireland was held here on the evening of 18 May 2011. Following the disestablishment of the Church of Ireland in 1871, the Order of St. Patrick , Ireland's order of chivalry, moved its ceremonial home from St. Patrick's Cathedral to St. Patrick's Hall. The banners and hatchment plates of

5929-454: The Irish coast in 2008 estimated to be worth €750 million. From 2009 to 2014 there have been over 700 arrests of drug dealers who were infiltrated by undercover Gardaí. There have been cases which involved members of the undercover drug unit who were so convincing posing as drug addicts that they were arrested by other undercover Gardaí who did not actually believe they were part of the undercover unit. Detectives and undercover Gardaí attached to

6050-528: The Island ). The church was elevated to collegiate status by John Comyn in 1191 and the early building of wood was remade in "hewn stone" and dedicated to "God, our Blessed Lady Mary and St Patrick" on 17 March of that year. The next prelate, Henri de Loundres , elevated it as St Patrick's Cathedral in 1213, which left Dublin as a rare city with two cathedrals. Historians have debated the choice of site, on marshy ground between two streams, and Bernard proposed that it could only be because of some holy association of

6171-459: The Islandbridge supply. Even when no potable water was required from the Poddle, the city authorities were obliged to maintain a certain flow in the river for the benefit of industrial users such as mills and breweries, and a last modernisation of the Balrothery weir and sluice arrangements was made in the early 19th century. With no need to worry about contamination of drinking water, pollution increased notably, and Whitelaw and Walsh commented that

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6292-449: The King's treasure. Largely complete by 1230, the castle was of typical Norman courtyard design, with a central square without a keep , bounded on all sides by tall defensive walls and protected at each corner by a circular tower. Sited to the southeast of Norman Dublin, the castle formed one corner of the outer perimeter of the city, using the River Poddle as a natural means of defence along two of its sides. The city wall directly abutted

6413-454: The Liberties. Later mills existed on all of the Dodder-Poddle City Watercourse, the Poddle proper, the inner City Watercourse, and possibly on other city-centre branch lines. On Mallet's list of mills, 12 are described as being within the Poddle system, while William Smith's list of 1879 has 40. Mills and industrial facilities supported by the City Watercourses and Poddle included: The Poddle, and initially Dubh Linn too, naturally provided

6534-506: The Liffey end, and the syphon under the Grand Canal, has no significant persistent fish population, and also lacked sensitive invertebrate species. Specifically, there are no salmon-like species, and no other fish of fisheries interest and none are likely to gain access moving upstream from the Liffey. Limited inputs suggest that the water is often of poor quality, including suffering from some elevated nutrient levels. The Poddle has been described as artificial since medieval times, though this

6655-419: The Liffey, passing under the Olympia Theatre (formerly a music hall). Beyond the theatre, near the Project Arts Centre , the two branches re-combine and proceed almost directly north, under offices and the quay road. The river's tunnel passes multiple sewers in this area; none normally outfall into it but there are some storm overflows. The confluence of the Poddle and the Liffey is visible at lower tides as

6776-402: The Lord Lieutenant were built as five interconnecting rooms running along the back of the building, adjoining the spine corridor that separates them from the state drawing room. Completely rebuilt in the 1960s following a fire in 1941, the rooms maintain the original courtly sequence and today are used as ancillary drawing and meeting rooms to the principal apartments. The last dignitary to stay in

6897-399: The Lord Mayor and the Recorder of Dublin, the Church of Ireland Archbishop of Dublin, the Deans of both St Patrick's and Christ Church Cathedrals, the Lord Chief Justice, the Chief Justice of Common Pleas, the Principal Secretary of State for Ireland, the Attorney and Solicitor-General, and the Earl of Meath, along with later-added diocesan officials, the Chancellor of St Patrick's Cathedral and

7018-409: The Lord of the Manors of St Thomas Court and Donore, while the Secretary of State was replaced by the Keeper of the Privy Seal. The Poddell Tax could be collected from the officers of St Patrick's Cathedral and residents of the cathedral close (later stated as the Liberty of St Sepulchre) and St Patrick Street, but also from residents of two full liberties, and even more broadly, from all living within

7139-420: The National Stadium. It travels under the South Circular Road and a former large cigarette factory and comes to Donore Avenue (once called Love Lane). It then goes almost west to the Back of the Pipes area, where it passes over the Commons Water, and almost reached the City Watercourse when it was extant, before swinging east. Its course passes Cork Street and runs parallel to parts of Marrowbone Lane, where there

7260-423: The Poddell Commission, was formed by an Act in the times of Charles II to manage city centre flooding from the river, especially if it might affect St Patrick's Cathedral. It had a small staff, and the powers to take emergency action, and to assess and collect a special tax to support its work. As of 1835, the commission's membership included many of the most senior officials of both Dublin and Ireland, including both

7381-410: The Poddle "formed an immense sewer ... putrefying the streets under which it passes..." while William Handcock said that it was "so polluted by paper-making that it has become poisonous, and cattle and horses have died from drinking it." On at least one occasion the millers on the Liberties street known as Pimlico did seek permission to clean the river at their own expense. The Dodder-Poddle connection

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7502-414: The Poddle and City Watercourse, and banned tuck and woollen mills from the system. The Abbey of St Thomas was suppressed in 1538, and its rights passed to the Brabazon family, later Earls of Meath. The Brabazons had their own reservoir, the Liberty Basin, built in 1820 at Pim Street; it was built over in Victorian times. The Meath rights over the "main Poddle" line, renamed from the Abbey Mill Stream to

7623-415: The Poddle could still pose a hazard: "It occasionally, however, bursts from its caverns and inundates the vicinity ... particularly Patrick Street, Ship Street and the Castle Yard, and Dame Street, where it is sometimes necessary to use a boat." During the major reconstruction of the cathedral in the nineteenth century, the graves of Dean Jonathan Swift and Stella were moved to their present location, due to

7744-414: The Poddle used to receive the artificial stream from the direction of Templeogue and Firhouse. This channel, the first stretch of City Watercourse , carried water from the River Dodder extracted at Balrothery Weir in Firhouse ; as of 2020, it has been dry for at least two decades. It then passes into Kimmage via Wainsfort Manor, and by Wainsfort Manor Green there is a sluice gate to manage high flow. If

7865-405: The Revenue Museum – and the Chester Beatty Library . Dublin Castle was first founded as a major defensive work by Meiler Fitzhenry on the orders of King John of England in 1204, sometime after the Norman invasion of Ireland in 1169, when it was commanded that a castle be built with strong walls and good ditches for the defence of the city, the administration of justice, and the protection of

7986-453: The River Liffey at Wellington Quay in central Dublin . Flowing in the open almost to the Grand Canal at Harold's Cross , its lower reaches, including multiple connected artificial channels, are almost entirely culverted. Aside from supplying potable water for the city from the 13th century to the 18th, to homes, and to businesses including breweries and distilleries, the river also provided wash water for skinners, tanners and dyers. Its volume

8107-431: The Tongue-field; it is now on a suburban street. The restoration or rebuilding was done by the company, Tiernan Builders, who built the modern housing adjacent. The lesser portion formed the second section of the man-made City Watercourse, heading north for Crumlin Road and Dolphin's Barn . Its line passes the Grand Canal east of Dolphin's Barn Bridge, where it is intercepted by the Grand Canal Tunnel Sewer, and on through

8228-415: The base for a military garrison and later also intelligence services. Upon the formation of the Irish Free State in December 1922, the castle temporarily assumed the role of the Four Courts , the legal complex badly damaged during the Civil War ; this arrangement would last for a decade. It was decided in 1938 that the inauguration of the first President of Ireland , Douglas Hyde , would take place in

8349-423: The castle at the Poddle, and a double arch was found in the northern part of the castle in modern times (the part where the moat passed under the town wall appears to have been filled in c. 1400). In 1592, Red Hugh O'Donnell and Art O'Neill escaped from Dublin Castle through a garderobe drain down into the Poddle, then proceeding out into the Liffey and on to the Dublin Mountains. This escape, O'Donnell's second,

8470-435: The castle's northeast Powder Tower, extending north and westwards around the city before rejoining the castle at its southwestern Bermingham Tower. In 1620 the English-born judge Luke Gernon was greatly impressed by the wall: "a huge and mighty wall, foursquare, and of incredible thickness". In the 17th century, the Earl of Arran described the Castle as "the worst castle in the worst situation in Christendom". The Poddle

8591-525: The castle, and the complex has been host to this ceremony ever since. The castle is also used for hosting official state visits as well as more informal foreign affairs engagements, state banquets, including that for the historic visit of Queen Elizabeth II in 2011, and Government policy launches. It also acts as the central base for Ireland's hosting of the European Presidency , approximately every 10 years. Two dedicated conference facilities, The Hibernia Conference Centre and The Printworks were installed for

8712-429: The centrepiece of a flood capture area, during flood alleviation works, with an Integrated Constructed Wetland also to be added. It then parallels Limekiln Road before passing under Wellington Road, going east and turning northeast by Glendown Drive. In this area, it forms the northern border of Templeogue , towards Greenhills , and then the southern border of the small district of Perrystown . Near Templeville Road,

8833-434: The city streets and Dublin Castle , and while access is restricted, it is of walkable scale and at least two writers on the river have been given tours of part of the route. This section is found from Patrick Street, where the river ran in two streams, overground for centuries, and then underground until the 1920s, when a single brick-lined culvert was constructed under the eastern side of the street. Having passed through

8954-562: The city, as the Liffey was tidal within the city area, and undrinkable, and the other major south-side watercourse, the Camac , was too far from the main settlement (although there may have been a channel, sometimes called the Camac Millrace, diverting some flow from it), while the Steyne River was too small. By the 13th century, the water supply was inadequate and the residents of Dublin allocated

9075-418: The coach house and castle gardens of Dublin Castle . A settlement in the vicinity was known as Dyfflin by its Viking founders, derived from the Irish name. The stretches of artificially made stream from Balrothery to Kimmage, and from Harold's Cross to the City Basin were both known as City Watercourse . The offtake from the site of Donore Castle through Marrowbone Lane is known as the Tenter Water but

9196-533: The commission, being composed mostly of senior officials with many responsibilities, rarely held a quorate meeting (none had been convened successfully since 1830, at least). The Poddell Tax was either 6 pence or 1 shilling in the pound on 2,632 buildings, with 20 pounds required from St Patrick's Cathedral and 280 from Dublin Castle. At the request of four of the Poddle Commissioners, the Lord Lieutenant asked Dublin's Commissioners of Paving to consider taking on

9317-645: The cover of the Jandek album Khartoum Variations . In George Moore 's A Drama in Muslin , Dublin Castle appears in a number of chapters as the venue for high society events associated with the Viceroy and the British administration in Dublin. [REDACTED] Media related to Dublin Castle at Wikimedia Commons River Poddle The River Poddle ( Irish : An Poitéal )

9438-463: The danger of flooding, and initially, it was limited overall only to "such tax ... as should be sufficient" but to 5 pounds per person. The geographic reach of the tax was later extended to Dublin Castle and the residents or businesses on both sides of any street on or with a drain linked to the Poddle, and capped at 1s in the pound of rateable valuation of the property, and at 3 pounds per house. The commission had as its chief employee an inspector at

9559-480: The district, tending northeast, and passing through the Kimmage Manor complex, where it actually goes under one of the buildings. The river's main course through the manor complex is supplemented by a culverted channel along its edge; the flow goes through the surface channel only in normal conditions but when it rises in spate, it overflows into the culvert too. At the end of the grounds, the flows combine and exit in

9680-579: The end of the Castle Yard. The modern office block was designed by Frank du Berry, a senior OPW architect, in the late 1960s. The design was denounced by many groups, citing the unsympathetic nature of the four-storey block and the placement, which disrupted the rectangular layout of the Castle. Among the groups that objected were the Irish Georgian Society , An Taisce , and the Royal Institute of

9801-500: The first known reports of what would nowadays be called industrial pollution, in 1718, an investigation traced the source to a paper mill and a tuck mill, and an initially successful legal defence by the millers led to the passage of An Act for cleaning and repairing the watercourse from the River Dodder to the City of Dublin, and to prevent the diverting and corrupting the Water therein , which gave Dublin Corporation much greater authority over

9922-431: The former Parliament House on College Green, it features a marching procession of vaults and arches which were originally top-lit. Regrettably, an office storey was built over the skylights following complete reconstruction of the corridor in the 1960s as the result of a differential settlement with the reconstruction of the adjoining drawing room. The corridor features exact plaster casts of the original arch detailing, and

10043-422: The four Tallaght Catholic parishes), then between a special school and Tallaght Community School, to come to Tymon Lane, formerly the only road for miles, linking Templeogue and then-remote Greenhills, when Tallaght was a small village. The river flows north into the western division of Tymon Park , a large public park formed in the 1980s and 1990s, where it curves northwest and then east again. It runs below both

10164-480: The knights who were living at the time when most of Ireland gained independence as the Irish Free State , in December 1922, remain in place. Originally built as the Battleaxe Hall in the 1740s, it was converted to a presence chamber around 1790. The regal decoration dates from that time and from alterations in the 1830s. It contains a throne built for the visit of King George IV to Ireland in 1821. Remodelled in

10285-461: The line of Clanbrassil Street and south to north through Blackpitts), was wholly lost. The Abbey Mill Stream line goes as far as New Row. The inner-city stages of the river's flow are complex, with related channels separating and joining. Emerging from the syphon under the Grand Canal, the river continues to bend northwest, passing the grounds of the former barracks, now Griffith College and going by

10406-463: The location, most probably with St Patrick. For centuries the Poddle, even as it was progressively culverted , caused regular flooding and dampness in the cathedral, as well as many other buildings in the Blackpitts and St Patrick's Street areas. On one occasion it is described as flooding the cathedral to a depth of 5 feet, and on another to overtopping the prayer desks. An enquiry into obstructions of

10527-641: The north of the former Institute of Technology, Tallaght campus (now the Tallaght campus of the Technological University Dublin ), and passes the Tallaght Athletics track before going through a small public park, Bancroft Park. It continues to the east, past where a tributary from the vicinity of Tallaght Priory used to flow in. The small river goes on through Tymon North, turning northeast and passing schools and St Aengus Church (centre of one of

10648-455: The original doorcases and fireplaces were salvaged prior to rebuilding. The castle includes towers at two corners; other towers that once existed within the complex. The base of the original Bermingham Tower is one of the few remaining parts of the original castle. At the southwest corner of the castle, the tower has a modern upper part. It is unclear which member of the De Bermingham family

10769-547: The partial capture of the Dodder flow, there was potential for snowmelt or storm "bursts" in the Dodder feed, but this possibility is now cut off. The river's catchment area is around 16.4 square kilometres, most of which is urbanised. The bedrock over most of the Poddle's catchment is a mix of limestone and shale, with some aquifer capacity, covered by limestone-derived till and gravel, and then by various gravels, alluvium and human-activity-derived soils. The river, due to limited flow, long-term issues with pollution, and barriers at

10890-541: The problem of the Poddle. Even in the early 20th century, the Dean noted that the water level was only 7.5 feet below the floor. By this time the Poddle Water, as it was labelled, was fully underground in the area, coming from New Street via Freestone Alley, with one channel passing in culvert right outside the main door of the cathedral, the other under the front edge of the buildings across St Patrick's Street. A statutory body,

11011-551: The religious settlements, to repair the weir, channels and dividing structure, and it is recorded that the Tongue was rebuilt in 1555. There were also deliberate acts of interference with the water supply. In 1534, rebels following Silken Thomas broke the supply lines in an attempt to help his cause, and in 1597 the Talbots of Templeogue blocked the flow in a dispute with mill-owners using its power, an act repeated by Royalist forces during

11132-466: The reuse of an existing ditch around an earlier ecclesiastical site. Often roads follow the boundaries of such sites, and this would be a rare example of a watercourse doing so. Near the northern end of the artificial connection was a major milling complex, the Mount Down Mill. The point in Kimmage where the City Watercourse joined the river is known exclusively as the Poddle. It continues on through

11253-491: The river once supplied a pond and mills. It travels under the Grand Canal in a syphon, with an overflow to the Greater Dublin Drainage Scheme pipe, and enters the inner city. It was confirmed in 2020 that there is still a continuous flow through to the Liffey. The river passes under much of the south city centre in culvert , with perhaps just one short open stretch remaining. The "modern" lower main course

11374-542: The role and powers of the Poddle Commission, and they accepted this task, proposing to discontinue the special tax except with regard to cathedral and castle. The transfer of powers was done in 1840 and the powers were later in turn transferred to Dublin Corporation. There have been issues with suburban flooding in more recent times, with serious floods in Harold's Cross and Kimmage in 1987, 1990, 1993 and 2011. Following

11495-481: The rooms formerly used by the Lord Lieutenant for personal accommodation and public entertaining during the Castle Season. Today these richly decorated rooms are used by the Irish government for official engagements including policy launches, hosting of State Visit ceremonial, and the inauguration of the president every seven years. The apartments and their collections form an accredited museum. The principal rooms of

11616-552: The royal bedrooms was Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher , who spent a night there with her husband Denis during one of the European Council meetings held in the 1980s. The most architectural space of the State Apartments, this expressive, deeply modelled corridor, was originally built c. 1758 to the designs of the Surveyor General , Thomas Eyre . Based on the early 18th-century corridor of Sir Edward Lovett Pearce in

11737-462: The site of an ancient structure called "The Tongue", near what is now Mount Argus monastery in Harold's Cross . This is a wedge of stone, also known as the "Stone Boat", that divides the flow, in a 2:1 proportion when a certain depth of flow is reached. While the current "Stone Boat" is a modern replacement, it was formed based on the preceding structure (constructed in 1245), which lay in an open area called

11858-637: The site of the ruined Tymon Castle and the site of the later house of the same name (now a County Council depot), through an area of three small ponds, and one main one, and then crosses under the M50 orbital motorway to the eastern division of the park. In this division, after passing Limekiln Rounders Club and Clondalkin Cricket Club, the Poddle runs east. Additional small ponds, and one larger one, sometimes Tymon Lake , were added to its course here. The river reaches in this eastern section are to be redesigned, and made

11979-404: The state apartment complex include: This is the grandest room of the state apartments, and contains one of the most important decorative interiors in Ireland. Formerly the ballroom of the Lord Lieutenant's administration, today the room is used for presidential inaugurations. If a president of Ireland dies in office, such as Erskine H. Childers in 1974, it is here that he or she lies in state. It

12100-529: The tower was named for; perhaps William or Walter or John or Sir Walter. The Record Tower at the southeast corner is another original part of the castle. Also known as the Wardrobe Tower, it originally dates from the 1220s. It was restored between 1810 and 1813 by Francis Johnston . It hosted the Garda Museum until its 2017 relaunch in the Treasury Building. Construction of Bedford Tower began in 1750, and

12221-518: The traditional County Dublin , is one of around a hundred members of the River Liffey system (excluding the Dodder tributaries), and one of over 135 watercourses in the county; it has just one significant natural tributary, the Commons Water from Crumlin . The Poddle rises in the southwest of County Dublin, in the Cookstown area, northwest of Tallaght , in the county of South Dublin , and flows into

12342-479: The use of flood walls . In 2020 there were public meetings about the resulting Flood Alleviation Scheme, a planning application was submitted to An Bord Pleanala by the two local authorities together, and a further submission prepared in response to a request for further information by An Bord. The final flood alleviation scheme has as main features: design to manage a 100-year flood, with 40–60% culvert obstruction, embanking in both divisions of Tymon Park, including

12463-611: The very beginning of the Easter Rising of 1916, a force of twenty-five Irish Citizen Army members were able to seize the entrance and guard room of the Castle before reinforcements for the small garrison arrived. During the Anglo-Irish War the Castle was the nerve centre of the British effort against Irish separatism . On the night of Bloody Sunday in 1920, three Irish Republican Army members Dick McKee , Conor Clune and Peadar Clancy , were tortured and killed there. When

12584-513: The volunteers of the 2003 Special Olympics World Summer Games . Dublin Castle is maintained and managed by the Office of Public Works (OPW). Dublin Castle has appeared in numerous films including Barry Lyndon , Michael Collins , Becoming Jane and The Medallion , as well as the television series The Tudors , where it doubles as the Vatican in the pilot. Part of Dublin Castle appears on

12705-570: The water backs up, some is diverted into what is today the Lakelands Overflow culvert. Historically a surface channel, this now runs underground to cross Wainsfort Road, runs along past the Terenure College buildings and comes out at the western end of the college's lake (the lake, in turn, has a tunnel connection to the River Dodder at Bushy Park, though the lakes in that park, formerly supplied with Poddle water, are now supplied solely from

12826-441: The water near the cathedral was held in 1437, while in 1493 and 1664 Parliament directed that locals must keep the drains clear, but still in 1701 flooding was so severe that people could boat past the cathedral, and in 1744 services had to be moved to Christ Church Cathedral. Major flooding is also noted in 1778, 1791, 1795, and on through the 19th century. In the early 19th century two historians commented that even largely culverted

12947-568: The water was distributed by way of surface channels in Thomas Street and High Street, with a fountain added in Cornmarket in 1308; the supply to Dublin Castle may have been already then, and certainly was later, carried by lead piping. The basin was renewed around 1670, and pipes of lead, and later also timber, were laid into the city. A more modern and larger reservoir (9.5  million-gallon capacity, three months' supply at that time), also built at

13068-534: The water. The river is mentioned briefly in James Joyce's novel Ulysses , and multiple times in Finnegans Wake , which mentions its role in Dublin's growth. The name Poddle is first recorded in 1493, as Podell , in 1603 as Puddell . The modern spelling Poddle is first found in 1695. P.J. McCall in 1894 attempted to etymologise the name as from the term pottle , a measure of land. Carroll (1953) considers

13189-449: The watercourses taking more water than they were entitled to, some even constructing impromptu sluices by cutting openings in the banks, temporarily closed with earth but easily opened for irrigation purposes. Legislation to manage the Poddle supply included rules forbidding dumping into the watercourses, or washing clothes in them, and grazing of animals alongside, for the latter of which a fine per animal per day could be levied. Following

13310-459: Was a commission of senior state and municipal officials to try to manage this, with the power to levy and collect a Poddle Tax. The flooding led both to the lack of a crypt at the cathedral and to the moving of the graves of satirist Dean Swift , author of Gulliver's Travels , and his friend Stella . The river and its associated watercourses were famously polluted in certain periods, at one point allegedly sufficiently so as to kill animals drinking

13431-420: Was boosted by a drawing off from the much larger River Dodder, it powered multiple mills, including flour, paper and iron production facilities, from at least the 12th century until the 20th. It also provided water for the moat at Dublin Castle , through the grounds of which it still runs underground. The Poddle has frequently caused flooding, notably around St. Patrick's Cathedral , and for some centuries there

13552-470: Was built by the dark pool ("Dubh Linn") which gave Dublin its name. This pool lies on the lower course of the River Poddle before its confluence with the River Liffey ; when the castle was built, the Liffey was much wider, and the castle was effectively defended by both rivers. The Poddle today runs under the complex. Dublin Castle has fulfilled a number of roles throughout its history. Originally built as

13673-455: Was called, a deal was made, in 1244–1245, with the Abbey of St Thomas, to use their Dodder-boosted Poddle supply for broader city purposes. Near the point where the abbey had diverted the Poddle, but a little further south, the flow was divided, and a new, city-owned channel, the City Watercourse, was formed, carrying the water towards the James' Street area, where a storage basin was built. Initially,

13794-556: Was completed in 1761 by Thomas Eyre. The Guard House mirrors it. The base of this tower can be seen in the basement of the northeast corner of the lower castle yard. It was also known as the Storehouse Tower and was built around 1228. Its calp walls were 3.7 metres thick, and the internal diameter was 6.1 metres. The base of this tower is still along the flow of the River Poddle. Surviving Viking defences remain under this section of

13915-637: Was disturbed by housing developments from the 1970s, and was allowed to dry out in the late 20th century; only a tiny part still carries water, though ample evidence of the watercourse can be seen: the sluices and channel on the north side of the Great Weir still stand. There was discussion about a partial restoration for historical interest but this has not, as of 2020, progressed. The river supplied water for multiple industries, including brewing and distilling, as well as skinners, tanners and dyers, and powered multiple mills. At least one mill seems may have pre-dated

14036-461: Was diverted into the city through archways where the walls adjoined the castle, artificially flooding the moat of the fortress's city elevations. One of these archways and part of the wall survive buried underneath the 18th-century buildings, and are open for public viewing. Through the Middle Ages the wooden buildings within the castle square evolved and changed, the most significant addition being

14157-406: Was limited and had to supply tenants of both abbey and cathedral, so in the early thirteenth century, they developed a scheme to take water from the Dodder at their weir, by the 3 km Firhouse-Kimmage City Watercourse channel, boosting the Poddle's flow considerably (it constituted the majority of the flow for much of the year). The river provided an early source of clean and drinkable water for

14278-459: Was occurring. The city water started to be sourced in other ways from 1745, when an early Waterworks Engineer , James Scanlon, set up a water wheel to draw from the Liffey above the tidal reaches, at Islandbridge, to supply northern Dublin. In 1775, water was diverted from the Grand Canal to supply the city, and in 1790, the Royal Canal was drawn into municipal supply for northern Dublin, in place of

14399-558: Was previously also called the Pimlico River . The Poddle begins as the Tymon River in the Cookstown area of "Greater Tallaght", northwest of Tallaght village, between Tallaght Hospital and Cookstown Industrial Estate. After a largely culverted stretch, its early open course, near Old Belgard Road and the former Jacob's Biscuit factory, has been straightened where it flows in what is now an area of light industrial development. It runs to

14520-414: Was set up on a pilot basis in 2005 and became an established entity in 2008. The merger was announced by Garda Commissioner Nóirín O'Sullivan during tough budgetary times in an effort to create a more effective and proactive drugs "super unit". Organised and serious crime is also the responsibility of the larger Garda National Bureau of Criminal Investigation (NBCI), and the new bureau works closely with

14641-453: Was the original starting point of the Grand Canal , and a supply of canal water eventually replaced Poddle water for some purposes, including the making of Guinness. The greater flow continues along a form of the original river bed. In the 1990s, changes were made in the Kimmage and Harold's Cross areas, including the formation of a decorative small pond as part of flood capture works, with

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