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20-848: The unit was established in 1991 as part of the Garda National Economic Crime Bureau and known as the Cyber Crime Investigation Unit. With the growth in computer crime and the Commission on the Future of Policing in Ireland report, the unit was re-established in 2017. The unit is divided into Computer Forensics 1 (CFE1) and 2 (CFE2), the Cybercrimes Investigations Unit, the Cyber Intelligence Unit,

40-510: A large volume of transactional data using data mining or data-matching techniques to identify persons potentially engaged in a particular activity. SARs can also be scrutinized and linked with other data to try to identify specific activity. FININT involves scrutinizing a large volume of transactional data, usually provided by banks and other entities as part of regulatory requirements. Alternatively, data mining or data-matching techniques may be employed to identify persons potentially engaged in

60-580: A particular activity. Many industrialized countries have regulatory reporting requirements for its financial organisations. It may be possible for the FININT organization to obtain access to raw data at a financial organization. From a legal standpoint, this type of collection can be quite complex. For example, the CIA obtained access to the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT) data streams through

80-415: A uniform valuation per carat to people in places of the world where there are no automated teller machines. An entire briefcase filled with uncut diamonds without the serial numbers found on refined precious metals can be used to make large illicit value transfers. The practice coexists with human trafficking, narcotics, weapons dealing, terrorism, and the evasion of economic sanctions and embargoes. However,

100-487: Is a member of the Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence Units . Financial intelligence Financial intelligence ( FININT ) is the gathering of information about the financial affairs of entities of interest, to understand their nature and capabilities, and predict their intentions. Generally the term applies in the context of law enforcement and related activities. One of the main purposes of financial intelligence

120-669: Is responsible for the investigation of serious financial fraud and corruption. It was established in April 1996 and is based at Harcourt Square, Dublin 2. The GNECB is headed by an officer of Detective Chief Superintendent rank, who reports to the Assistant Commissioner of Special Crime Operations. The Economic Crime Bureau investigates serious and complex cases of commercial fraud, money laundering , terrorist financing , cheque and payment card fraud , counterfeit currency , advance fee fraud , bribery and corruption and breaches of

140-734: Is to identify financial transactions that may involve tax evasion , money laundering or some other criminal activity. FININT may also be involved in identifying financing of criminal and terrorist organisations. Financial intelligence can be broken down into two main areas, collection and analysis. Collection is normally done by a government agency, known as a financial intelligence organisation or Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU). The agency will collect raw transactional information and Suspicious activity reports (SAR) usually provided by banks and other entities as part of regulatory requirements. Data may be shared with other countries through intergovernmental networks. Analysis, may consist of scrutinizing

160-557: The Companies Acts and competition law . As an investigative unit, all members are experienced investigators, and include trained financial, legal and specialists, such as forensic accountants . The GNECB is divided into a number of operational units with a Detective Superintendent or Detective Inspector in charge of each specialist area: Until 1 September 2016, the Garda National Cyber Crime Bureau (GNCCB)

180-660: The Fraud Squad – is a specialised division of Ireland's national police force, the Garda Síochána , that investigates economic crimes. The Bureau operates as part of the Garda Special Crime Operations branch and works alongside other sections of the force, as well as the external Office of the Director of Corporate Enforcement (ODCE), an agency tasked with investigating white-collar crime . The Economic Crime Bureau

200-472: The Internal Revenue Service has since instituted new anti-money laundering regulations to control the gem trade. Another intriguing possibility is that a terrorist might buy stocks which are likely to appreciate in the event of a terrorist attack, such as defense industry stocks, or sell short stocks which are likely to depreciate, such as airlines. This possibility led to many investigations of

220-581: The September 11, 2001 attacks an allegation was made in The Wall Street Journal that tanzanite stones were being used as an untraceable currency and source of income for terrorists. This has not since been firmly established. See possible examples . The custom common in Africa, uncut diamonds tend to be the de facto standard currency of the illicit small arms trade. Diamonds may be easily counted with

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240-516: The Terrorist Finance Tracking Program , but this violated Belgian privacy law. Reporting requirements may not affect Informal value transfer systems (IVTS) the use of which may simply be customary in a culture, and of amounts that would not require reporting if in a conventional financial institution. IVTS also can be used for criminal purposes of avoiding oversight. Examples of financial intelligence analysis could include: At

260-567: The Vodafone Ireland data centre at Clonshaugh Business and Technology Park, operating a computer in Cork city with an intent to make a gain for himself and a loss for others and also making a demand with menaces by threatening to release customer information. His mother and a third person were also charged. This followed a two-year investigation by the Bureau. Detective Garda Paul Fitzpatrick testified to

280-591: The Cyber Security Unit and Cyber Safety Unit. The unit has headquarters in Harcourt Square, Dublin and in 2021 four hubs were established in Cork , Galway , Mullingar and Wexford . David Young of Cloyne , County Cork was charged with intentionally accessing an information system without lawful authority or reasonable excuse, intentionally hindering or interrupting the functioning of an information system at

300-565: The arrest, charge and caution of all involved. In October 2021 David Young pleaded guilty to the charges. After the National Cyber Security Centre had restored the Health Service Executive computers, the bureau began investigating the case. Garda National Economic Crime Bureau The Garda National Economic Crime Bureau ( GNECB ; formerly Garda Bureau of Fraud Investigation/GBFI) – informally known as

320-412: The gathering of information and financial intelligence (FININT) for the force and Irish government , extending to terrorism financing , and proactively detecting and preventing fraud through sting operations . As part of European Union (EU) counter-terrorism initiatives on tackling Islamic extremism and jihadism , the Garda National Cyber Crime Bureau monitors suspects in Ireland and outside

340-741: The highest level, US domestic FININT, and also some international work, comes under the Under Secretary of the Treasury for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence , heading the Office of Terrorism and Financial Analysis, including: International financial activity comes primarily from the Department of the Treasury and the Central Intelligence Agency . See CIA access to the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT). Following

360-768: The jurisdiction using the internet to distribute propaganda such as videos linked to terror groups, especially the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant . It was established in 2016. The GNECB works particularly closely with the Office of the Director of Corporate Enforcement, Revenue Commissioners , Criminal Assets Bureau (CAB) and internally with the Garda National Bureau of Criminal Investigation (NBCI) relating to investigations concerning issues such as monetary fraud, suspicious transaction reports (STR), racketeering , embezzlement , corruption and bribery . The GNECB

380-512: The provision of a computer forensic service to the Garda Síochána. The Economic Crime Bureau focuses on major and complex economic crimes based on the following criteria: monetary loss, investigations involving a significant international dimension, investigations concerning widespread public concern, investigations requiring specialised knowledge and investigations involving complex issues of law or procedure. The Bureau's responsibility includes

400-796: Was housed within the National Economic Crime Bureau, including its time as the Computer Crime Investigation Unit (CCIU). However, it was subsequently constituted as a separate Bureau within the Special Crime Operations section of the Garda Síochána, with oversight by the Detective Chief Superintendent of the GNECB. The Bureau is headed by a Detective Superintendent and is responsible for the investigation of cybercrime and cyber-related crime, and for

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