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65-518: Recent award winners include Tom B.K. Goldtooth (2015), Kathy Kelly of Voices for Creative Nonviolence (2015), Omar Barghouti (2017), Ralph Nader (2017), Jackson Browne (2018), Dr. Zaher Sahloul of MedGlobal, and Mayson Almisri, a leader of the Syrian White Helmets (2020), and Kali Akuno, co-founder of Cooperation Jackson in Jackson, Mississippi (2023). Since 1960, when the first award

130-822: A Lakota holy man of the Spotted Eagle Way of the Oglala Lakota Nation. He currently resides near the headwaters of the Mississippi River in Bemidji, Minnesota . Goldtooth was born Bruce Kendall Goldtooth in Farmington, New Mexico , near the Navajo Nation. His mother is Norma Bell Lee, an enrolled member of the Navajo Nation and daughter of Melvin Lee (Dzi l t l'ahnii Clan) and Virginia Peslakai (Dibe'lizhini' Clan). She

195-430: A career in broadcast production. However, a heavy amount of the education they receive is hands-on activity through internships and working for on-campus broadcasting stations. This real world view of the field combined with classes that teach students the ins and outs of writing, capturing video, interviewing and editing creates a developed and prepared journalist. Finding a job in the broadcasting field can be tough due to

260-526: A ceremony held typically once a year in New York or New Haven at which the recipient is invited to present a message of challenge and hope. The Gandhi Peace Award was conceived by the founder of Promoting Enduring Peace , Yale Professor Jerome Davis . Davis first proposed the award to the board of Promoting Enduring Peace on 13 March 1959, with the name intended to pay tribute to the modern era's foremost advocate of nonviolent resistance, and partly to help rectify

325-579: A degree in Industrial Design within the Department of Engineering. He left school in 1973, enlisting in the U.S. Army and becoming a Finance and Accounting Specialist within the Army's payroll division. Goldtooth was stationed at Fort Lewis , Washington and later became active in the Army's Human Relations program, with a goal of undoing racism. Tom became a leader organizing Native soldiers to build solidarity in

390-495: A local, national and international level. He holds the indigenous portfolio work on policy issues of environmental protection, climate change, energy, biodiversity, environmental health, water and sustainable development. Goldtooth co-authored the REDD (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation) booklet on the risks of implementing the REDD (a mechanism of carbon trading and carbon offsets) program in indigenous territories. He

455-520: A man named Edward R. Murrow . Edward Murrow was an American who traveled to England in order to broadcast news about World War II . He stayed in London throughout the war and was the first to report on events such as bombings in London and updated the people on Hitler's reign. Murrow gained his fame mainly after reporting on Hitler 's German army annexing Austria. Many Americans relied on his broadcasts throughout

520-702: A medical technologist in Page, Arizona, a rural boom town in the 1960s that attracted workers from across the country for the construction of the Glen Canyon Dam, the second-largest dam in the United States. Page eventually became a tourist center for water recreation due to the damming of the Colorado River and the creation of Lake Powell. Tom attended high school in Page. Later, his parents moved from Navajo Springs to Page. During these years, Tom Goldtooth became active in

585-561: A member of the Navajo Nation from the Tuba City area. Dennis, a retired Navajo Nation policeman, is the son of Frank Goldtooth Sr., a renowned medicine man known as Bȅȅsh Biwoǫ (Iron-Metal [Gold] Tooth). Goldtooth lived with his maternal grandparents in Farmington as a child while his mother attended college in San Diego. After his mother graduated and married former U.S. marine Dennis Goldtooth,

650-428: A much larger industry because it was the easiest and quickest way for people to get updates on what was going on throughout the world. Informative radio continued while television reporting also began to take flight. Throughout the 1940s and 1950s television news sources grew, but radio still dominated. It wasn't until John F. Kennedy 's assassination in 1963 that television newscasting took off. Radio could only capture

715-506: A new trend that some allegedly fear will take over broadcast journalism as it is known. News companies, like Fox News, are employing citizen journalists, which is a new phenomenon in journalism. The terms " fake news " and " yellow journalism " have taken over broadcast journalism throughout the years. Its impact on broadcast journalism played a role in how news about the election was spread. Fake news defines how viewers see news that may be misleading or false. The main aim of yellow journalism

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780-462: A story, can be referred to related articles, can offer comments for publication and can print stories at home. Technological convergence also lets newsrooms collaborate with other media, broadcast outlets sometimes have partnerships with their print counterparts. Citizen broadcast journalism is a new form of technology that has allowed regular civilians to post stories they see through outlets such as Snapchat , Facebook , and Twitter . It has become

845-509: A symbolic plowshare and pruning hook inspired by Isaiah 2:4...″ Since 2011 the award has included a cash prize. The presentation ceremony is held in New Haven, Connecticut, USA. At present the laureates are and have been North Americans and British subjects. A book about the award from its inception through 1997, In Gandhi's Footsteps: The First Half Century of Promoting Enduring Peace , was written and published by James Clement van Pelt. In 1989

910-883: Is a member of the International Indigenous Peoples Forum on Climate Change — the UNFCCC's indigenous caucus. Goldtooth is a board member of the Science & Environmental Health Network, a member of the Global Alliance on the Rights of Nature, a member of the Steering Committee of the Climate Justice Alliance (CJA) and Coordinating Committee member of Grassroots for Global Justice (GGJ). Goldtooth also collaborated with Melissa Nelson, executive director of

975-440: Is an edited set of video clips for a news story and is common on television. It is typically narrated by a reporter. It is a story with audio, video, graphics and video effects. The news anchor , or presenter, usually reads a "lead-in" (introduction) before the package is aired and may conclude the story with additional information, called a "tag". A "reader" is an article read without accompanying video or sound. Sometimes an "over

1040-417: Is greatly narrowed and that local concerns are neglected, including local emergencies, for which communication is critical. Automation has resulted in many stations broadcasting for many hours a day with no one on the station premises. When radio first became popular, it was not used as a source of information; rather, people listened to the radio solely for entertainment purposes. This began to change with

1105-544: Is the message "). Television is dominated by attractive visuals (including beauty, action, and shock), with short soundbites and fast "cuts" (changes of camera angle ). Television viewing numbers have become fragmented, with the introduction of cable news channels, such as Cable News Network (CNN), Fox News Channel and MSNBC . The industry divides local television in North America into media markets. These television markets are defined by viewing area and are ranked by

1170-450: Is the sharing and cross-promoting of content from a variety of media, all of which, in theory, converge and become one medium. In broadcast news, the internet is a key to convergence. Frequently, broadcast journalists also write text stories for the Web, usually accompanied by the graphics and sound of the original story. Websites offer the audience an interactive form where they can learn more about

1235-759: The Boy Scouts of America and earned his Life Scout award. He was a candidate for the Eagle Scout award, almost completing the requirements, but moved away from Page to Winslow when his mother relocated. In recognition of his youth leadership he was initiated into the Order of the Arrow . He later received the Vigil Honor, as the highest honor that the Order of the Arrow can bestow upon its members. The early scouting experience along with following

1300-550: The Gandhi Peace Award for that year would be received by Medea Benjamin . In 2015 the award was presented to Tom B.K. Goldtooth and Kathy Kelly . In 2017 the laureates were Ralph Nader and Omar Barghouti . The laureate in 2018 was Jackson Browne . He is the first artist to receive the award. ^ * Martin Luther King Jr. was designated to receive the award in 1964 and did formally accept it, but shortly thereafter

1365-484: The Inuit Circumpolar Council (ICC), elevated the issue of human rights – rights of Indigenous Peoples in these global INC meetings negotiating the reduction of and elimination of 12 toxic chemicals called POPs, which is defined as "chemical substances that persist in the environment, bio-accumulate through the food web, and pose a risk of causing adverse effects to human health and the environment". Goldtooth

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1430-548: The teleprompters and professional video cameras and serve as lighting and rigging technicians ( grips ). Broadcast journalism is changing rapidly, causing issues within the business as well. Many people can no longer find jobs in broadcast journalism because much more is online and does not even need to be broadcast by a person. Others are being laid off to invest more money into new technologies. Other changes include innovations allowing TV stations to better alert viewers in emergencies and have higher quality services. Convergence

1495-658: The Coordinator of the Red Lake Nation environmental program focusing on closing three open landfill dumps. It was during this time that he discovered Tribes did not have the capacity for implementing needed environmental protection programs on Native lands. In 1991, he was selected by Native people attending the First National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit held on October 24–27, 1991, in Washington DC as

1560-619: The Cultural Conservancy Project, in San Francisco to establish the first Bioneers Conference Indigenous Forum, starting in 2007. Goldtooth also co-produced "Drumbeat for Mother Earth," an award-winning documentary which explored toxic and synthetic chemicals contaminating the food web , violating indigenous rights set forth in treaties between the United States and Indigenous nations who are situated between their borders, and

1625-564: The Goldtooth family tradition as cattle and horse ranchers along with the Navajo Hunter Way culture and Diné ceremonies, became the building blocks for his leadership in years to come. Through family hunting trips in Arizona, Goldtooth became an outdoor enthusiast and learned to respect and protect the environment. Goldtooth enrolled at Arizona State University in 1971 with the goal of earning

1690-644: The Lower Sioux Community in southwest Minnesota in 1981. Goldtooth later became the executive director of the St. Paul American Indian Center, commuting back and forth from rural Minnesota to St. Paul. He developed the American Indian Family Services program, which included an Indian foster care program. It was Wilford Gurneau, Red Lake Anishinaabe, that is credited with helping Tom develop Minnesota State's first all-Indian urban foster care program. It

1755-640: The NN. Through his experience in the Puget Sound region of Washington State in American Indian Child Welfare Act hearings and learning from Northwest Coast Native women about the needs for the protection of children and families, Tom provided leadership in strengthening casework in domestic and sexual abuse cases on the Navajo reservation. Following working on the Navajo reservation, Tom moved with his family to

1820-833: The Native spokesperson in the Summit's plenary sessions. This launched Goldtooth's leadership in environmental and economic justice within Native lands that would continue for years to come. Goldtooth currently serves as the executive director of the Indigenous Environmental Network, based in Bemidji, Minnesota. Goldtooth has been a presence within the Native American community and with Indigenous Peoples globally for over three decades, advocating and organizing with Native-Indigenous communities for environmental and economic justice on

1885-587: The Tacoma Indian Center. It was during this time that he decided to pursue a social work degree that would allow him to work with the social welfare needs of Native American families. After obtaining his AA degree from TCC, he enrolled into the Social Work (Welfare) Program of Pacific Lutheran University but did not finish his degree upon deciding to move to the Navajo Nation (NN). Goldtooth was hired as Fort Defiance Regional Bi-State Social Services Director of

1950-803: The anchor and co-founder of Democracy Now! , an independent global news program broadcast daily on radio and television and via the Internet. (Her acceptance speech may be viewed here .) The 2013 award was presented to Bill McKibben who is one of the most well-known leaders of the environmentalist movement in the United States. His first book was The End of Nature published in 1989. An activist and journalist, his work has appeared in The Atlantic Monthly , Harper's Magazine , Mother Jones , and Rolling Stone . (His acceptance speech may be viewed here .) Promoting Enduring Peace announced in January 2014 that

2015-506: The award was presented to Cesar Chavez , founder of the United Farm Workers of America , for his use of nonviolent tactics, including a national consumer boycott, to improve the conditions and compensation for migrant farm workers. (His acceptance speech may be viewed here .) In 2011 the award was presented to Rabbi Ehud Bandel and Rabbi Arik Ascherman for their leadership of Rabbis for Human Rights and its nonviolent resistance to

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2080-604: The comedy troupe The 1491s . Broadcast journalist Broadcast journalism is the field of news and journals which are broadcast by electronic methods instead of the older methods, such as printed newspapers and posters. It works on radio (via air, cable, and Internet), television (via air, cable, and Internet) and the World Wide Web. Such media disperse pictures (static and moving), visual text and sounds. Broadcast articles can be written as "packages", "readers", " voice-overs " (VO) and " sound on tape " (SOT). A "sack"

2145-533: The cumulative consequences that exposures to these chemicals causes as they bio-accumulate and bio-magnify in the bodies of Native-Indigenous women, children and men that is passed from one generation to the next. Goldtooth's participation as an Indigenous non-governmental organization (NGO) observer in the UN Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) meetings from 1998 to 2000, in partnership with Sheila Watt-Cloutier, then President of

2210-632: The decreased viewing and limited number of stations in each location, but the online media presence is causing employment to be, "...predicted to decline by 8% from 2014 to 2024." News anchors (formerly "anchormen") serve as masters-of-ceremonies and are usually shown facing a professional video camera in a television studio while reading unseen teleprompters . The anchors are often in pairs (co-anchors), who sit side by side and often alternate their reading. Meteorologists stand in front of chroma key backgrounds to describe weather forecasting and show maps, charts and pictures. Reporters research and write

2275-475: The evening news emphasizes "hard" news. Many young journalists start out by learning about broadcast journalism through high school courses. They learn how to navigate the newsroom and equipment, and they learn the ethics and standards of journalism. Although learning the responsibilities of a journalist is important, education is required to work in broadcast journalism. A bachelor's degree in, "...journalism, broadcast journalism or interactive media," can lead to

2340-461: The failure of the Nobel Committee to award its Peace Prize to Gandhi before his death in 1948. The award has been issued since 1960, when it was first presented to Eleanor Roosevelt, and consists of a certificate, a ceremony, and the presentation of a bronze medallion inscribed with a quotation by Gandhi: "Love Ever Suffers / Never Revenges Itself." A prominent New York sculptor, Don Benaron/Katz,

2405-639: The family moved back to the Navajo Nation. His stepfather became a Navajo Nation policeman stationed in Tuba City, Arizona , and later in the northwestern remote area of the reservation called Navajo Springs, near Marble Canyon, Arizona , and located in the area known as the Vermilion Cliffs-Colorado Plateau area located along the Colorado River. Tom often stayed with his paternal grandmother, Margaret Goldtooth, in Tuba City, and frequently visited his grandfather, Bȅȅsh Biwoǫ. His mother worked as

2470-466: The field of broadcast journalism is constantly having to adapt to the changing technology of today. Television (TV) news is considered by many to be the most influential medium for journalism. For most of the American public, local news and national TV newscasts are the primary news sources. Not only the numbers of audience viewers, but the effect on each viewer is considered more persuasive (" The medium

2535-668: The foundation of Indigenous traditional knowledge. Goldtooth has served as executive director of the Indigenous Environmental Network (IEN) since 1996 after serving as a member of the IEN National Council since 1992. Goldtooth (Dibe'lizhini' Clan) is an enrolled member of the Navajo Nation . He is also huŋka Bdewakaƞtoƞwaƞ Dakota from Minnesota . He is well known by his Dakota name of Mato Awaƞyaƞkapi, given to him by Pete Catches Sr. (Petaġa Yuha Mani),

2600-449: The history of broadcast journalism has its origins in the early days of radio transmission, it is television with its attractive visuals and rapid dissemination that has empowered broadcast journalism to emerge as the most influential form of journalism until the rise of the Internet and the new forms of journalism associated with digital technologies. The internet often beats out broadcast journalism in terms of reporting breaking news , and

2665-536: The nightly local newscasts are 30 minutes, and include sports coverage and weather. News anchors are shown sitting at a desk in a television studio. The news anchors read teleprompters that contain local interest stories and breaking news. Reporters frequently tell their stories outside the formal television studio in the field, in a remote broadcast setting where Electronic news-gathering (ENG) techniques are used with production trucks. Daytime television or morning shows include more "soft" news and feature pieces, while

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2730-458: The number of audience viewers. New broadcast journalists generally start in the smaller markets with fewer viewers and move up to larger television stations and television networks after gaining experience. The larger stations usually have more resources and better pay. United States stations typically broadcast local news three or four times a day: around 4:30–7 am (morning), 11:30 or noon (midday), 5 or 6 pm (evening), and 10 or 11 at night. Most of

2795-451: The organization rejected that course, Fr. Berrigan heard about the proposal and resigned the award. Tom B.K. Goldtooth Tom B.K. Goldtooth (born July 27, 1953) is a Native American environmental, climate, and economic justice activist, speaker, film producer, and Indigenous rights leader. He is active at local, national, and international levels as an advocate for building healthy and sustainable Indigenous communities based upon

2860-489: The persecution of Palestinians in the occupied territories. (Their acceptance speeches may be viewed here .) In 2012 the award was presented to Amy Goodman for her contribution to promoting a sustainable peace through the promotion of transparently truthful journalism—one essential part of which is to report the true nature and long-term after-effects of war. Goodman is an internationally known broadcast journalist , syndicated columnist , investigative reporter , author, and

2925-526: The post-Vietnam era. Tom was honorable discharged in 1976 and became active in the Puget Sound Native communities in sports, pow-wows and social activities. Tom earned his Associates of Arts (AA) degree from Tacoma Community College (TCC) in Human Services. He was also a Peer Counselor at TCC, helping Native students pursue their higher education goals. As a young man, he volunteered as a board member of

2990-706: The radio broadcasts were men. There was a small number of women who hosted programs that were for homemakers and were on entertainment broadcast. After World War II, the doors for women in broadcasting opened up. This was also due to the shortage of men that were home during the war, so news outlets looked to women to fill those gaps of times. In the 1960s and 1970s larger numbers of women began to enter into broadcast news field. Both radio and television are major sources for broadcast journalism today, even with rapidly expanding technology. Television still focuses on covering major events, but radio broadcasts focus more on analyzing stories rather than reporting breaking news. Although

3055-414: The recorded sounds of events themselves, and the anchor or host. Some radio news might run for just four minutes, but contain 12–15 stories. These new bulletins must balance the desire for a broad overview of current events with the audience's limited capacity to focus on a large number of different stories. The radio industry has undergone a radical consolidation of ownership, with fewer companies owning

3120-433: The shoulder digital on-screen graphic " is added. A voice-over, or VO, is a video article narrated by the anchor. Sound on tape, or SOT, is sound or video usually recorded in the field. It is usually an interview or soundbite. Radio was the first medium for broadcast journalism. Many of the first radio stations were co-operative community radio ventures not making a profit. Later, radio advertising to pay for programs

3185-475: The sound of the event, but television showed people the true horror of the assassination. This was one of the first major events in which news companies competed with each other to get the news out to the public first. CBS News was the first to report that Kennedy had been shot and was killed. News crews spent the next several days covering everything happening in Washington, including Kennedy's funeral. This set

3250-418: The spirit of Gandhi, to the struggle to achieve a sustainable world civilization founded on enduring international peace. In the 21st century the award is especially intended by its presenters to honor those whose lives and works exemplify the principle that international peace, universal socioeconomic justice, and planetary environmental harmony are interdependent and inseparable, and all three are essential to

3315-431: The standard for news stations to have to cover major events quicker and get them out to the public as they were happening. The JFK assassination helped to transform television journalism to how it is today, with instantaneous coverage and live coverages at major events. Television offered faster coverage than radio and allowed viewers to feel more as if they were experiencing the event because they could visualize exactly what

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3380-504: The stories and sometimes use video editing to prepare the story for air into a "package". Reporters are usually engaged in electronic field production (EFP) and are accompanied by a videographer at the scenes of the news; the latter holds the camera. The videographer or assistants manage the audio and lighting; they are in charge of setting up live television shots and might edit using a non-linear editing system (NLE). Segment producers choose, research and write stories, as well as deciding

3445-430: The survival of civilization. The award itself is symbolized by a heavy medallion and a certificate with an inscription summing up the recipient's work. The medallion, forged from Peace Bronze (a metal rendered from decommissioned nuclear missile command systems, evoking "swords into plowshares"), features Gandhi's profile and his words "Love Ever Suffers/Never Revenges Itself" cast in bronze. The award has been presented at

3510-428: The thousands of stations. Large media conglomerates such as Clear Channel Communications own most of the radio stations in the United States. That has resulted in more " niche " formats and the sharing of resources within clusters of stations, de-emphasizing local news and information. There has been concern over whether this concentration serves the public. The opposition says that the range of political views expressed

3575-419: The timing and arrangement of the newscast. Associate producer, if any, specialize in other elements of the show such as graphics. A newscast director is in charge of television show preparation, including assigning camera and talent (cast) positions on the set, as well as selecting the camera shots and other elements for either recorded or live television video production. The technical director (TD) operates

3640-515: The video switcher, which controls and mixes all the elements of the show. At smaller stations, the Director and Technical Director are the same person. A graphics operator operates a character generator (CG) that produces the lower third on-screen titles and full-page digital on-screen graphics. The audio technician operates the audio mixing console. The technician is in charge of the microphones, music and audio tape. Often, production assistants operate

3705-436: The war to gain information about the war. More people also began to rely on radio for information after the attacks on Pearl Harbor . People found out about the bombing through President Roosevelt's broadcast interrupting their daily programming. It set Americans on edge, and people began to rely more heavily on the radio for major announcements throughout World War II . World War II was a time where radio broadcasting became

3770-427: Was accepted by Eleanor Roosevelt , the award has been presented in person to "peace heroes" who have exemplified to the members of Promoting Enduring Peace the courage of nonviolent resistance to abusive power, to armed conflict, to violent oppression, and to environmental negligence. The award is also intended to recognize individuals for having made significant contributions, through cooperative and non-violent means in

3835-564: Was at the St. Paul American Indian Center that Tom developed the Back to Mother Earth Program that would provide an opportunity for Native children and parents to re-learn indigenous agricultural ways with urban gardening and taking families into the country to learn cultural ways of building lodges, skinning game animals and tanning and sweat lodge ceremonies. In the mid-80's Tom formed a small-scale residential/commercial demolition business that recycled deconstruction materials. In 1991, Goldtooth became

3900-687: Was awarded the Gandhi Peace Award in 2015. In 2010, he was honored by both the NAACP and the Sierra Club as a "Green Hero of Color." Goldtooth currently resides in Bemidji , Minnesota , near the headwaters of the Mississippi River . His son, Dallas Goldtooth is the Keystone XL campaign organizer for the Indigenous Environmental Network , Dakota language -instructor, writer, artist, and member of

3965-561: Was commissioned to create a work of art to serve as the symbol of the award. He researched Gandhi at the library of the India House in New York City and by 1960 had carved a striking bas-relief portrait in wood of the founder of the century’s international movement for nonviolent change. He wrote of the medallion he also created, “I carved the Gujarati word for peace on one side, and on the other

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4030-480: Was designated as the Nobel Peace Prize Laureate for that year. Thereafter he was unable to attend a ceremony for the formal presentation of the award prior to his assassination. ^ ** Daniel Berrigan formally accepted the award. Shortly thereafter he made remarks critical of Israeli treatment of Palestinians that led to a proposal by a PEP member that the award to Fr. Berrigan should be rescinded. Although

4095-457: Was going on. NBC ( National Broadcasting Company ) and CBS ( Columbia Broadcasting System ) were the two competing forces of news broadcasting in the early years of broadcast journalism. NBC was established in 1926 and CBS in 1927. There was a divide in the industry because they were not only competing against each other, but radio news that had already been established. Women had a hard time immersing themselves into radio news seeing as most of

4160-495: Was pioneered in radio. Later still, television displaced radio and newspapers as the main news sources for most of the public in industrialized countries. Some of the programming on radio is locally produced and some is broadcast by a radio network, for example, by syndication . The "talent" (professional voices) talk to the audience, including reading the news. People tune in to hear engaging radio personalities, music, and information. In radio news, stories include speech soundbites,

4225-558: Was the first Navajo and one of the first Native American women to earn an undergraduate degree in microbiology, subsequently running medical and hospital laboratories in California, Arizona, and on the Navajo Reservation (Arizona) as a professional medical technologist. Goldtooth's biological father's identity remains unknown, but he is believed to be of Native American descent. Tom was raised by his stepfather, Dennis Wesley Goldtooth,

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