59-702: Ganbold is a Mongolian patronymic and given name. As of 2012, it is in Mongolia, one of the 20 most common Mongolian names . Notable people with the name include: Gamboldyn is a similar name. Mongolian name Mongolian names have undergone a number of changes in the history of Mongolia , both with regard to their meaning and their source languages. In Inner Mongolia , naming customs are now similar to Mongolia but with some differences. Mongolian names traditionally have an important symbolic character—a name with auspicious connotations being thought to bring good fortune to its bearer. The naming of children
118-464: A matronymic is used. The patro- or matronymic is written before the given name. Therefore, if a man with given name Tsakhia has a son, and gives the son the name Elbegdorj , the son's full name, as it appears in passports and the like, is Tsakhia Elbegdorj . Very frequently, as in texts and speech, the patronymic is given in genitive case, i.e. Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj , with (in this case) -giin being
177-451: A Human Being', Khenbish 'Nobody', Ogtbish 'Not at All', Enebish 'Not This One', Terbish 'Not That One'. Couples whose previous boys have died would give female names to their son to mislead the evil spirits, and vice versa. Synchronically, taboo meaning may be stronger or obliterated: Nergüi , for example, is very common and does not immediately raise any association, while Khünbish might semantically be perceived as khün bish (cf.
236-500: A Mongolian shooter, is often incorrectly referred to as Otryad, i.e. by the (given) name of her father. But now, as Mongolians establish more international relations, this practice has been more or less standardised. For example, the 2024 olympic silver medalist, B.Baasankhuu, is referred as Baasankhuu Bavuudorj, putting the given name in the first name position, and fathers name in family name position. Mongolians do not use their clan name due to historical reasons. Even saying your clan name
295-567: A firstborn, Jochi received the territories furthest away from the homeland for his ulus (domain): they were located in western Mongolia along the River Irtysh . This allocation was made with the expectation that Jochi would expand, and so in 1207–08 he campaigned against and subjugated the Hoi-yin Irgen [ ja ] , a collection of tribes on the edge of the Siberian taiga between
354-522: A less febrile gathering which took place after the war's conclusion, some historians speculate that the Secret History 's account was "a later interpolation" and that Jochi only lost his place as heir after making mistakes during the Khwarazmian campaign. The Mongol armies, estimated to number 150,000 or 200,000 men in total, descended upon Otrar in late 1219. Leaving Chagatai and Ögedei to besiege
413-594: A syllable from an individual's given name or the first syllable of the patronymic was used in place of the Chinese surname. Also, for some individuals, "XXX" is printed in the slot for the given name, while the given name is printed in the slot for the surname. Some Mongolians in China do have surnames because their parents are Han , Hui , Manchu etc. Some others use an abbreviation (like Bao 'Borjigin') of their clan name. Officially, Mongolian names in China are transcribed with
472-544: Is Melschoi , composed of the first letters of Marx , Engels , Lenin , Stalin and Choibalsan . Today male names still include the names of old Mongolian elements such as 'iron' or 'steel', or other words denoting strength, such as 'hero', 'strong', or 'ax': some examples are Gansükh 'steel-ax', Batsaikhan 'strong-nice', or Tömörbaatar 'iron-hero', Chuluunbold 'stone-steel'. Temujin, Borte, Yisu and other old names are commonly given to newborn children after 1990. Women's names commonly refer to fine colours or flowers,
531-424: Is a form of the occupational derivational suffix - cin , but not a feminine suffix: temür 'iron' + - cin = temüjin 'smith'. Other names were based on either conquests or clan names. For example, Sartaq (merchants of western Asian or western Central Asian origin), Hasi (Mongolian form of Tangut -led Western Xia dynasty ), Orus ( Rus ), Asudai ( Alani ) and so on. Clan-based personal names did not relate to
590-724: Is still common in the countryside is the avoidance name, designed to avert misfortune from the child: Nergüi "No Name", Enebish "Not This", Terbish "Not That". In the 20th century, when Mongolia had close ties to the Soviet Union , Mongols were sometimes given Russian names like Alexander or Sasha , or mixed ones like Ivaanjav consisting of the Russian Ivan and the Tibetan -jav . Politically active parents may have chosen Oktyabr (October), Seseer ( SSR ), Mart (March) and even Molotov as names for their offspring. One such example
649-475: Is still preserved in Mongolia in modern times. Symbolic names that express frustration can be found such as the not uncommon girls' name Oghul-qaimish ( Middle Turkic "next time a boy"), while the name Jochi "Guest" indicated doubts about the child's paternity. Turkic names were common among Mongols (such as Oghul-qaimish, Abishqa, Qutlugh and so on). However, names of other foreign origin were introduced when
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#1732884811697708-662: Is unknown who Jochi's senior wife was, but it was likely either Öki or Sorghan. Jochi's most important sons were Orda Khan and Batu Khan ; they were the children of Sorghan and Öki respectively. Neither these women nor Begtütmish was the mother of Jochi's other notable son, Berke . The names of eleven other sons are known, but none had significant careers, reflecting the junior status of their mothers. Descendants of younger sons nevertheless used their Jochid lineage to legitimise their right to rule: these included Khiḍr Khan of Shiban 's line, and Tokhtamysh who descended from Jochi's youngest son Tuqa-Timur . In 1206, having united
767-653: The Angara and Irtysh rivers. Jochi secured a marriage alliance with the Oirats , whose leader Qutuqa Beki guided the Mongols to the Yenisei Kyrgyz and other Hoi-yin Irgen. These tribes soon submitted, and Jochi took control of the region's trade in grain and furs, as well as its gold mines. He subsequently reinforced Subutai 's army before it defeated the renegade Merkits at the battle of
826-609: The Ergüne river , in modern-day Inner Mongolia . At the age of ten, she was betrothed to a Mongol boy named Temüjin , son of the Mongol chieftain Yesugei . Seven years later ( c. 1178 ), after he had survived a violent adolescence, they married. They had their first child, a daughter named Qojin, in 1179 or 1180. By forming alliances with notable steppe leaders, such as his friend Jamukha and his father's former ally Toghrul , and with
885-515: The Middle Ages , there were no patronymics , but clan names were sometimes used in a particular morphological form. In Mongolia, as of 2012, the 20 most common names were: Jochi Jochi ( Mongolian : ᠵᠦᠴᠢ ; c. 1182 – c. 1225 ), also known as Jüchi , was a prince of the early Mongol Empire . His life was marked by controversy over the circumstances of his birth and culminated in his estrangement from his family. He
944-583: The SASM/GNC/SRC transcriptions (e.g. Ulanhu), but this system is rarely used. Generally, the names in Chinese passports are given in the Pinyin form of the Chinese character transcription of the original Mongolian. For example, Mengkebateer (from 孟克巴特尔 ) would be used instead of Möngkebaghatur ( Mongolian script ), Mөnghebagatur (Mongolian pinyin) or Munkhbaatar (approximate English pronunciation). Sometimes in such Chinese transcriptions of Mongolian names,
1003-576: The Taihang Mountains into Shanxi , where they pillaged and plundered in autumn 1213. He may have also taken part in the Irghiz River skirmish , an inconclusive engagement fought against the army of Muhammad II of Khwarazm . The Secret History records two conversations between Jochi and his father about his campaigns: once when Genghis declined Jochi's request to spare the life of a renowned Merkit archer, and once when Jochi's triumphant return from
1062-692: The Buddhist monk, Haiyun, bestowed the name Zhenjin (True-gold) to Khubilai and Chabi's eldest son. In the late 13th century, many newborn children in Italy were named after Mongol rulers, including Hülegü . From the mid-13th century Sanskrit , Uyghur , and Tibetan Buddhist names ( Ananda (the Yuan prince), Dorji (Khubilai's son) or Wachir (a Yuan official), Gammala (Khubilai's son), Irinchin (the Ilkhanid general), etc.) granted by Tibetan teachers became common in
1121-515: The Irtysh River in late 1208 or early 1209. Jochi would campaign intermittently against the Merkits and their Qangli allies for the next decade, finally destroying the last remnants of the people in 1217 or 1218 alongside Subutai. The historian Christopher Atwood has argued that this narrative minimised Jochi's role, that in reality he, not Subutai, was the primary commander in all campaigns against
1180-615: The Merkit and Qangli, and that his right to rule the former Qangli lands was justified by the success of the campaigns. Alongside his brothers Chagatai and Ögedei, Jochi commanded the right wing in the 1211 invasion of the Chinese Jin dynasty . The Mongols marched southwards from Genghis's campaign headquarters in modern Inner Mongolia in November 1211: first they attacked the cities in the area between Hohhot and Datong , and then they followed
1239-450: The Merkits for nearly nine months, Jochi's paternity was uncertain; this was reflected in his name, meaning "guest" in Mongolian . While Temüjin always regarded Jochi as his son by blood and treated him accordingly, many Mongols, such as his younger brother Chagatai , viewed him as a bastard sired by Chilger-Bökö. Jochi does not reappear in historical sources until 1203. By this time, he
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#17328848116971298-600: The Mongol Empire expanded all over Eurasia, increasing international trade and cultural connections and also partly due to religious dignity. Ghazan , Kharbanda, or Toghus ( peacock ) are not Mongol words. Christian names also existed among the Turkic and Mongol peoples (especially Onguts and Keraits) on the Mongolian Plateau . The Ilkhan Öljeitü 's name at birth was Nicholas . Some Mongols had Chinese names . For example,
1357-474: The Tibetan or Sanskrit names of powerful deities: Damdin/Damrin ( Hayagriva ), Dulma/Dari ( Tara ), Gombo ( Mahākāla ), Cagdur/Shagdur ( Vajrapani ), Jamsrang ( Begtse ), Jamyang ( Manjusri ), etc. Another type of Buddhist name derives from the Tibetan days of the week, themselves named after the Sun, Moon, and five visible planets (Nima, Dawa, Migmar, Lhagba, Pürbü, Basang, Bimba). Another astrological scheme divides
1416-527: The auspicious Mongolian names similar to those in the early empire. For example, some of the later Mongolian Emperors' names include Batumöngke , Buyan, Esen, Toγtoγa Buqa and Manduul. Mongol name customs also affected the nations under Mongol rule. The Jurchens (ancestors of Manchus ) in Ming China often used Mongolian names. Sayyid Ajjal Shams al-Din Omar 's great-grandson was given the name Bayan "rich". With
1475-573: The beginning of the new wave of Buddhism in 1575, however, Buddhist and Tibetan names were reintroduced into Mongolia. By 1700 the vast majority of Mongols had Buddhist names, usually Tibetan, but also sometimes Sanskrit or from Mongolian Buddhist terminology. A number of Mongolian-language names survived, particularly with more pacific elements designating peace ( Engke , Amur ), happiness ( Jirgal ), long life ( Nasu ), and blessing ( Öljei , Kesig ). Buddhist names were granted according to several different principles. The most common for laymen are based on
1534-522: The case of girls. Generally, the Mongols, distinct from other cultures in East Asia, have only one personal name, which remains the same throughout their lives. While clan organization remained important among the Mongols into the 17th century, clan names were not linked with the personal name in a family name system. Clan name is still important among the Buryats and to a lesser extent among Kalmyks today. While
1593-413: The city destroyed either by burning naphtha or flooding from collapsed dams. After the city's eventual fall in 1221, its inhabitants were either killed or enslaved. The usual narrative of the siege recounts that Jochi and Chagatai quarrelled on how best to conduct its progress, as Jochi presumed that the rich city would become part of his domain and wished to damage it as little as possible. Chagatai on
1652-815: The days of the month into five classes, each under an element: Dorji ( power bolt ), Badma ( lotus ), and Sangjai ( Buddha ). The suffixes - jab (Tibetan skyabs "protecting") and - sürüng (Tibetan - srung "guarding") were commonly added to these Buddhist names. Finally, some names, particularly for monks, were based on Tibetan words for desired qualities or aspects of the religion: Lubsang "good intellect", Agwang "powerful in speech", Danzin "instruction keeper", Dashi/Rashi , "blessed". A number of Buddhist terms exist in multiple forms transmitted from Old Uyghur, Tibetan, and Sanskrit: thus, Wachir/Ochir , Dorji , and Bazar all mean "power bolt", while Erdeni , Rinchin , and Radna all mean "jewel". A distinctive type of Mongolian name that flourished in this period and
1711-473: The events, while the two that did include them (the Secret History of the Mongols , a mid-13th-century epic poem, and the 14th-century Persian historian Rashid al-Din 's Jami al-tawarikh ) are contradictory. The following narrative, containing elements from both, is considered most plausible. In 1180 or 1181, a large force of Merkits raided Temüjin's camp; while most of his family managed to escape, Börte
1770-438: The first syllable is sometimes reanalyzed as the surname, i.e. Ulanhu becomes Wu Lanfu. Onset (if available) and nucleus of the first syllable of the father's name can be used for disambiguation, but have no official status, e.g. Na. Gereltü . Rarely, the onset is used on its own, e.g. L. Toγtambayar . Siblings are sometimes given names containing similar morphemes , like Gan-Ochir , Gantömör etc., or names related to
1829-580: The full patronymic. There are cases in which a matronymic has been legally bestowed for one or the other reason, while a patronymic is known. If the patronymic is to be conveyed anyway, this can take a form like Altan Choi ovogt Dumaagiin Sodnom with the patronymic preceding the word ovog that takes the suffix -t 'having'. The basic differences between Mongolian and European names, in connection with trying to fit Mongolian names into foreign schemata, frequently lead to confusion. For example, Otryadyn Gündegmaa ,
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1888-412: The genitive suffix. However, the patronymic is rather insignificant in everyday use and usually just abbreviated to an initial - Ts. Elbegdorj . People are normally just referred to and addressed by their given name ( Elbegdorj guai - 'Mr. Elbegdorj'), and the patronymic is only used to distinguish two people with a common given name. Even then, they are usually just distinguished by their initials, not by
1947-488: The help of his charisma, Temüjin began to attract followers and gain power. Word of his rise spread and soon drew the attention of the Merkit tribe to the northwest, from whom Yesugei had abducted Temüjin's mother Hö'elün , sparking a blood feud ; they resolved to take revenge on Yesugei's heir. Because of their consequences, the subsequent events were considered controversial: most contemporary authors omitted any mention of
2006-532: The latter claimed he was too ill to do so. When a traveller claimed that he was not ill and merely hunting, Genghis resolved to bring him to heel. Before he could do so, in either 1225 or 1227, news came that Jochi had died of his illness. One account, likely fabricated, states that Jochi had been so offended by the destruction at Gurganj that he had made a secret alliance with the Khwarazmians, and that having found out, Genghis ordered that Jochi be poisoned. Batu
2065-644: The line of succession to the Mongol throne. After Temüjin founded the Mongol Empire in 1206 and took the name Genghis Khan, he entrusted Jochi with nine thousand warriors and a large territory in the west of the Mongol heartland ; Jochi commanded and participated in numerous campaigns to secure and extend Mongol power in the region. He was also a prominent commander during the invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire (1219–1221), during which he subdued cities and tribes to
2124-418: The names of places, including mountains, rivers etc., e.g. Altai or Tuul . Mongolians do not use surnames in the way that most Westerners, Chinese or Japanese do. Since the socialist period , patronymics — at that time called ovog , now known as etsgiin ner — are used instead of a surname. If the father's name is not legally established (i.e., by marriage) or altogether unknown,
2183-510: The north. During the 1221 Siege of Gurganj , tensions arose between him, his brothers, and Genghis, which never healed. Jochi was still estranged from his family when he died of ill health c. 1225 . His son Batu was appointed to rule his territories in his stead. Jochi's mother, Börte , was born into the Onggirat tribe, who lived along the Greater Khingan mountain range south of
2242-416: The other hand held no such qualms. When Genghis heard about this infighting, he ordered that Ögedei be promoted to command his brothers. Atwood however argues that this narrative was a later invention designed to buttress Ögedei's rule as khan of the empire and that Jochi in reality retained primacy throughout the siege. Regardless of the narrative discrepancies, Jochi lost the favour of his father following
2301-512: The patro- or matronymic). Many people chose the names of the ancient clans and tribes such Borjigin , Besud , Jalair , etc. Others chose the names of the native places of their ancestors, or the names of their most ancient known ancestor. Some just decided to pass their own given names (or modifications of their given names) to their descendants as clan names. A few chose other attributes of their lives as surnames; Mongolia's first cosmonaut Gürragchaa chose 'Sansar' (Outer space). Clan names precede
2360-687: The patronymics and given names, as in Besud Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj . In practice, these clan names seem to have had no significant effect — nor are they included in Mongolian passports. In Inner Mongolia, Chinese names are quite common, as are Mongolian names. Mongolian names of Tibetan origin are usually restricted to people in their 50s and older. Because China does not recognize Mongolian clan names, Mongols in China who have acquired their passports since 2001 have "XXX" printed in place of their surnames, while before not only "XXX" but also
2419-587: The person's own clan or tribe. For example, Eljigidey was not from Iljigin (Eljigin) tribe and the Mongol general Mangghudai was a Tatar (not to be confused with the modern Turkic people of the Tatars in Europe), but not a Manghud . One finds a number of degrading or inauspicious names during the 13–14th centuries such as Sorqaqtani , "Pox girl", or Nohai (~Nokai) "dog", in an attempt to fool bad spirits or disease into thinking it had already afflicted them. This tradition
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2478-835: The personal name of the living ruler was not originally tabooed, as in China, the names of deceased rulers were tabooed for several generations. In the past this prohibition was even stronger. In Mongolia and Inner Mongolia, the Mongols also use clan names. The most common category of Mongol names were those of auspicious or (for boys) manly things, such as gold ( altan ), eternity (Möngke), surplus ( hulagu ), blue (köke), white (chagha’an), good health ( esen ), uncle ( abaqa ), firmness ( batu ), stability ( toqto'a ), bulls ( buqa , for men), iron ( temür ), steel ( bolad ), black (qara), hardness ( berke ) or nine (yisü). Such names were often combined with suffixes used only for personal names, such as - dai , - ge / gei , and - der for boys and - jin , - tani , and - lun for girls. However, Temüjin 's - jin
2537-549: The royal family and the aristocratic clans. In the west some Mongols took Islamic names such as Bū Sa'īd (misspelled as Abu Sa'id ) or Khwaja after they converted, although many kept their Mongolian names. After the expulsion of the Mongol regime from China, the Sanskrit names in the imperial family soon disappeared. Christian names appeared occasionally before disappearing ( Markörgis Khan ). Muslim and Turkic names also declined ( Akbarjin , Ismayil or Arghun ), leaving primarily
2596-587: The same phenomenon in German with the unremarkable Burkhart (lit. 'castle-strong') versus the unusual Fürchtegott ('fear-God')). When addressing a familiar person, names are shortened, most commonly by choosing one of the parts of the name and adding a vowel, melting it into one or adding the suffix -ka . E.g., a woman named Delgerzayaa might be called Delgree , Zayaa or Deegii , a man named Arslandorj might become Askaa , or his sister Idertuyaa could become Idree , and so might her boyfriend Iderbayar . In
2655-579: The same theme, like Naran ('Sun'), Saran ('Moon'), Tsolmon ('Morning star'). There is also a tradition of giving names with unpleasant qualities to children born to a couple whose previous children have died, in the belief that the unpleasant name will mislead evil spirits seeking to steal the child. Muunokhoi 'Vicious Dog' may seem a strange name, but Mongolians have traditionally been given such taboo names to avoid misfortune and confuse evil spirits. Other examples include Nekhii 'Sheepskin', Nergüi 'No Name', Medekhgüi , 'I Don't Know', Khünbish 'Not
2714-514: The shores of the Aral Sea to Gurganj, while his brothers Chagatai and Ögedei, having captured Otrar , converged on his position. There are contradictory accounts of the siege of Gurganj and Jochi's part in it. What is certain is that the siege was lengthy, lasting between four and seven months, and that it was exceptionally fierce: the defiant Khwarazmian defenders forced the Mongol army to engage in bitter house-by-house urban warfare , with much of
2773-478: The siege. Genghis likely considered it a military failure on account of its length and destruction; Jochi also erred by not sending his father his rightful share of the loot. After its conclusion, Chagatai and Ögedei departed southwards to join their father in his pursuit of the renegade Khwarazmian prince Jalal al-Din , while Jochi moved north, ostensibly to bring the Qangli to heel in his new territories, which included
2832-456: The steppes west of the river Chu . Some sources allege that he preferred to spend his time hunting, an activity he was very greatly fond of. It is unclear if he ever met his father again. Although Jochi sent huge numbers of wild asses and 20,000 white horses to Genghis as a gift c. 1224 , relations were steadily worsening because of Jochi's preoccupation with his territories. On his return home, Genghis ordered Jochi to join him, but
2891-535: The subjugation of the Oirats garnered high praise from his father. In 1218, Genghis was provoked into launching a campaign against the Central Asian Khwarazmian Empire after a Mongol trade caravan was killed by the governor of the border town of Otrar and subsequent diplomatic overtures failed. According to the Secret History , Yesui , one of Genghis's secondary wives, requested that he decide
2950-476: The succession before setting out. Though Genghis appears not to have cared about Jochi's possible illegitimacy, Chagatai vehemently objected to his brother becoming the next khan, shouting "How can we let ourselves be ruled by this Merkit bastard?" After a short brawl between the brothers was broken up, the Secret History continues, the suggestion of Ögedei as a compromise candidate was endorsed by both brothers and their father. Because of other sources which present
3009-580: The sun and moon, or may be made up of any other word with positive connotations using the feminine suffix -maa (Tib. 'mother'): some common examples are Altantsetseg 'golden-flower', Narantuyaa 'sun-beam', Uranchimeg 'artistic-decoration', Sarangerel 'moon-light', Erdenetungalag 'jewel-clear', and Tsetsegmaa 'flower'. Many gender-neutral name components refer to auspicious qualities such as eternity or happiness: some examples are Mönkh 'eternal', Erdene 'jewel', Oyuun 'mind', Altan 'golden', Saikhan 'fine' and Enkh 'peace'. Many names include
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#17328848116973068-670: The town, Genghis took their younger brother Tolui and traversed the Kyzyl Kum desert to attack the city of Bukhara . Meanwhile, Jochi was dispatched to march down the Syr Darya river in the direction of the Khwarazmian capital Gurganj and subdue all the cities en route , which Genghis intended to become part of Jochi's territories. The towns of Sighnaq and Asanas offered particularly stiff resistance and their inhabitants were thus slaughtered, while Jand and Yanikant were occupied without much trouble. In late 1220, he travelled southwest along
3127-460: The tribes of Mongolia , Temüjin held a large assembly called a kurultai where he was acclaimed as "Genghis Khan". He began to reorder his new nation, dividing it between members of his ruling dynasty. As the eldest son, Jochi received the largest share—nine thousand subject warriors, all with their own families and herds; Chagatai received eight thousand, and their younger brothers Ögedei and Tolui received five thousand each. As expected for
3186-597: Was captured. She was forcibly married to Chilger-Bökö, the younger brother of Hö'elün's original husband. Meanwhile, Temüjin had convinced his allies to assemble substantial forces to help him rescue Börte. Under Jamukha's command, the combined army campaigned against the Merkits and defeated them, recovering Börte and taking large amounts of plunder. However, there was a problem—Börte was heavily pregnant and c. 1182 gave birth to Jochi in Jamukha's camp. As Chilger-Bökö had undoubtedly raped her, and as she had been among
3245-626: Was confirmed as ruler of his father's territories by Genghis—his elder brother Orda assumed a junior position, while their younger brothers each took a strip of land to rule. Jochi's descendants would grow more independent, eventually ruling over the state known as the Golden Horde . Although a large mausoleum in Ulytau Region in Kazakhstan has traditionally been identified as the resting place of Jochi's remains, radiocarbon dating indicates that it
3304-620: Was nevertheless a prominent military commander and the progenitor of the family who ruled over the khanate of the Golden Horde . Jochi was the son of Börte , the first wife of the Mongol leader Temüjin . For many months before Jochi's birth, Börte had been a captive of the Merkit tribe , one of whom forcibly married and raped her. Although there was thus considerable doubt over Jochi's parentage, Temüjin considered him his son and treated him accordingly. Many Mongols, most prominently Börte's next son Chagatai , disagreed; these tensions eventually led to both Chagatai and Jochi being excluded from
3363-592: Was old enough for marriage. Temüjin intended to betroth him to a daughter of his ally Toghrul, but because of Jochi's uncertain birth and Temüjin's comparatively low status, this proposal was taken as insulting by Toghrul's people and eventually led to war between the two leaders. After Toghrul's defeat in 1204, Jochi was given one of his nieces, Begtütmish, as a wife. He also married other women : Börte's niece Öki; her relative Sorghan; and several less powerful women, namely Qutlugh Khatun, Sultan Khatun, Nubqus, Shīr, Qarajin, and Kul. In addition, Jochi took concubines . It
3422-447: Was taboo up until very recently; however, there is a growing trend in people finding their real clan origination after being falsely claimed 'Borjigin'. Since 2000, Mongolians have been officially using clan names — ovog , the same word that was used for the patronymics during the socialist period—on their ID cards (the clan name is also referred to as urgiin ovog , meaning lineage name, among general use, to distinguish from
3481-539: Was usually done by the parents or a respected elder of the family or religious figures. For example, it is said that in the 13th century, the prominent shaman, Teb-tengeri, saw in the stars a great future for Tolui 's eldest son and bestowed on the child the name Möngke (meaning "eternal" in the Mongolian language). Nowadays most parents give Mongolian names to their children, often in the form of compounds consisting of two nouns or adjectives , representing qualities such as solidity and strength for boys or beauty in
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