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80-530: The Society was founded in 1899 as the Gamma Alpha Graduate Scientific Fraternity in Ithaca, New York by graduate students in the biological sciences at Cornell University . Its purpose was an interdisciplinary one concerning the sciences: to stimulate "mutual interest" among graduate students from "the various scientific departments of Cornell University." In time, it expanded to more than

160-428: A seminary dorm . For its part, the local corporation governing the house planned to use the monies from the sale to "establish a fellowship-loan fund," but at the cost of permanently closing the chapter house and displacing its resident members. A hard battle was subsequently fought by the chapter's active members, with the support of the national organization, to get the local corporation to relocate rather than abolish

240-565: A 20-year-old senior in Cornell's School of Industrial and Labor Relations, was sworn in as alderman of the city council, representing the fourth Ward. He was the first black male to be elected to the council and was then the youngest African American to be elected to office in the United States. In 2011, Cornell graduate Svante Myrick was elected Mayor of the City of Ithaca, becoming the youngest mayor in

320-418: A 2009 Cornell University graduate, was elected as the youngest mayor of the city of Ithaca. The valley in which Cayuga Lake is located is long and narrow with a north–south orientation. Ithaca is located at the southern end (the "head") of the lake, but the valley continues to the southwest behind the city. Originally a river valley, it was deepened and widened by the action of Pleistocene ice sheets over

400-444: A balance between the sexes and admit students from as diverse a set of academic fields as possible. It has thus come to conceive of itself more as a graduate student cooperative than a scientific fraternity, though it remains both active in the national organization and invested in the welfare of its sister chapters. For more information about the present activities of the chapter, its recruitment of new members, and alumni contacts, visit

480-601: A bounty under a different law for recruiting men to enlist in the Continental Army. As part of this process, the Central New York Military Tract , which included northern Tompkins County, was surveyed under the direction of Simeon De Witt , Bloodgood's son-in-law and the Surveyor General of New York. Simeon commissioned his first cousin, Moses De Witt, after whom DeWitt, New York , is named, to survey

560-501: A charter in December 1907. The charter was granted on February 8, 1908, and the chapter was officially installed on the same day. The chapter has been housed in six different locations in its nearly one hundred years of existence in Hyde Park, Chicago . In its first year, the chapter secured rooms that were "modestly though neatly furnished" on the first floor of 5724 S. Drexel Avenue. Within

640-552: A coercive effect, which compels people to abandon "inner-direction" of their lives, and it induces them to take on the goals, ideology, likes, and dislikes of their community. This creates a tightly grouped crowd of people that is yet incapable of fulfilling each other's desires. The book is considered a landmark study of American character. Riesman was a major public intellectual as well as a sociologist and represented an early example of what sociologists now call " public sociology ". In addition to his many other publications, Riesman

720-448: A day nursery. The village established its first trolley in 1887. Ithaca developed as a small manufacturing and retail center and was incorporated as a city in 1888. The largest industrial company in the area was Morse Chain, elements of which were absorbed into Emerson Power Transmission on South Hill and Borg Warner Automotive in Lansing, New York . Ithaca claims to be the birthplace of

800-516: A dozen chapters across the country and boasted a membership of "more than 10,000 men." In 1909, the fraternity merged with Alpha Delta Epsilon, a similar group established at Johns Hopkins University in 1905. A chapter was established at Dartmouth College in 1906. This was followed by chapters at the University of Chicago and the University of Illinois in 1908. Gamma Alpha held its first national convention in 1908. In 1963, it changed its name to

880-416: A four-year term, and since 1989, the city judge has been elected to a six-year term. At a referendum in 2022, city voters approved a city charter amendment adopting from a council–manager government in place of a mayor–council government . The city's first city manager, Deb Mohlenhoff, took office on 1 January 2024.. Since 1983, the city has been divided into five wards. Each elects two representatives to

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960-552: A lively and multicultural community, and besides some tightly organized house meetings, the members cook together, fill out crosswords, play board games, sled (in winter), brew beer, bake bread, repair the house, and engage in many other activities. Instituted on December 16, 1908, a residential chapter has continuously been located at the University of Illinois and has been situated at 807 W Nevada Street in Urbana, Illinois for approximately

1040-452: A slope later known as Gun Hill, where the nearby waterfall supplied the main source of energy for the plant. The company became an icon in the hunting and shooting world, and its shotguns were known for their fine decorative work. Wooden gunstocks with knots or other imperfections were donated to the high school woodworking shop to be made into lamps. John Philip Sousa and trick-shooter Annie Oakley favored Ithaca Gun Company guns. In 1937,

1120-507: A year, it had already found a house of its own at 5731 S. Monroe Avenue (renamed Kenwood Avenue in 1915), where "almost all" of its 24 members lodged. By October 1915, the chapter had moved again, this time to a house that would affectionately come to be called the Blackstone Castle, at 5520 S. Blackstone Avenue, where "eighteen to twenty-odd men" were put up in seven bedrooms. By October 1922, the chapter had moved to 5733 Kenwood Avenue, in

1200-541: Is now the University at Buffalo Law School and at the University of Chicago . He worked for Sperry Gyroscope company during the war. After a fellowship at Yale to write The Lonely Crowd, he returned to Chicago. In 1958, he became a university professor at Harvard. He was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1955) and the American Philosophical Society (1974). Intellectually he

1280-544: Is the most recent lake in a long series of lakes which developed as the ice retreated northward. The lake drains to the north, and was formed behind a dam of glacial debris called a moraine . Rock in the region is predominantly Devonian shale and sandstone . North of Ithaca, it is relatively fossil rich. The world-renowned fossils found in this area can be examined at the Museum of the Earth . Glacial erratics can also be found in

1360-607: Is typically characterized by freezing temperatures, cloudy skies and light-to-moderate snows, with some heavier falls; the largest snowfall in one day was 26.0 in (66 cm) on February 14, 1914. But the season is also variable; there can be short mild periods with some rain, but also outbreaks of frigid air with night temperatures down to −10 °F (−23 °C) or lower. Summers usually bring sunshine, along with moderate heat and humidity, but also frequent afternoon thunderstorms. Nights are pleasant and sometimes cool. Occasionally, there can be heatwaves, with temperatures rising into

1440-531: The Bethlehem, Pennsylvania -based Lehigh Valley Railroad built its main, double-track freight line from Van Etten Junction to Geneva and on to Buffalo, New York , it bypassed Ithaca and Auburn to the west, running via Burdett and eastern Schuyler County on easier grades, just as the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad had done a decade earlier, in 1882, with its own, new Binghamton-Buffalo mainline extension to

1520-566: The Gamma Alpha Graduate Scientific Society , in part to differentiate itself from undergraduate fraternities . Originally, the society was a scientific fraternity exclusively for men. Individual chapters, such as the Missouri chapter , admitted women by 1968. Chicago , Cornell and Ohio chapters began to admit women and students in disciplines other than the sciences in 1972 Ann Arbor chapter followed in 1973. Although

1600-512: The Ithaca Commons or Stewart Park , frequently centers around themes promoting "a political statement into a cultural and festive event” The Ithaca Gun Company tested their shotguns behind the plant on Lake Street; the shot fell into the Fall Creek gorge at the base of Ithaca Falls . Lead accumulated in the soil in and around the factory and gorge. A major lead clean-up effort sponsored by

1680-472: The Ithaca Kitty became one of the first mass-produced stuffed animal toys in the United States. In 1900, Cornell University anatomy professor G. S. Moler made an early movie using frame-by-frame technology. For The Skeleton Dance, he took single-frame photos of a human skeleton in varying positions, giving the illusion of a dancing skeleton. During the early 20th century, Ithaca was an important center in

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1760-741: The Oneida people and became the sixth nation of the Haudenosaunee, with chiefs stating the migration was complete in 1722. During the American Revolutionary War , four of the then six Iroquois nations helped the British attempt to crush the revolution, although bands made decisions on fighting in a highly decentralized way. Conflict with the rebel colonists was fierce throughout the Mohawk Valley and Western New York . In retaliation for conflicts to

1840-794: The Susquehanna River to the south to expand the trade network. With the Long Depression of 1837, the Ithaca and Owego Railroad was re-organized as the Cayuga and Susquehanna Railroad . It was re-engineered with switchbacks downhill into Ithaca in the late 1840s. In the late 20th century, a short section of its abandoned right-of-way in the City and Town of Ithaca was used for the South Hill Recreation Way . However, easier early railroad routes were constructed that bypassed Ithaca, such as that of

1920-552: The ice cream sundae , created in 1892 when fountain shop owner Chester Platt "served his local priest vanilla ice cream covered in cherry syrup with a dark candied cherry on top. The priest suggested the dessert be named after the day, Sunday, although the spelling was later changed out of fear some would find it offensive." The local Unitarian church, where the priest, Rev. John Scott, preached, has an annual "Sundae Sunday" every September in commemoration. Ithaca's claim has long been disputed by Two Rivers, Wisconsin . Also in 1892,

2000-406: The silent film industry. These films often featured the local natural scenery. Many of these films were the work of Leopold Wharton and his brother Theodore ; The Wharton Studio was on the site of what is now Stewart Park . In 1903, a typhoid epidemic resulting from poor sanitation infrastructure devastated the city. Not having access to unpolluted water was one suspicion to the cause of

2080-399: The 1960s. In 2018, there were 23,600 students enrolled at Cornell and 6,700 at Ithaca College. Tompkins Cortland Community College is located in the neighboring town of Dryden , and has an extension center in downtown Ithaca. Empire State College offers non-traditional college courses to adults in downtown Ithaca. David Riesman David Riesman (September 22, 1909 – May 10, 2002)

2160-640: The 90 °F (32 °C) to 95 °F (35 °C) range, but they tend to be brief. The average date of the first freeze is October 5, and the average date of the last freeze is May 15, giving Ithaca a growing season of 141 days. The average date of the first and last snowfalls are November 12 and April 7, respectively. The hardiness zone is between 5b and 6a. Extreme temperatures range from −25 °F (−32 °C) as recently as February 2, 1961, up to 103 °F (39 °C) on July 9, 1936. The valley flatland has slightly cooler weather in winter, and occasionally Ithaca residents experience simultaneous snow on

2240-643: The Democratic Presidential Primary, the only county that he won in New York State. Obama won Tompkins County (including Ithaca) by a wide margin of 41% over his opponent John McCain in the November 2008 election. Ithaca is a sister city of: Ithaca is a major educational center in Central New York . The two major post-secondary educational institutions located in Ithaca were each founded in

2320-486: The Greek island home of Ulysses in the spirit of the multitude of settlement names in the region derived from classical literature , such as Aurelius , Ovid , and especially of Ulysses, New York , the town that contained Ithaca at the time. Around 1791, De Witt surveyed what is now the downtown area into lots and sold them at modest prices. That same year John Yaple built a grist mill on Cascadilla Creek. The first frame house

2400-432: The Ithaca area is northern temperate broadleaf forest . It is dominated by deciduous trees , including maple, sycamore, black walnut, birch, and oak; coniferous trees include white pine, Norway spruce, and eastern hemlock. The city of Ithaca has a rich diversity of tree plantings, with over 190 species, including cherry, southern magnolia, and ginkgo. In addition to visual beauty, this species diversification helps reduce

2480-785: The Rhine Valley wine district of Germany. As such, the region is home to many wineries. Ithaca is the principal city of the Ithaca-Cortland Combined Statistical Area, which includes the Ithaca Metropolitan Statistical Area ( Tompkins County ) and the Cortland Micropolitan Statistical Area ( Cortland County ), which had a combined population of 145,100 at the 2000 census . As of the census of 2000, there were 29,287 people, 10,287 households, and 2,962 families residing in

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2560-550: The Syracuse, Binghamton & New York, built in 1854. In the decade following the American Civil War , railroads were built from Ithaca to Auburn , Geneva , Cayuga , Cortland , Elmira , and Athens, Pennsylvania , mainly with financing from Ezra Cornell . These were all branch-lines, since the city, located on a steep hill by the lake, prevented it from being directly connected to a major transportation artery. In 1892, when

2640-641: The United States Superfund took place from 2002 to 2004, managed through the Environmental Protection Agency . The old Ithaca Gun building has been dismantled. It was scheduled to be replaced by the development of an apartment complex on the cleaned land. The former Morse Chain company factory on South Hill, now owned by Emerson Power Transmission, was the site of extensive groundwater and soil contamination from its industrial operations. Emerson Power Transmission has been working with

2720-529: The academic talks hosted by the society. More informally, the shared living space of the society's houses provide its members with a forum for a regular exchange of ideas across disciplines. None of the active chapters are legally affiliated with its members' home academic institution. For convenience, each chapter is designated by the name of its logical academic institution. Following is a list of Gamma Alpha chapters. Active chapters are indicated in bold . Inactive chapters are in italics . The Cornell chapter

2800-550: The area around the south end of Cayuga Lake. Both Simeon and Moses were first cousins of DeWitt Clinton through his mother, Mary De Witt, who married James Clinton, brother of Governor George Clinton . The Commissioners of Lands of New York State (chairman Gov. George Clinton) met in 1790. The Military Tract township in which Ithaca is located was named the Town of Ulysses . A few years later De Witt moved to Ithaca, then called variously "The Flats," "The City," or "Sodom"; he renamed it for

2880-450: The area with two Lenape guides, to explore what they considered wilderness. The following year Jacob Yaple, Isaac Dumond, and Peter Hinepaw returned with their families and constructed log cabins. That same year Abraham Bloodgood of Albany obtained a patent from the state for 1,400 acres, which included all of the present downtown west of Tioga Street. In 1790, the federal government and state began an official program to grant land in

2960-536: The area, known as the Central New York Military Tract , as payment for service to Continental Army soldiers of the Revolutionary War, when the newly established federal government was cash poor. Most local land titles trace back to these Revolutionary war grants. However, the Bloodgood tract was not part of the state bounties to veterans. It was originally granted to a member of the state militia, Martinus Zielie, as

3040-449: The area. Ithaca was founded on flat land just south of the lake — land that formed in fairly recent geological times when silt filled the southern end of the lake. The city ultimately spread to the adjacent hillsides, which rise several hundred feet above the central flats: East Hill, West Hill, and South Hill. The Cornell campus is loosely bounded to the north and south by Fall and Cascadilla Creeks, respectively. The natural vegetation of

3120-518: The area: the Town of Ithaca and the City of Ithaca . The Town of Ithaca is one of the nine towns comprising Tompkins County. The City of Ithaca is surrounded by, but legally independent of, the Town. The City of Ithaca has a council-manager government . The charter of the City of Ithaca provides for a full-time mayor and city judge, each independent and elected at-large . Since 1995, the mayor has been elected to

3200-404: The average family size was 2.81. In the city, the population was spread out, with 9.2% under the age of 18, 53.8% from 18 to 24, 20.1% from 25 to 44, 10.6% from 45 to 64, and 6.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 22 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.2 males. The median income for a household in the city

3280-401: The chapter could afford and the pipes also fell into disrepair, dripping "dismally" through the winter of 1943. The house's future seemed "none too bright" to its members and was so uncertain that "all efforts" were "being made to forestall a possible closure." Such a closure was all but certain in 1957 when an expanding University of Chicago arranged to buy the chapter house and replace it with

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3360-423: The chapter house. Eventually, the corporation capitulated and, with help from the university, relocated the chapter in 1958 to 5621 S. University Avenue, the "magnificent residence which is the present home of ΓΑ." The Chicago chapter has institutionalized in its "House Rules" the membership changes that were ushered in the late 1960s and early 1970s. In recruiting new members for its 15 rooms, it seeks to maintain

3440-564: The chapter's homepage. The Gamma Alpha chapter of Ann Arbor first bought a house near the North Engels building. In 1949, Gamma Alpha moved to the current location in the southwest area of the city, into a house that was built in 1923 as a family residence. During the early years, the chapter housed up to 40 male chemistry graduate students. This luckily changed over time—the house now offers single rooms for thirteen graduate students, both female and male, and from all departments. The house has

3520-568: The city council, known as the Common Council, for staggered four-year terms. In March 2015, the Common Council unanimously adopted a resolution recognizing freedom from domestic violence as a fundamental human right . In September 2023, the Common Council unanimously passed an extensive local ordinance to "protect, defend and shield transgender individuals". Since students won the right to vote where they attend colleges, some have become more active in local politics. In 2004, Gayraud Townsend,

3600-408: The city's history. In December, 2005, the City and Town governments began discussing opportunities for increased government consolidation, including the possibility of joining the two into a single entity. This topic had been previously discussed in 1963 and 1969. Cayuga Heights , a village adjacent to the city on its northeast, voted against annexation into the city of Ithaca in 1954. Politically,

3680-454: The city. The population density was 5,360.9 people per square mile (2,069.9 people/km ). There were 10,736 housing units at an average density of 1,965.2 per square mile (758.8/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 73.97% White , 13.65% Asian , 6.71% Black or African American , 0.39% Native American , 0.05% Pacific Islander , 1.86% from other races , and 3.36% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.31% of

3760-502: The company began producing the Ithaca 37 , based on a 1915 patent by noted firearms designer John Browning . Its 12-gauge shotguns were the standard used for decades by the New York City Police Department and Los Angeles Police Department . In 1885, Ithaca Children's Home was established on West Seneca Street. The orphanage had two programs at the time: a residential home for both orphaned and destitute children, and

3840-525: The east and resentment at the way in which the Iroquois made war, the 1779 Sullivan Expedition was conducted against the Iroquois in the west of the state, destroying more than 40 villages and stored winter crops and forcing their retreat from the area. It destroyed the Tutelo village of Coregonal, located near what is now the junction of state routes 13 and 13A just south of Ithaca. Most Iroquois were forced from

3920-428: The hills and rain in the valley. The phenomenon of mixed precipitation (rain, wind, and snow), common in the late fall and early spring, is known tongue-in-cheek as ithacatation to many of the local residents. Due to the microclimates created by the impact of the lakes, the region surrounding Ithaca ( Finger Lakes American Viticultural Area ) experiences a short but adequate growing season for winemaking similar to

4000-432: The house next to its former residence. In the first quarter of 1938, the chapter relocated to 5735 S. Woodlawn Avenue, "the most beat up house on Woodlawn" with a "poor porch" that remained, "well, darn poor." Finally, in a forced move in the latter half of 1958, the chapter settled into its longest-lived home to date, the former residence of the famous American sociologist, David Riesman , at 5621 S. University Avenue, across

4080-530: The impact of arboreal epidemics, such as that caused by the emerald ash borer . According to the Köppen climate classification method, Ithaca experiences a warm-summer humid continental climate , also known as a hemiboreal climate ( Dfb ). Summers are warm but brief, and it is cool-to-cold the rest of the year, with long, snowy winters; an average of 67 in (170 cm) of snow falls per year. In addition, frost may occur any time of year except mid-summer. Winter

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4160-425: The last eighty years. The Illinois chapter is a co-ed organization. It encourages application from graduate students attending the University of Illinois and has opened membership capabilities to students in areas other than exclusively scientific disciplines. Ithaca, New York Ithaca ( / ˈ ɪ θ ə k ə / ) is a city in and the county seat of Tompkins County, New York , United States. Situated on

4240-487: The last several hundred thousand years. These ice sheets gouged the land crosswise to preexisting streams, producing hanging valleys . Once the last ice sheets receded — around twenty or thirty thousand years ago — these streams cut deep into the steep hillsides, forming the many distinctive gorges, rapids, and waterfalls seen in the region; examples include Fall and Cascadilla Creeks in Ithaca, and nearby Buttermilk Falls , Enfield Gorge , and Taughannock Falls . Cayuga Lake

4320-483: The late 19th century. In 1865, Ezra Cornell founded Cornell University , which overlooks the town from East Hill. It was opened as a coeducational institution. Women first enrolled in 1870. Ezra Cornell also established a public library for the city. Ithaca College was founded as the Ithaca Conservatory of Music in 1892. Ithaca College was originally located in the downtown area but relocated to South Hill in

4400-579: The main line via Burdett, and operated on this route until the Lehigh Valley Railroad discontinued this last passenger service on February 4, 1961. In the late 19th century, more industry developed in Ithaca. In 1883, William Henry Baker and his partners founded the Ithaca Gun Company , which manufactured shotguns. The original factory was located in the Fall Creek neighborhood of the city, on

4480-544: The majority of the city's voters (many of them students) have supported liberalism and the Democratic Party . A November 2004 study by ePodunk lists it as New York's most liberal city. This contrasts with the more conservative leanings of the generally rural Upstate New York region; the city's voters are also more liberal than those in the rest of Tompkins County . In 2008, Barack Obama , running against New York State's US Senator Hillary Clinton, won Tompkins County in

4560-449: The makeup of the organization has thus changed greatly since its inception, it is still dedicated to promoting an interdisciplinary fellowship among graduate students, in large part through its cooperative living arrangements. The significance of Gamma Alpha's motto as well as the symbolism of its insignia used to be revealed to new members in their initiation ceremony. After presenting the candidates with their certificates of membership,

4640-543: The market orientation of a consumer culture. He explored how people used consumer goods to communicate with one another. The book is largely a study of modern conformity, which postulates the existence of the "inner-directed" and "other-directed" personalities. Riesman argued that the character of post- World War II American society impels individuals to "other-directedness," the preeminent example being modern suburbia , where individuals seek their neighbors' approval and fear being outcast from their community. That lifestyle has

4720-475: The motto and insignia have been retained. Most ceremonies of this sort—another would be the singing of the fraternity's song at the end of chapter meetings—appear to have been dropped with the organization's metamorphosis from a fraternity into a type of fraternal, co-ed cooperative. Gamma Alpha's colors are gold and black. Its publication print publication was The Gamma Alpha Record , established in 1908. Where established, chapter houses have served as venues for

4800-438: The nation’s most influential and widely read mid-century work of social and cultural criticism. It catapulted its author to the cover of Time magazine in 1954, making Riesman the first social scientist so honored.... Riesman offered a nuanced and complicated portrait of the nation’s middle and upper-middle classes.... Riesman pictured a nation in the midst of a shift from a society based on production to one fundamentally shaped by

4880-589: The northeast in the Mohawk Valley. Although Ithaca has a history of Ku Klux Klan activity, including a cross-burning in 1923 and 1924, "the peak years of Klan activity in Ithaca were 1923-1925" and it represented only a fraction of the population. Ithaca is known for its political activism regarding civil rights and environmental issues. “Martin Luther King Jr. came to speak twice in Ithaca, in 1960 and 1961”. The annual Ithaca Festival, which often takes place on

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4960-421: The outbreak because "[r]efuse and the contents of the early sewer system dumped directly into the inlet". One out of ten citizens fell ill or died. Local residents lost fifty-one people to the illness that year, but there was "an average of thirty-nine cases each year" for the consecutive ten years following. The Star Theatre on East Seneca Street was built in 1911 and became the most popular vaudeville venue in

5040-406: The population. There were 10,287 households, out of which 14.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 19.0% were married couples living together, 7.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 71.2% were non-families. 43.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.13 and

5120-478: The president of the chapter would inform them that: The letters ΓΑ denote our motto: Gnothe ten Aletheian – Know the Truth. The wings and star on our Society Emblem, which all of you are now entitled to wear, signify Progress and Attainment. The four notches in that Emblem commemorate the four original Chapters: Cornell, Johns Hopkins, Chicago, and Dartmouth. Today, the society has no such initiation ceremony, though

5200-581: The region. Wharton movies were also filmed and shown there. After the film industry centralized in Hollywood, production in Ithaca effectively ceased. Few of the silent films made in Ithaca have been preserved. After World War II , the Langmuir Research Labs of General Electric developed as a major employer; the defense industry continued to expand. GE's headquarters were in Schenectady, New York, to

5280-619: The society to be established (excluding the Alpha Delta Epsilon Scientific Fraternity chapters which, though they existed before the Chicago chapter , merged with the society shortly after the latter's establishment). According to early records, it was through the "untiring zeal" of F. H. Krecker and R. E. Sheldon of the Cornell chapter that graduate students in the sciences at the University of Chicago petitioned Gamma Alpha for

5360-516: The south and west, via Owego, Waverly, Bath, and Dansville. Two of three daily New York City -Buffalo roundtrip passenger trains served Ithaca on the older, original Lehigh Valley Ithaca Branch between Van Etten Junction and Geneva, until discontinuance of the Black Diamond daylight train, on May 11, 1959. On May 25, 1959, the overnight "Maple Leaf" train was shifted back to the Ithaca Branch from

5440-644: The southern shore of Cayuga Lake in the Finger Lakes region of New York , Ithaca is the largest community in the Ithaca metropolitan statistical area . It is named after the Greek island of Ithaca . As of 2020, the city's population was 32,108. A college town , Ithaca is home to Cornell University , an Ivy League university, and Ithaca College . Nearby is Tompkins Cortland Community College (TC3), located in Dryden . Native Americans lived in this area for thousands of years. When reached by Europeans, this area

5520-423: The state after the Revolutionary War, but some remnants remained. The state sold off the former Iroquois lands to stimulate development and settlement by non-indigenous Americans; lands were also granted as payment to veterans of the war. Within the current boundaries of Ithaca, Native Americans maintained a temporary hunting camp at the base of Cascadilla Gorge. In 1788, eleven men from Kingston, New York , came to

5600-487: The state and South Hill residents to determine the extent and danger of the contamination and aid in cleanup. In 2004, Gayraud Townsend, a 20-year-old senior in Cornell's School of Industrial and Labor Relations, was sworn in as alderman of the city council: the first black male to be elected to the council and the youngest African American to be elected to office in the United States. He served his full term and has mentored other student politicians. In 2011, Svante Myrick ,

5680-455: The street from the campus (see below). The chapter fell on tough times and nearly lost its housing both during World War II and with the sale of its house to the University of Chicago in 1958. Like many residential institutions during World War II, the Chicago chapter lost many men to the armed forces and was hard-pressed to fill the house with enough members to make ends meet. Supplies like roofing tiles were "unattainable at any price" that

5760-614: The tribe's hunting lands at the south end of Cayuga Lake, and in Pony (originally Sapony) Hollow of present-day Newfield, New York . Remnants of these tribes had been forced from Virginia and North Carolina by tribal conflicts and European colonial settlement. Similarly, the Tuscarora people , an Iroquoian-speaking tribe from the Carolinas, migrated after defeat in the Yamasee War ; they settled with

5840-574: Was $ 21,441, and the median income for a family was $ 42,304. Males had a median income of $ 29,562 versus $ 27,828 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 13,408. About 13.2% of individuals and 4.2% of families were below the poverty line . The term "Greater Ithaca" encompasses both the City and Town of Ithaca, as well as several smaller settled places within or adjacent to the Town: Municipalities Census-designated places There are two governmental entities in

5920-452: Was also a noted commentator on American higher education, publishing, with his seminal work, The Academic Revolution , which was co-written with Christopher Jencks . In it, Riesman sums up his position by stating, "If this book has any single message it is that the academic profession increasingly determines the character of undergraduate education in America." Riesman highlights the effects of

6000-480: Was an American sociologist , educator, and best-selling commentator on American society. Born to a wealthy German Jewish family, Riesman attended Harvard College , where he graduated in 1931 with a degree in biochemistry. He attended Harvard Law School , where he was a member of the Harvard Law Review . Riesman clerked for Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis between 1935 and 1936. He also taught at what

6080-523: Was controlled by the Cayuga tribe of Indians, one of the Five Civilized Tribes or Iroquois League. Jesuit missionaries from New France in present-day Quebec had a mission to convert the Cayuga as early as 1657. Saponi and Tutelo peoples, Siouan-speaking tribes, later occupied lands at the south end of Cayuga Lake . Dependent tributaries of the Cayuga, they had been permitted to settle on

6160-612: Was erected in 1800 by Abram Markle. In 1804, the village had a postmaster and, in 1805, a tavern. Ithaca became a transshipping point for salt from curing beds near Salina, New York , to buyers south and east. This prompted construction in 1810 of the Owego Turnpike. When the War of 1812 cut off access to gypsum in Nova Scotia , which was used for fertilizer, Ithaca became the center of trade in Cayuga gypsum. The Cayuga Steamboat Company

6240-520: Was influenced most by Erich Fromm , as well as Carl Friedrich , Hannah Arendt , Leo Löwenthal , Robert K. Merton , Paul Lazarsfeld , Paul Goodman , Martha Wolfenstein , and Nathan Leites . He widely referenced the works of Thorstein Veblen , Max Weber , and Sigmund Freud . Daniel Horowitz says The Lonely Crowd: A Study of the Changing American Character , in 1950 quickly became

6320-453: Was organized in 1819 and, in 1820, launched the first steamboat on Cayuga Lake, the Enterprise. In 1821, the village was incorporated at the same time the Town of Ithaca was organized and separated from the parent Town of Ulysses. In 1834, the Ithaca and Owego Railroad's first horse drawn train began service, connecting traffic on the east–west Erie Canal , which was completed in 1825, with

6400-553: Was the founding branch of the organization and contributed several illustrious members like Hans Bethe , the German - American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1967 for his work on the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis . The chapter continues to offer housing to graduate students in the sciences at its house at 116 Oak Avenue. The Chicago chapter was the second chapter of

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