120-427: Gaalipata ( transl. Kite ) is a 2008 Indian Kannada -language romantic comedy drama film written and directed by Yogaraj Bhat . It features an ensemble cast consisting of Ganesh , Anant Nag , Rajesh Krishnan , Diganth , Daisy Bopanna , Neethu and Bhavana Rao . The plot revolves around three friends who, debilitated of city life, decide to spend some time in the paternal house of one of them, at
240-486: A Champu work in pure Kannada using only indigenous ( desya ) Kannada words and the derived form of Sanskrit words – tadbhavas , without the admixture of Sanskrit words. He succeeded in his challenge and proved wrong those who had advocated that it was impossible to write a work in Kannada without using Sanskrit words. Andayya may be considered as a protector of Kannada poets who were ridiculed by Sanskrit advocates. Thus Kannada
360-466: A Palagannada (Old Kannada) of much ancient times, which is nothing but the Pre-Old Kannada and also warns aspiring Kannada writers to avoid its archaisms, as per R. S. Hukkerikar. Regarding earlier poems in Kannada, the author of " Kavirajamarga " states that old Kannada is appropriate in ancient poems but insipid in contemporaneous works as per R. Narasimhacharya. Gunanandi (900 AD), quoted by
480-545: A medical student; and Kitty, an engineer, are caught by police for drunk driving on a night in Bangalore . They use the influence of Ganesh's father, a legislator, to escape consequences. To cheer up Kitty after a breakup with his girlfriend and to free themselves, the three arrive at the house of Diganth's grandfather in Mugilpete. Once there, they are introduced to and begin to stay at the guesthouse of Kodandaram, an avid hunter,
600-486: A 3rd-century AD Tamil inscription there is usage of oppanappa vIran . Here the honorific appa to a person's name is an influence from Kannada. Another word of Kannada origin is taayviru and is found in a 4th-century AD Tamil inscription. S. Settar studied the sittanavAsal inscription of first century AD as also the inscriptions at tirupparamkunram , adakala and neDanUpatti . The later inscriptions were studied in detail by Iravatham Mahadevan also. Mahadevan argues that
720-472: A Satavahana king Sire Polemaios, who is identified with Sri Pulumayi (or Pulumavi), whose name is derived from the Kannada word for Puli , meaning tiger. Some scholars indicate that the name Pulumayi is actually Kannada's ' Puli Maiyi ' or ' One with the body of a tiger ' indicating native Kannada origin for the Satavahanas. Pai identifies all the 10 cities mentioned by Ptolemy (100–170 AD) as lying between
840-694: A few coins of the Kadambas of Hangal are also available. The oldest known existing record of Kannada poetry in Tripadi metre is the Kappe Arabhatta record of 7th century AD. Kavirajamarga by King Nripatunga Amoghavarsha I (850 AD) is the earliest existing literary work in Kannada. It is a writing on literary criticism and poetics meant to standardise various written Kannada dialects used in literature in previous centuries. The book makes reference to Kannada works by early writers such as King Durvinita of
960-520: A kite which on flying accidentally unstrings and flies away. Dejected, and eager to marry her, he speaks to her, and despite having developed a liking for him, she refuses. She decides to take up an offer for a job with an NGO in Switzerland and leaves for the nearest airport, when Ganesh accompanies her. Wishing to fly kites with the village kids across the river one last time, they use a coracle to cross it. Just as Sowmya confesses her feelings for him,
1080-420: A kite, symbolic to the title of the film. Invitees included film producers and directors V. Ravichandran , Duniya Soori , Rockline Venkatesh and E. Krishnappa. Ashwini Music of Ashwini Media distributed the audio into the market. The reviewer for Gandhadagudi.com called the soundtrack album of Gaalipata , one with "extraordinary lyric[s]". He called the song "Minchagi Neenu" followed by "Nadheem Dheem tana"
1200-405: A life with her. He then realises that Devadas has died. The film ends with Preetham burying Devadas. Director Yograj Bhat , who had earlier dabbled in advertising and corporate films, began working on the script of Mungaru Male . He read the script to Puneeth Rajkumar and Ramya who rejected it. Ganesh introduced Yograj Bhat to producer E. Krishnappa, who agreed to finance the film. Bhat cast
1320-492: A man named Jaanu. Jaanu, who has been following Nandini, hits Preetham, thinking that he is in love with her. Preetham, unaware that Jaanu has vowed not to allow anyone near Nandini, fights Jaanu and his gang in revenge. In Madikeri, Preetham unexpectedly meets Nandini. He identifies himself and expresses his love for her and offers to put her lost watch on her. Nandini, who is already engaged, rejects his request. Nonetheless, Preetham vows to marry Nandini if she meets him again. In
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#17329239433481440-526: A multiplex, and holds the record for the longest-running film at a multiplex in addition to having one of the highest recorded box-office collections in Kannada cinema . According to the Bangalore Mirror , it was the first Kannada film to cross the ₹50 crore box office collection mark. It was the first film to run for over 865 days in history of Karnataka. and collected an estimated ₹ 75 Crore to become
1560-739: A number of prolific and renowned poets and writers such as Kuvempu , Bendre , and V K Gokak . Works of Kannada literature have received eight Jnanpith awards , the highest number awarded to any Indian language. Kannada–Kannada dictionary has existed in Kannada along with ancient works of Kannada grammar. The oldest available Kannada dictionary was composed by the poet 'Ranna' called 'Ranna Kanda' (ರನ್ನ ಕಂದ) in 996 AD. Other dictionaries are ' Abhidhana Vastukosha' (ಅಭಿದಾನ ವಾಸ್ತುಕೋಶ) by Nagavarma (1045 AD), 'Amarakoshada Teeku' (ಅಮರಕೋಶದ ತೀಕು) by Vittala (1300), 'Abhinavaabhidaana' (ಅಭಿನವಾಭಿದಾನ) by Abhinava Mangaraja (1398 AD) and many more. A Kannada–English dictionary consisting of more than 70,000 words
1680-431: A picturesque location atop a hill station. Spending a gala time there, they become romantically involved with the three daughters of an avid hunter. The film was produced by Suryaprakash Rao of SPR Entertainment Pvt Ltd., and was made on a budget ₹ 60 million. The cinematography was done by R. Rathnavelu , and the film was edited by Suresh Urs . The film score and soundtrack were composed by V. Harikrishna . Gaalipata
1800-536: A production budget of ₹ 70 lakh (US$ 84,000), the film collected ₹ 50 crore (500 million) in 300 days. Then film went on to gross ₹ 50 –75 crore ( ₹ 500–750 million) by the end of its theatrical run of 865 days. The film has also been released with 150 prints in Karnataka. This was the first Indian film which ran over a year in a multiplex: PVR cinemas Bangalore. Mungaaru Male was being screened at full theatres, one year after its release. According to reports it
1920-606: A real-life boar was used in addition to the use of visual effects and rotoscoping . The visual effects work of total time of 2 minutes and 40 seconds of sequences featuring the boar cost around ₹ 750,000. Digital intermediate was used for digitizing and color manipulation of the film. The climax featuring Ganesh and Daisy Bopanna rowing a coracle was filmed in Shivanasamudra Falls in Mandya . The third and final schedule of shoot wrapped up in late August 2007. The production and
2040-464: A relatively unknown actress, Pooja Gandhi, for the lead female role in the film. Approximately 80% of the scenes were filmed in the rain. Shooting locations included major part in Sakaleshpura , Madikeri , Jog Falls Sagara , and Gadag . Krishna, the cameraman, was a part-time photographer prior to the film. The song "Kunidu Kunidu" and the climax was shot at Jog Falls. Mano Murthy scored
2160-530: A total of 65 days was set for the project. It was revealed prior to filming that Bhat would receive a remuneration of ₹ 11.5 million, in addition to a bonus of ₹ 3.5 million if the film grosses ₹ 80 million. Ganesh was reportedly signed for an amount of ₹ 7 million. The first schedule was mainly filmed in the Shimoga region of Karnataka , in Thirthahalli , Agumbe and the mountains of Kodachadri . The sequence of
2280-914: Is a South Dravidian language and a descendant of Tamil-Kannada , from which it derives its grammar and core vocabulary. Its history can be divided into three stages: Old Kannada, or Haḷegannaḍa from 450 to 1200 AD, Middle Kannada ( Naḍugannaḍa ) from 1200 to 1700 and Modern Kannada ( Hosagannaḍa ) from 1700 to the present. Kannada has it been influenced to a considerable degree by Sanskrit and Prakrit , both in morphology, phonetics, vocabulary, grammar and syntax. The three principle sources of influence on literary Kannada grammar appear to be Pāṇini 's grammar, non-Pāṇinian schools of Sanskrit grammar, particularly Katantra and Sakatayana schools, and Prakrit grammar. Literary Prakrit seems to have prevailed in Karnataka since ancient times. Speakers of vernacular Prakrit may have come into contact with Kannada speakers, thus influencing their language, even before Kannada
2400-497: Is a classical Dravidian language spoken predominantly by the people of Karnataka in southwestern India , with minorities in all neighbouring states. It has around 44 million native speakers, and is additionally a second or third language for around 15 million non-native speakers in Karnataka. The official and administrative language of the state of Karnataka, it also has scheduled status in India and has been included among
2520-500: Is a rare work, concerning with the issue of class struggle. This period saw the advent of Haridasa Sahitya ( lit Dasa literature) which made rich contributions to Bhakti literature and sowed the seeds of Carnatic music. Purandara Dasa is widely considered the Father of Carnatic music . The Kannada works produced from the 19th century make a gradual transition and are classified as Hosagannaḍa or Modern Kannada. Most notable among
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#17329239433482640-433: Is a work of 96,000 verse-measures and a commentary on logic ( Tatwartha-mahashastra ). Other sources date Chudamani to the 6th century or earlier. An inscription of 1128 AD quotes a couplet by the famous Sanskrit poet Dandin (active 680–720 AD), highly praising Srivaradhadeva, for his Kannada work Chudamani, as having "produced Saraswati (i.e., learning and eloquence) from the tip of his tongue, as Siva produced
2760-780: Is about 75,000. Ethnologue also classifies a group of four languages related to Kannada, which are, besides Kannada proper, Badaga , Holiya , Kurumba and Urali . The Golars or Golkars are a nomadic herdsmen tribe present in Nagpur , Chanda , Bhandara , Seoni and Balaghat districts of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh speak the Golari dialect of Kannada which is identical to the Holiya dialect spoken by their tribal offshoot Holiyas present in Seoni, Nagpur and Bhandara of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. There were around 3,600 speakers of this dialect as per
2880-501: Is almost identical to that of other Indian languages . The Kannada script is almost entirely phonetic, but for the sound of a "half n" (which becomes a half m). The number of written symbols, however, is far more than the forty-nine characters in the alphabet, because different characters can be combined to form compound characters (ottakshara) . Each written symbol in the Kannada script corresponds with one syllable , as opposed to one phoneme in languages like English—the Kannada script
3000-545: Is an example of a Sanskrit inscription in old Kannada script. Kannada inscriptions are discovered in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana , Maharashtra , Tamil Nadu Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat in addition to Karnataka. This indicates the spread of the influence of the language over the ages, especially during the rule of large Kannada empires. The earliest copper plates inscribed in Old Kannada script and language, dated to
3120-423: Is artistically captured by cameraman Randy aka Rathnavelu. Award winning technicians like editor Suresh Urs and art director Shashidhar Adapa have effectively performed their tasks too." Writing for The Times of India , G. S. Kumar wrote, "This is a masterpiece by director Yogaraj Bhat after the success of his earlier film Mungaru Male. This romantic story is more serious. The script has been brilliantly handled and
3240-465: Is believed to have shaped and strengthened the careers of Ganesh; Pooja Gandhi; director Yograj Bhat; lyricist Jayant Kaikini , choreographers A. Harsha and Imran Sardaria; composer Mano Murthy ; and made Bollywood playback singers Sonu Nigam , Kunal Ganjawala and Udit Narayan popular in Karnataka . It was the first film in India (for any language) to be screened continuously for over one year in
3360-1110: Is more or less consistent throughout Karnataka. The Ethnologue reports "about 20 dialects" of Kannada. Among them are Kundagannada (spoken exclusively in Kundapura, Brahmavara, Bynduru and Hebri), Nador-Kannada (spoken by Nadavaru ), Havigannada (spoken mainly by Havyaka Brahmins ), Are Bhashe (spoken by Gowda community mainly in Madikeri and Sullia region of Dakshina Kannada ), Malenadu Kannada (Sakaleshpur, Coorg, Shimoga, Chikmagalur), Sholaga , Gulbarga Kannada , Dharawad Kannada etc. All of these dialects are influenced by their regional and cultural background. The one million Komarpants in and around Goa speak their own dialect of Kannada, known as Halegannada. They are settled throughout Goa state, throughout Uttara Kannada district and Khanapur taluk of Belagavi district, Karnataka. The Halakki Vokkaligas of Uttara Kannada and Shimoga districts of Karnataka speak in their own dialect of Kannada called Halakki Kannada or Achchagannada. Their population estimate
3480-568: Is of 350 AD and is also older than the Halmidi inscription. Current estimates of the total number of existing epigraphs written in Kannada range from 25,000 by the scholar Sheldon Pollock to over 30,000 by Amaresh Datta of the Sahitya Akademi . Prior to the Halmidi inscription, there is an abundance of inscriptions containing Kannada words, phrases and sentences, proving its antiquity. The 543 AD Badami cliff inscription of Pulakesi I
3600-571: Is probable that they wrote in Kannada also. Samantabhadra is placed in 2nd century AD by Jain tradition. Old Kannada commentaries on some of his works exist. He was said to have born in Utkalikagrama and while performing penance in Manuvakahalli, he was attacked by a disease called Bhasmaka . Pujyapada also called Devanandi, was the preceptor of Ganga king Durvinita and belonged to the late 5th to early 6th century AD. Kaviparameshthi probably lived in
3720-770: Is roughly 1.23 million, which is 2.2% of Tamil Nadu's total population. The Malayalam spoken by people of Lakshadweep has many Kannada words. In the United States, there were 35,900 speakers in 2006–2008, a number that had risen to 48,600 by the time of the 2015 census. There are 4,000 speakers in Canada (according to the 2016 census), 9,700 in Australia (2016 census), 22,000 in Singapore (2018 estimate), and 59,000 in Malaysia (2021 estimate). Kannada, like Malayalam and Tamil ,
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3840-474: Is so easy. It is the writer in Yogaraj Bhat who comes off with flying colours again and his eagerness to go offbeat in narration is certain to lease a large number of audience who seek a big quota of freshness in the film." The reviewer acclaimed the role of the technical department and called it "a complete film". The reviewer for Indiaglitz called the film "[t]echnically this is a superb cinema", called some of
3960-420: Is syllabic. Additionally, Kannada included the following phonemes, which dropped out of common usage in the 12th and 18th century respectively: Mungaru Male Mungaru Male ( transl. Pre-monsoon rain ) is a 2006 Indian Kannada -language romantic drama film co-written and directed by Yogaraj Bhat , and produced by E. Krishnappa. It stars Ganesh , Pooja Gandhi and Anant Nag . The film
4080-412: Is the only Dravidian language which is not only capable of using only native Kannada words and grammar in its literature (like Tamil), but also use Sanskrit grammar and vocabulary (like Telugu, Malayalam, Tulu, etc.) The Champu style of literature of mixing poetry with prose owes its origins to the Kannada language which was later incorporated by poets into Sanskrit and other Indian languages. During
4200-421: Is written using the Kannada script , which evolved from the 5th-century Kadamba script . Kannada is attested epigraphically for about one and a half millennia and literary Old Kannada flourished during the 9th-century Rashtrakuta Empire . Kannada has an unbroken literary history of around 1200 years. Kannada literature has been presented with eight Jnanapith awards , the most for any Dravidian language and
4320-723: The Old Kannada Gunabhushitana Nishadi inscription discovered on the Chandragiri hill, Shravanabelagola , is older than Halmidi inscription by about fifty to hundred years and may belong to the period AD 350–400. The noted archaeologist and art historian S. Shettar is of the opinion that an inscription of the Western Ganga King Kongunivarma Madhava ( c. 350 –370) found at Tagarthi (Tyagarthi) in Shikaripura taluk of Shimoga district
4440-458: The "Prabhrita", and Srivaradhadeva (also called Tumubuluracharya, 650 or earlier), who wrote the "Chudamani" ("Crest Jewel"), a 96,000-verse commentary on logic. The Karnateshwara Katha , a eulogy for King Pulakesi II , is said to have belonged to the 7th century; the Gajastaka , a lost "ashtaka" (eight line verse) composition and a work on elephant management by King Shivamara II , belonged to
4560-476: The "gadyakatha", a mixture of prose and poetry, the " chattana " and the " bedande ", poems of several stanzas that were meant to be sung with the optional use of a musical instrument. Amoghavarsha Nripatunga compares the puratana-kavigal (old Kannada poets) who wrote the great Chattana poems in Kannada to the likes of the great Sanskrit poets like Gunasuri, Narayana, Bharavi, Kalidasa, Magha, etc. This Old Kannada work, Kavirajamarga , itself in turn refers to
4680-719: The 10th century AD (in the commentary on Neminatham , a Tamil grammatical work) make references that show that Kannada literature must have flourished as early as the BC 4th century. Around the beginning of the 9th century, Old Kannada was spoken from Kaveri to Godavari . The Kannada spoken between the rivers Varada and Malaprabha was the pure well of Kannada undefiled. The late classical period gave birth to several genres of Kannada literature, with new forms of composition coming into use, including Ragale (a form of blank verse) and meters like Sangatya and Shatpadi . The works of this period are based on Jain and Hindu principles. Two of
4800-661: The 1901 census, spoke a Kannada dialect called Kurumvari. The Kurumbas or Kurubas, a nomadic shepherd tribe were spread across the Nilgiris , Coimbatore , Salem , North and South Arcots , Trichinopoly , Tanjore and Pudukottai of Tamil Nadu, Cuddapah and Anantapur of Andhra Pradesh , Malabar and Cochin of Kerala and South Canara and Coorg of Karnataka and spoke the Kurumba Kannada dialect. The Kurumba and Kurumvari dialect (both closely related with each other) speakers were estimated to be around 11,400 in total as per
4920-626: The 1901 census. Matthew A. Sherring describes the Golars and Holars as a pastoral tribe from the Godavari banks established in the districts around Nagpur, in the stony tracts of Ambagarh , forests around Ramplee and Sahangadhee. Along the banks of the Wainganga , they dwell in the Chakurhaitee and Keenee subdivisions. The Kurumvars of Chanda district of Maharashtra, a wild pastoral tribe, 2,200 in number as per
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5040-781: The 1901 census. There were about 34,250 Badaga speakers as per the 1901 census. Nasik district of Maharashtra has a distinct tribe called 'Hatkar Kaanadi' people who speak a Kannada (Kaanadi) dialect with lot of old Kannada words. Per Chidananda Murthy, they are the native people of Nasik from ancient times, which shows that North Maharashtra's Nasik area had Kannada population 1000 years ago. Kannada speakers formed 0.12% of Nasik district's population as per 1961 census. The language uses forty-nine phonemic letters, divided into three groups: swaragalu (vowels – thirteen letters); vyanjanagalu (consonants – thirty-four letters); and yogavaahakagalu (neither vowel nor consonant – two letters: anusvara ಂ and visarga ಃ ). The character set
5160-819: The 4th century AD. He may possibly be the same as the Kaviswara referred to in the Kavirajamarga, and the Kaviparameswara praised by Chavunda Raya (978 AD) and his spiritual teacher, Nemichandra (10th century AD), all the names possibly being only epithets. Kannada works from earlier centuries mentioned in the Kavirajamarga are not yet traced. Some ancient Kannada texts now considered extinct but referenced in later centuries are Prabhrita (650 AD) by Syamakundacharya, Chudamani (Crest Jewel—650 AD or earlier) by Srivaradhadeva, also known as Tumbuluracharya, which
5280-605: The 4th century, i.e., 338 AD. The Kannada Lion balustrade inscription excavated at the Pranaveshwara temple complex at Talagunda near Shiralakoppa of Shivamogga district, dated to 370 AD is now considered the earliest Kannada inscriptions replacing the Halmidi inscription of 450 AD. The 5th century poetic Tamatekallu inscription of Chitradurga and the Siragunda inscription from Chikkamagaluru Taluk of 500 AD are further examples. Recent reports indicate that
5400-568: The 6th century and Ravikirti, the author of the Aihole record of 636 AD. Since the earliest available Kannada work is one on grammar and a guide of sorts to unify existing variants of Kannada grammar and literary styles, it can be safely assumed that literature in Kannada must have started several centuries earlier. An early extant prose work, the Vaḍḍārādhane (ವಡ್ಡಾರಾಧನೆ) by Shivakotiacharya of 900 AD provides an elaborate description of
5520-485: The 8th century, this served as the basis for 2 popular folk songs Ovanige and Onakevadu, which were sung either while pounding corn or to entice wild elephants into a pit (" Ovam "). The Chandraprabha-purana by Sri Vijaya, a court poet of emperor Amoghavarsha I , is ascribed to the early 9th century. His writing has been mentioned by Vijayanagara poets Mangarasa III and Doddiah (also spelt Doddayya, c. 1550 AD) and praised by Durgasimha (c. 1025 AD). During
5640-431: The 9th century AD. Around 900 AD, Gunavarma I wrote "Sudraka" and "Harivamsa" (also known as "Neminatha Purana"). In "Sudraka" he compared his patron, Ganga king Ereganga Neetimarga II (c. 907–921 AD), to a noted king called Sudraka. Jinachandra, who is referred to by Sri Ponna (c. 950 AD) as the author of "Pujyapada Charita", had earned the honorific "modern Samantha Bhadra". Tamil Buddhist commentators of
5760-537: The 9th century period, the Digambara Jain poet Asaga (or Asoka) authored, among other writings, "Karnata Kumarasambhava Kavya" and "Varadamana Charitra". His works have been praised by later poets, although none of his works are available today. "Gunagankiyam", the earliest known prosody in Kannada, was referenced in a Tamil work dated to 10th century or earlier ("Yapparungalakkarigai" by Amritasagara). Gunanandi, an expert in logic, Kannada grammar and prose, flourished in
5880-657: The Ganges from the tip of his top-knot." Bhattakalanka (1604 CE), the great Kannada grammarian, refers to Srivaradhadeva's Chudamani as the greatest work in Kannada, and as incontestable proof of the scholarly character and value of Kannada literature. This makes Srivaradhadeva's time earlier than the 6th–7th century AD. Other writers, whose works are not extant now but titles of which are known from independent references such as Indranandi's "Srutavatara", Devachandra's "Rajavalikathe", Bhattakalanka's "Sabdanusasana" of 1604, writings of Jayakirthi are Syamakundacharya (650), who authored
6000-795: The Income Tax department multiple times, who claimed that the film had collected ₹67.5 crore and demanded tax for that amount. After Mungaru Male, two of Ganesh's next films also became super hits. Bhat wrote about the making of Mungaru Male in the book Haage Summane , which was released on day of the silver jubilee celebration for the movie. The movie was remade in Telugu in 2008 as Vaana , in Bengali in 2008 as Premer Kahini , in Odia in 2009 as Romeo - The Lover Boy and in Marathi in 2017 as Premay Namaha . It
6120-748: The Indian-language passages in the ancient Greek play known as the Charition mime . The earliest examples of a full-length Kannada language stone inscription ( śilāśāsana ) containing Brahmi characters with characteristics attributed to those of proto-Kannada in Haḷe Kannaḍa ( lit Old Kannada) script can be found in the Halmidi inscription , usually dated c. 450 AD , indicating that Kannada had become an administrative language at that time. The Halmidi inscription provides invaluable information about
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#17329239433486240-561: The Kannada inscription Vira and Skandha were found in Satara collectorate. A gold coin bearing three inscriptions of Sri and an abbreviated inscription of king Bhagiratha's name called bhagi (c. 390–420 AD) in old Kannada exists. A Kadamba copper coin dated to the 5th century AD with the inscription Srimanaragi in Kannada script was discovered in Banavasi, Uttara Kannada district . Coins with Kannada legends have been discovered spanning
6360-811: The Sanskrit style of Kannada literature was Margi (formal or written form of language) and Desi (folk or spoken form of language) style was popular and made his people aware of the strength and beauty of their native language Kannada. In 1112 AD, Jain poet Nayasena of Mulugunda, Dharwad district, in his Champu work Dharmamrita (ಧರ್ಮಾಮೃತ), a book on morals, warns writers from mixing Kannada with Sanskrit by comparing it with mixing of clarified butter and oil. He has written it using very limited Sanskrit words which fit with idiomatic Kannada. In 1235 AD, Jain poet Andayya, wrote Kabbigara Kava - ಕಬ್ಬಿಗರ ಕಾವ (Poet's Defender), also called Sobagina Suggi (Harvest of Beauty) or Madana-Vijaya and Kavana-Gella (Cupid's Conquest) ,
6480-543: The Satavahanas, with a high degree of civilisation [...] There is, therefore, no reason to believe that these languages had less rich or less expressive oral traditions than Tamil had towards the end of its pre-literate period. The Ashoka rock edict found at Brahmagiri (dated to 250 BC) has been suggested to contain words ( Isila , meaning to throw, viz. an arrow, etc.) in identifiable Kannada. In some 3rd–1st century BC Tamil inscriptions, words of Kannada influence such as Naliyura , kavuDi and posil were found. In
6600-429: The bar-owner for directions to Col. Subbaiah's home because of the heavy rains and badly-maintained interior roads of Coorg. Jaanu arrives and tries to kill Gautam, Preetham saves him and convinces Jaanu that Gautam is the best person to marry Nandini. The next day, Preetham brings Gautam to the wedding after Gautam's car broke down. They reach just in time for the ceremony, but Preetham declines to attend. Gautam asks for
6720-521: The beginning of principal photography being scheduled for 22 June 2007, it began on 12 June. It took place at Sree Kanteerava Stadium in Bangalore , when a part of the film's title song was shot. Director N. Lingusamy clapped the first shot while actor Sudeep directed it. Speaking to the media on the film's plot, Bhat said, "It's about three youngsters, their angst and ambitions. They meet and fall for girls diametrically opposite in temperament and tastes." A budget of ₹ 60 million to ₹ 65 million and
6840-466: The cinematographer and V. Harikrishna as the composer. "In Gaalipata , we've shot on the highest peak of Kodachadri mountains, where there's zero visibility for most of the day. We also shot on the edge of the Shimsha falls and it was really freaky. The drop was quite steep and when we shot there, the search squads were in full swing looking for drowned tourists. But the effort has been worth it." Despite
6960-608: The coracle capsizes as they encounter a rapid . Ganesh saves her from drowning, when she professes her love for him and she accepts with a hug. Following the release of Mungaru Male in December 2006, Yogaraj Bhat began working on the story for his next film, in January 2007. The film was announced in early June 2007 with Suryaprakash Rao producing it. Revealing that the story revolved around three parallel male leads, Bhat announced that Diganth and singer Rajesh Krishnan were signed as
7080-550: The country's designated classical languages . Kannada was the court language of a number of dynasties and empires of South , Central India and Deccan Plateau , namely the Kadamba dynasty , Western Ganga dynasty , Nolamba dynasty , Chalukya dynasty , Rashtrakutas , Western Chalukya Empire , Seuna dynasty , Kingdom of Mysore , Nayakas of Keladi , Hoysala dynasty and the Vijayanagara Empire . The Kannada language
7200-415: The dialogues "carelessly written", and opined, "Yogaraj Bhat once again bank on Ganesh stardom and gives back seat to all others in the film. Sketching each character with different outlook Bhat has forgotten to write a good story for the film. The flow of developments set with beautiful backdrop and tolerable artistes handling the roles makes this film worth watching." Sify in its review echoed his view on
7320-429: The dialogues, yet rated the film positively calling it a film with "various fabulous elements". The reviewer commended the performance on all actors highlighting those of Ganesh and Neethu. He further wrote, "Yogaraj Bhat picks the similar locations with most dangerous water falls like Shivanasamudra, Kodachadri and exquisite mountains ranges of Karnataka. The technical excellence like Super 35, Digital Intermediate done for
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#17329239433487440-473: The distributors had the fares increased with the film doing well, unlike the hitherto trend that began with the 1999 Kannada film A.K.47 , when producers had it done. It continued to perform well and collected around ₹ 200 million (US$ 2.4 million) as it approached its 100th day. Following public demand, the film began to be screened at more centers replacing the Hindi film Jodhaa Akbar . With Karnataka being
7560-641: The early 8th century AD, are associated with Alupa King Aluvarasa II from Belmannu (the Dakshina Kannada district), and display the double crested fish, his royal emblem. The oldest well-preserved palm leaf manuscript in Old Kannada is that of Dhavala . It dates to around the 9th century and is preserved in the Jain Bhandar, Mudbidri, Dakshina Kannada district. The manuscript contains 1478 leaves written using ink. Some early Kadamba Dynasty coins bearing
7680-542: The early writers of this period are Harihara and Raghavanka, trailblazers in their own right. Harihara established the Ragale form of composition while Raghavanka popularised the Shatpadi (six-lined stanza) meter. A famous Jaina writer of the same period is Janna , who expressed Jain religious teachings through his works. The Vachana Sahitya tradition of the 12th century is purely native and unique in world literature, and
7800-419: The edge. Preetam, intent on marrying Nandini, takes Col. Subbaiah for a morning jog to discuss the matter. But Col. Subbaiah, a heart patient, tells Preetham that he is expected to die anytime and his only desire is to get Nandini married to Gautam: an army officer who saved his life during a war. He also could feel Nandini's mother's worry when she realised that Nandini could be in love with someone else because
7920-419: The film enhances the quality of the film." The film had a slow start upon theatrical release. The first week net share of Gaalipata was ₹1.5 crores all over Karnataka. Collections picked up gradually collected a share of ₹ 25 million (US$ 300,000) in its first week. Following good response from the audiences, fares were increased by ₹ 5 to ₹ 20 per ticket in some theatres. However, it was later revealed that
8040-487: The film released on 18 January 2008, the album emerged as a massive success with "chartbuster" tracks. Gaalipata was released on 18 January 2008 in over 300 theatres across Karnataka and in Chennai , Hyderabad , Mumbai and Pune . K. C. N. Chandrasekhar and H. D. Gangaraj, both of whom had then previously served as presidents of Karnataka Film Chamber of Commerce (KFCC) distributed the film on commission basis. The DVD of
8160-936: The film with 5.1 surround sound was distributed by Anand Video. The film was awarded the Best Kannada Film award for the year 2006–07 by the Government of Karnataka (seven awards in total from the Government of Karnataka). It won three Filmfare awards : best music, best direction and best film. However, it did not win a single national award from the Government of India . The success of Mungaru Male turned Ganesh and Pooja Gandhi into most sought-after actors in Kannada cinema. Ganesh had back-to-back commercial successes in Cheluvina Chittara (2007), Hudugaata (2007) and Krishna (2007). Ganesh and Bhat delivered two consecutive films that emerged as commercial successes,
8280-403: The film with 5.1 surround sound was distributed by Anand Video. Reviewing the film for Deccan Herald , Nrupathunga S. K. called it a "visual treat" and wrote, "The awesome locations, beautiful camera work, good screen play and superb performance by the lead actors make it to the list of good films. The director has once again shown that even a simple story can be presented well, provided that
8400-426: The film's background music and its soundtrack, lyrics for which was penned by Jayant Kaikini , Yogaraj Bhat, Kaviraj and Hrudaya Shiva. The soundtrack album consists of seven tracks. Anand Audio bought the distribution rights for ₹ 500,000. It was released on 6 November 2006 in Bangalore . Upon the album's release, it topped the charts with the song " Anisuthide " receiving significant radio and TV air time. It
8520-404: The film, came to be attached with his name in the media along with a tag of 'Chocolate Hero'. The film also proved to be a launchpad in the careers of actresses Neethu and Bhavana Rao. The success of the film's soundtrack, especially the track "Minchagi Neenu Baralu" sung by Sonu Nigam , further propelled his playback singing career in Kannada cinema, who was already a "singer-in-demand" following
8640-451: The film, titled Mungaru Male 2 , was released in 2016. Preetham is on a visit to Eva Mall in Bangalore ; amidst a heavy wind, he spots a pretty girl, Nandini. While staring at her, he inadvertently falls into a manhole. Nandini rescues him, but in the process she loses her heart-shaped watch which she had just bought. While accompanying his mother to Madikeri in Coorg , Preetham confronts
8760-865: The first South Indian film. The Income Tax department alleged that the movie had collected ₹ 67.5 crore (US$ 8.1 million) and demanded tax on that amount. It ran for a record 460 days at the PVR Multiplex . It also holds a national record in Indian Cinema for running more than one year in PVR. It was remade in 2008 in Telugu as Vaana , in 2008 in Bengali as Premer Kahini , in 2009 in Odia as Romeo - The Lover Boy and in 2017 in Marathi as Premay Namaha . A spiritual sequel to
8880-747: The first ten books of the Mahabharata . During this period, the Sanskritic influence is present in most abstract, religious, scientific and rhetorical terms. During this period, several Hindi and Marathi words came into Kannada, chiefly relating to feudalism and militia. Hindu saints of the Vaishnava sect such as Kanakadasa , Purandaradasa , Naraharitirtha , Vyasatirtha , Sripadaraya , Vadirajatirtha , Vijaya Dasa , Gopala Dasa , Jagannatha Dasa , Prasanna Venkatadasa produced devotional poems in this period. Kanakadasa's Rāmadhānya Charite (ರಾಮಧಾನ್ಯ ಚರಿತೆ)
9000-639: The grammarian Bhattakalanka and always addressed as Bhagawan (the adorable), was the author of a logic, grammar and sahitya . Durvinita (529–579 AD), the Ganga king, was the pupil of the author of Sabdavatara, i.e., Devanandi Pujyapada. Durvinita is said to have written a commentary on the difficult 15th sarga of Bharavi's Kiratarjuniya in Kannada. Early Kannada writers regularly mention three poets as of especial eminence among their predecessors – Samanta-bhadra, Kavi Parameshthi and Pujyapada. Since later Kannada poets so uniformly name these three as eminent poets, it
9120-624: The heart-shaped watch as a memento but Preetham leaves, unwilling to part with it. They search for Preetham, but cannot find him. Only Preetham's mother knows the truth of his love for Nandini, and she tries to hide her fear. Resignedly, Preetham watches the arch proclaiming "Gautham weds Nandini" and the marriage taking place in Kodava style. As he leaves, he spots Devadas and takes the rabbit with him. Driving towards Bangalore, Preetham confides in Devadas as to how much he loved Nandini, and how he wished he had
9240-567: The history and culture of Karnataka. A set of five copper plate inscriptions discovered in Mudiyanur, though in the Sanskrit language, is in the Pre- Old Kannada script older than the Halmidi edict date of 450 AD, as per palaeographers. Followed by B. L. Rice , leading epigrapher and historian, K. R. Narasimhan following a detailed study and comparison, declared that the plates belong to
9360-538: The language and culture) in the southern Kuntala region during the reign of Vasishtiputra Pulumayi ( c. 85 -125 AD, i.e., late 1st century – early 2nd century AD) who was ruling from Paithan in the north and his son, prince Vilivaya-kura or Pulumayi Kumara was ruling from Huvina Hipparagi in present Karnataka in the south. An early ancestor of Kannada (or a related language) may have been spoken by Indian traders in Roman-era Egypt and it may account for
9480-586: The lead roles along with Sharmila Mandre and Sonal Manterio as female leads. Lyricist Jayanth Kaikini will also be continued for the film while Arjun Janya will compose first time for Bhat. The success of Gaalipata turned Ganesh into one of the most sought-after actors in Kannada cinema. He was already coming on the back of major commercial successes Mungaru Male (2006), Cheluvina Chittara (2007), and moderate successes Hudugaata (2007) and Krishna (2007). Yogaraj Bhat had delivered his two consecutive films that emerged as massive commercial successes,
9600-457: The life of Bhadrabahu of Shravanabelagola . Some of the early writers of prose and verse mentioned in the Kavirajamarga, numbering 8–10, stating these are but a few of many, but whose works are lost, are Vimala or Vimalachandra (c. 777), Udaya, Nagarjuna, Jayabandhu, Durvinita (6th century), and poets including Kaviswara, Srivijaya, Pandita, Chandra, Ravi Kirti (c. 634) and Lokapala. For fragmentary information on these writers, we can refer
9720-514: The major market for Kannada films, the film continued to do well even as Bindaas , which released in February 2008, failed to perform. Gaalipata completed a 175-run at a center in Bangalore on 8 June. The director Yograj Bhat have confirmed the sequel of the movie named Gaalipata 2 starring different ensemble cast produced by Ramesh reddy. Pawan Kumar , Ganesh and Diganth will be featured in
9840-863: The massive success of Mungaru Male' s soundtrack. It also contributed to the film's success in a major way. With the song, lyricist and writer Jayant Kaikini 's reputation as a writer of romantic songs further elevated, and is considered one of his best. A film with the same title was released in 2015, also starring Diganth as the male lead. Kannada Vijayanagara : ( Origin . Empire . Musicological nonet . Medieval city . Military . Haridasa . Battle of Raichur . Battle of Talikota ) Sultanate : Dialects: ( Kundagannada . Havigannada . Arebhashe ) Jainism : ( In Karnataka . In North Karnataka . Jain Bunt ) Kannada ( / ˈ k ɑː n ə d ə , ˈ k æ n -/ ; ಕನ್ನಡ , IPA: [ˈkɐnːɐɖa] ), formerly also known as Canarese ,
9960-485: The meantime, Preetham discovers that his nearly-deaf host in Madikeri, Col. Subbaiah, is Nandini's father and that her wedding is only a week away. Dejected, Preetham throws Nandini's watch away. But Nandini calls him and taunts him to return. Delighted, Preetham goes in search of her watch and spots a rabbit, which he names Devadas, and brings it along with the watch. Since Nandini's friends are due to arrive from Mumbai for
10080-477: The middle of the 5th century AD, but there are a number of earlier texts that may have been influenced by the ancestor language of Old Kannada. Iravatam Mahadevan, a Brahmin, author of a work on early Tamil epigraphy, argued that oral traditions in Kannada and Telugu existed much before written documents were produced. Although the rock inscriptions of Ashoka were written in Prakrit, the spoken language in those regions
10200-593: The modern port city of Mangaluru , upon its mouth. Many of these are Kannada origin names of places and rivers of the Karnataka coast of 1st century AD. The Greek geographer Ptolemy (150 AD) mentions places such as Badiamaioi (Badami), Inde (Indi), Kalligeris (Kalkeri), Modogoulla (Mudagal), Petrigala (Pattadakal), Hippokoura (Huvina Hipparagi), Nagarouris (Nagur), Tabaso (Tavasi), Tiripangalida (Gadahinglai), Soubouttou or Sabatha (Savadi), Banaouase (Banavasi), Thogorum (Tagara), Biathana (Paithan), Sirimalaga (Malkhed), Aloe (Ellapur) and Pasage (Palasige). He mentions
10320-634: The modernists was the poet Nandalike Muddana whose writing may be described as the "Dawn of Modern Kannada", though generally, linguists treat Indira Bai or Saddharma Vijayavu by Gulvadi Venkata Raya as the first literary works in Modern Kannada. The first modern movable type printing of "Canarese" appears to be the Canarese Grammar of Carey printed at Serampore in 1817, and the " Bible in Canarese " of John Hands in 1820. The first novel printed
10440-475: The movie excels in the above departments." Crediting the role of every department in the film, he highlighted those of Ganesh and the cinematographer R. Rathnavelu. R. G. Vijayasarathy of Rediff called it "a class act" and wrote, "Bhat has unleashed his best writing and narrating talents in this delightfully original and slickly presented entertainer which is witty, pretty and emotional." Especially praising Ganesh's performance, he further added, "Nature's beauty
10560-425: The narration is excellent." Applauding the performance of each of the lead actors, he concluded, "...it is Rathnavelu who walks away with all honours for his brilliant handling of the camera." Chitraloka stated, "The feverish pitch that was seen around the state before the release of the film has been finally answered with a brilliant presentation by director Yogaraj Bhat who makes if look that writing film scripts
10680-932: The native Kannada words found in Prakrit inscriptions of that period, Kannada must have been spoken by a broad and stable population. Kannada includes many loan words from Sanskrit. Some unaltered loan words ( Sanskrit : तत्सम , romanized : tatsama , lit. 'same as that'') include dina , 'day', kōpa , 'anger', sūrya , 'sun', mukha , 'face', and nimiṣa , 'minute'. Some examples of naturalised Sanskrit words ( Sanskrit : तद्भव , romanized : tadbhava , lit. 'arising from that') in Kannada are varṇa , 'colour', pūrṇime , and rāya from rāja , 'king'. Some naturalised words of Prakrit origin in Kannada are baṇṇa , 'colour' derived from vaṇṇa , huṇṇime , 'full moon' from puṇṇivā . The earliest Kannada inscriptions are from
10800-433: The neighbor and friend of Diganth's grandfather. Kodandaram, now handicapped from a hunting accident and confined to a wheelchair, lives with his wife Padma, daughter-in-law Sowmya, and daughters Radha and Pavani. Sowmya is widowed and teaches the village children; Radha, a student of Ayurveda , practices it. Ganesh, a foodie, is fascinated with learning of Kodandaram's hunting spoils and persuades him to join them in hunting
10920-424: The other being Gaalipata (2008). The film also proved to be a launchpad for the career of actress Pooja Gandhi. Gandhi also delivered back-to-back commercially superhit films such as Milana (2007), Krishna (2007), Taj Mahal (2008) and Budhivanta (2008). Jog Falls attained popularity and became a tourist spot after the film's release. Producer E Krishnappa and distributor Jayanna were raided by
11040-436: The other being Mungaru Male . Ganesh was seen in the film wearing a chain around the neck with a razor blade as the pendant. It became a trend among male fans. The film also proved to as a major break for Diganth who would go on to collaborate with Bhat frequently — Manasaare (2009), Pancharangi (2010) and Parapancha (2015). The nickname ' Doodh Peda ' (an Indian sweet), by which Ganesh addresses to him as, in
11160-473: The period between the 15th and 18th centuries, Hinduism had a great influence on Middle Kannada ( Naḍugannaḍa - ನಡುಗನ್ನಡ) language and literature. Kumara Vyasa , who wrote the Karṇāṭa Bhārata Kathāman̄jari (ಕರ್ಣಾಟ ಭಾರತ ಕಥಾಮಂಜರಿ), was arguably the most influential Kannada writer of this period. His work, entirely composed in the native Bhamini Shatpadi (hexa-meter), is a sublime adaptation of
11280-484: The period between the first century BC and fourth century AD. These are some examples that are proof of the early usage of a few Kannada origin words in early Tamil inscriptions before the common era and in the early centuries of the common era. Pliny the Elder , a Roman historian, wrote about pirates between Muziris and Nitrias ( Netravati River ), called Nitran by Ptolemy. He also mentions Barace (Barcelore), referring to
11400-422: The post-production work totaled to ₹ 70 million. V. Harikrishna scored the film's background music and composed its soundtrack, lyrics for which was penned by Jayant Kaikini , Yogaraj Bhat and Hrudaya Shiva. The soundtrack album consists of six tracks. It was released in Bangalore on 16 December 2007 in the form of audio cassettes and compact discs , both of which were then distributed to buyers attached to
11520-419: The rain and starts drinking. However, when Nandini walks towards him, offering an umbrella, he drunkenly tells Nandini that he should stay away from Nandini to remain a decent boy, rather than to propose or elope with her. Nandini is now in love with Preetham and is in a dilemma as her wedding is in a few days. She asks him to take her to the top of a waterfall where she expresses her love for him while standing at
11640-497: The river Benda (or Binda) or Bhima river in the north and Banaouasei ( Banavasi ) in the south, viz. Nagarouris (Nagur), Tabaso (Tavasi), Inde ( Indi ), Tiripangalida ( Gadhinglaj ), Hippokoura ( Huvina Hipparagi ), Soubouttou ( Savadi ), Sirimalaga ( Malkhed ), Kalligeris ( Kalkeri ), Modogoulla ( Mudgal ) and Petirgala ( Pattadakal ), as being located in Northern Karnataka which signify the existence of Kannada place names (and
11760-1066: The rule of the Western Ganga Dynasty , the Badami Chalukyas , the Alupas , the Western Chalukyas , the Rashtrakutas , the Hoysalas , the Vijayanagar Empire , the Kadamba Dynasty of Banavasi, the Keladi Nayakas and the Mysore Kingdom , the Badami Chalukya coins being a recent discovery. The coins of the Kadambas of Goa are unique in that they have alternate inscription of the king's name in Kannada and Devanagari in triplicate,
11880-561: The second highest for any Indian language. In July 2011, a center for the study of classical Kannada was established as part of the Central Institute of Indian Languages in Mysore to facilitate research related to the language. Kannada had 43.7 million native speakers in India at the time of the 2011 census. It is the main language of the state of Karnataka , where it is spoken natively by 40.6 million people, or about two thirds of
12000-513: The song "Nadheem Dheem Tana" was filmed in Kodachadri with 200 Yakshagana artistes as background dancers . By early August, about 25 percent of the shoot was complete, following which certain sequences were filmed in Sakleshpur . A major portion of the shoot took place in the misty hills of Mandalapatti, at the forest limits of Pushpagiri, in the Coorg region of Karnataka. Sequences shot here and
12120-408: The song, lyricist and writer Jayant Kaikini 's reputation as a writer of romantic songs further elevated, and is considered one of his best. Rediff.com 's critic awarded it a three-star rating and praised its cinematography, technical values, and the acting of Ganesh and Anant Nag. Indicine.com's critic rated the film 4 out of 5, describing Ganesh as the "life and soul of the movie". Other praise
12240-406: The songs of the album. Rediff wrote, "Harikrishna's music composition adds a lot of pep to the film. Minchaagi Neenu Baralu (lyrics by Jayanth Kaikini) rendered by Sonu Nigam and Thadeem Dheem Thana by Chithra deserve special mention for good composition..." The album emerged as a massive success following it release and was called by Rediff.com as "one of the most successful albums". By the time
12360-420: The state's population. There are native Kannada speakers in the neighbouring states of Tamil Nadu (1,140,000 speakers), Maharashtra (993,000), Andhra Pradesh and Telangana (533,000), Kerala (78,100) and Goa (67,800). It is also spoken as a second and third language by over 12.9 million non-native speakers in Karnataka. Kannadigas form Tamil Nadu's third biggest linguistic group; their population
12480-468: The sum of contributions by all sections of society. Vachanas were pithy poems on that period's social, religious and economic conditions. More importantly, they held a mirror to the seed of social revolution, which caused a radical re-examination of the ideas of caste, creed and religion. Some of the important writers of Vachana literature include Basavanna , Allama Prabhu and Akka Mahadevi . Emperor Nripatunga Amoghavarsha I of 850 AD recognised that
12600-453: The surroundings of Ripponpete by the cloud-covered Kodachadri peak were shown in parallel in the film, under then name Mugilpet, which in Kannada translates to "the town of clouds". Other places of filming included Bangalore , Kasargod , Kalasa , Melukote and Gopalaswamy Hills . The entire filming was done in Super 35 format, a first for Kannada-language films. For sequences of the wild boar ,
12720-484: The two main leads. Diganth had appeared in Bhat's Mungaru Male in a cameo and Krishnan had till then appeared in only one Kannada film as an actor. Bhat then announced of having cast Puneeth Rajkumar to play the other lead on 6 June. Opposite the three male leads, actresses Daisy Bopanna , Neethu and Chaya Singh were signed. However, the role of Puneeth later went to Ganesh , at a time when Mungaru Male , his film with Bhat
12840-779: The very wild boar that left his legs crippled two years ago. At the forest, Kodandaram accidentally shoots Diganth in the chest, but is saved by a gong he had worn around his neck. They embark on another and final venture to kill the boar. As the boar approaches a rifle-wielding and wheelchair-bound Kodandaram, he gets up on his feet as an impulse and refuses to shoot it, thankful for bringing him back to his feet again, and calls it an incarnation of varaha . As days pass by, Diganth develops feeling towards Radha, who reciprocates, and Pavani towards Kitty, who falls in love with her as well. Kodandaram and Padma approve of their relationship and decide to fix their wedding. Ganesh, in love with Sowmya, first tries confessing his feelings for her in writing, on
12960-417: The wedding was to happen the next day and all invitations were already sent out. Her mother also felt that it would be very unfair to a good person like Gautham. Hence, Preetham decides to obey Nandini's parents' wishes and let Gautham marry Nandini. The night before the wedding, an extremely depressed Preetham goes to a road-side bar to drink alcohol and sees Gautam arriving for his wedding ceremony. Gautam asks
13080-405: The wedding, Preetham takes Nandini to the railway station. The train is delayed by five hours, so Nandini and Preetham decide to visit a nearby hill-temple. While returning from the temple, Preetham and Nandini are caught in the rain. An old couple offers to give them shelter inside their hut. Preetham, still not sure about expressing his love to Nandini, grabs a couple of toddy bottles, goes out in
13200-436: The words erumi , kavuDi , poshil and tAyiyar have their origin in Kannada because Tamil cognates are not available. Settar adds the words nADu and iLayar to this list. Mahadevan feels that some grammatical categories found in these inscriptions are also unique to Kannada rather than Tamil. Both these scholars attribute these influences to the movements and spread of Jainas in these regions. These inscriptions belong to
13320-649: The work Karnataka Kavi Charite . Ancient indigenous Kannada literary compositions of (folk) poetry like the Chattana and Bedande which preferred to use the Desi metre are said to have survived at least until the date of the Kavirajamarga in 850 AD and had their roots in the early Kannada folk literature. These Kannada verse-compositions might have been representative of folk songs containing influence of Sanskrit and Prakrit metrical patterns to some extent. "Kavirajamarga" also discusses earlier composition forms peculiar to Kannada,
13440-520: Was John Bunyan 's Pilgrim's Progress , along with other texts including Canarese Proverbs , The History of Little Henry and his Bearer by Mary Martha Sherwood , Christian Gottlob Barth 's Bible Stories and "a Canarese hymn book." Modern Kannada in the 20th century has been influenced by many movements, notably Navodaya , Navya , Navyottara , Dalita and Bandaya . Contemporary Kannada literature has been highly successful in reaching people of all classes in society. Further, Kannada has produced
13560-522: Was Kannada as the case may be. He can be quoted as follows: If proof were needed to show that Kannada was the spoken language of the region during the early period, one needs only to study the large number of Kannada personal names and place names in the early Prakrit inscriptions on stone and copper in Upper South India [...] Kannada was spoken by relatively large and well-settled populations, living in well-organised states ruled by able dynasties like
13680-535: Was composed by Ferdinand Kittel . G. Venkatasubbaiah edited the first modern Kannada–Kannada dictionary, a 9,000-page, 8-volume series published by the Kannada Sahitya Parishat . He also wrote a Kannada–English dictionary and a kliṣtapadakōśa (ಕ್ಲಿಷ್ಟಪಾದಕೋಶ), a dictionary of difficult words. There is also a considerable difference between the spoken and written forms of the language. Spoken Kannada tends to vary from region to region. The written form
13800-414: Was directed at Gandhi, "Sanjana makes a confident debut. Veteran actor Anant Nag with his brilliant comic timing provides able support". S. Shiva Kumar of The Hindu wrote, "Anant Nag never ceases to amaze. Playing a deaf, trigger-happy ex-serviceman, his dialogue delivery and sense of timing are spot on. TV anchor turned actor Ganesh has a casual style, which audiences seem to be lapping up." Made with
13920-474: Was reported that by mid-May 2007, over 200,000 copies were sold in compact discs alone. Hindustan Times reported, "The film has just completed seven weeks, but audio sales have broken all earlier records. Composer Mano Murthy has once again created musical magic with songs like 'Anisuthidhe' and 'Onde Ondu Saari'." The success of the film's soundtrack, especially the track "Anisutide", further propelled Nigam's playback singing career in Kannada cinema. With
14040-440: Was still performing strongly at theatres, and his signing was confirmed on 16 June. Puneet and Bhat would later collaborate in 2011 for Paramathma . The next day, it was revealed that Chaya Singh was replaced by Bhavana Rao , who would make her debut with the film. It was also revealed that Anant Nag , H. G. Dattatreya , Rangayana Raghu , Sudha Belawadi , Padmaja Rao would be appearing in supporting roles, with R. Rathnavelu as
14160-536: Was the first Kannada film to touch ₹50 crore club in history of Kannada film industry . Mungaru Male was released to 10 countries including the United States, Australia, Singapore, New Zealand, UK, Hong Kong and Dubai. It was the highest-grossing Kannada film overseas. It had made ₹ 36 lakh (equivalent to ₹ 1.2 crore or US$ 140,000 in 2023) in the US alone. The satellite rights were acquired by television channel Star Suvarna for ₹ 36 million. The DVD of
14280-548: Was the first in Kannada to be shot in Super 35 format. The film was released on 18 January 2008 to critical acclaim, receiving praise for the screenplay, cinematography, and the performances of Nag, Neethu and Ganesh. Emerging as a commercial success, it completed a 175-day run. Upon receiving 11 nominations at the 56th Filmfare Awards South , it won three awards — Best Actor (Ganesh), Best Music Director (Harikrishna) and Best Lyricist ( Jayant Kaikini ). Three childhood friends — Ganesh, an MBA graduate; Diganth,
14400-417: Was used for administrative or liturgical purposes. The scholar K. V. Narayana claims that many tribal languages which are now designated as Kannada dialects could be nearer to the earlier form of the language, with lesser influence from other languages. The work of scholar Iravatham Mahadevan indicates that Kannada was already a language of rich spoken tradition by the 3rd century BC and that and based on
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