Ga is the third consonant of Indic abugidas . In modern Indic scripts , ga is derived from the early " Ashoka " Brahmi letter , which is probably derived from the Aramaic letter ( gimel , /g/) after having gone through the Gupta letter .
63-571: GGA may refer to: Global Governance Authority Founded in March 2022 Gga (Devanagari) (ॻ), used in Sindhi Apostolic Generation Church (Indonesian: Gereja Generasi Apostolik ), an Indonesian church Gao language Generalized gradient approximation Georges Giralt PhD Award , a European scientific award in robotics Girl Guides Australia Goemon's Great Adventure ,
126-530: A 1998 video game Golden Gate Academy , in San Francisco, California, United States Gongora , a genus of orchid Good girl art Gossip Girl: Acapulco , a Mexican television series Governor-General of Australia Hotel and Restaurant Workers' Union (Austria) , a former Austrian trade union GGA, a codon for the amino acid glycine Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
189-686: A collection of more than thirty inscriptions on the Pillars of Ashoka , as well as boulders and cave walls, attributed to Emperor Ashoka of the Maurya Empire who ruled most of the Indian subcontinent from 268 BCE to 232 BCE. Ashoka used the expression Dhaṃma Lipi ( Prakrit in the Brahmi script : 𑀥𑀁𑀫𑀮𑀺𑀧𑀺 , "Inscriptions of the Dharma ") to describe his own Edicts. These inscriptions were dispersed throughout
252-565: A commoner could read and understand. The inscriptions found in the area of Pakistan are in the Kharoshthi script. Other Edicts are written in Greek or Aramaic. The Kandahar Greek Edict of Ashoka (including portions of Edict No.13 and No.14) is in Greek only, and originally probably contained all the Major Rock Edicts 1-14. The Major Rock Edicts of Ashoka are inscribed on large rocks, except for
315-530: A few inscriptions in Greek and Aramaic (which were discovered only in the 20th century), the Edicts were mostly written in the Brahmi script and sometimes in the Kharoshthi script in the northwest, two Indian scripts which had both become extinct around the 5th century CE, and were yet undeciphered at the time the Edicts were discovered and investigated in the 19th century. The first successful attempts at deciphering
378-471: A few were written in Greek or Aramaic. The Kandahar Rock Inscription is bilingual Greek-Aramaic. The Kandahar Greek Edict of Ashoka is in Greek only, and originally probably contained all the Major Rock Edicts 1-14. The Greek language used in the inscription is of a very high level and displays philosophical refinement. It also displays an in-depth understanding of the political language of the Hellenic world in
441-488: A half years after becoming a secular Buddhist", i.e. two and a half years at least after returning from the Kalinga conquest of the eighth year of his reign, which is the starting point for his remorse towards the horrors of the war, and his gradual conversion to Buddhism). The texts of the inscriptions are rather short, the technical quality of the engraving of the inscriptions is generally very poor, and generally very inferior to
504-752: A lesser extent Major Rock Edict No.2), which can be dated to about the 14th year of the reign of Ashoka circa 256–255. The last Major Pillar Edicts (Edict No.7) is testamental in nature, making a summary of the accomplishments of Ashoka during his life. The Major Pillar Edicts of Ashoka were exclusively inscribed on the Pillars of Ashoka or fragments thereof, at Kausambi (now Allahabad Pillar ), Topra Kalan , Meerut , Lauriya-Araraj , Lauria Nandangarh , Rampurva ( Champaran ), and fragments of these in Aramaic ( Kandahar, Edict No.7 and Pul-i-Darunteh, Edict No.5 or No.7 in Afghanistan ) However several pillars, such as
567-479: A separate character in Unicode. When the ु or ू vowel sign is applied to jja (ॻ), the ु and ू vowel signs are drawn beneath jja. When the उ ( ु) vowel sign or ऊ ( ू) vowel sign is applied to ja with an anudātta (ग॒), the उ ( ु) vowel sign or ऊ ( ू) vowel sign is first placed under ja (ग) and then the anudātta is placed underneath the उ ( ु) vowel sign or ऊ ( ू) vowel sign. An example of a Sindhi word that uses gga (ॻ)
630-635: A shape that can be broken into constituent independent letters. Vertically stacked conjuncts are ubiquitous in older texts, while only a few are still used routinely in modern Devanagari texts. The use of ligatures and vertical conjuncts may vary across languages using the Devanagari script, with Marathi in particular preferring the use of half forms where texts in other languages would show ligatures and vertical stacks. True ligatures are quite rare in Indic scripts. The most common ligated conjuncts in Devanagari are in
693-432: Is as follows: Everywhere within the conquered province of King Piyadasi (Ashoka), the beloved of the gods, as well as in the parts occupied by the faithful, such as Chola , Pandiya , Satiyaputra , and Keralaputra , even as far as Tambapanni (Ceylon) and, moreover, within the dominions the Greek (of which Antiochus generals are the rulers ) everywhere the heaven-beloved Raja Piyadasi’s double system of medical aid
SECTION 10
#1732876795173756-463: Is derived from Siddhaṃ [REDACTED] , and is marked by the lack of horizontal head line, and less geometric shape than its Devanagari counterpart, ग. The inherent vowel of Bengali consonant letters is /ɔ/, so the bare letter গ will sometimes be transliterated as "go" instead of "ga". Adding okar, the "o" vowel mark, gives a reading of /go/. Like all Indic consonants, গ can be modified by marks to indicate another (or no) vowel than its inherent "a". গ
819-583: Is established- both medical aid for men, and medical aid for animals. (Major Rock Edict No.2), James Prinsep translation Dharma is good. And what is Dharma? It is having few faults and many good deeds, mercy, charity, truthfulness and purity. (Major Pillar Edict No.2) Thus the glory of Dhamma will increase throughout the world, and it will be endorsed in the form of mercy, charity, truthfulness, purity, gentleness, and virtue. (Major Pillar Edict No. 7) Ashoka's Dharma meant that he used his power to try to make life better for his people and he also tried to change
882-670: Is generally accepted as being derived from the Aramaic Gimel [REDACTED] , and is thus related to G and C , and Gamma , in addition to the Brahmi Ga. Ga ( ग ) is the third consonant of the Devanagari abugida . It ultimately arose from the Brahmi letter [REDACTED] , after having gone through the Gupta letter [REDACTED] . Letters that derive from it are the Gujarati letter ગ and
945-489: Is historically particularly important in that it confirmed the association of the title " Devanampriya " with the name "Asoka", thereby clarifying the historical author of all these inscriptions. In the Gujarra version of Minor Rock Edict No.1 also, the name of Ashoka is used together with his full title: Devanampiya Piyadasi Asoka raja . There is also a unique Minor Rock Edict No.3, discovered next to Bairat Temple , for
1008-402: Is no one to plead for them, they may make donations or undertake a fast for a better rebirth in the next life. For it is my wish that they should gain the next world. (Major Pillar Edict No. 4) In the period [from my consecration] to [the anniversary on which] I had been consecrated twenty-six years, twenty-five releases of prisoners have been made. (Major Pillar Edict No. 5) The Mauryan Empire
1071-507: Is promoted more considerably. Now moral restrictions indeed are these, that I have ordered this, that certain animals are inviolable. But there are also many other moral restrictions which have been imposed by me. By conversion, however, the progress of morality among men has been promoted more considerably, because it leads to abstention from hurting living beings and to abstention from killing animals.(Major Pillar Edict No.7) In times past, for many hundreds of years, there had ever been promoted
1134-581: Is the Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription , in Greek and in Aramaic, written in the 10th year of his reign (260 BCE) at the border of his empire with the Hellenistic world , in the city of Old Kandahar in modern Afghanistan . Ashoka then made the first edicts in the Indian language, written in the Brahmi script, from the 11th year of his reign (according to his own inscription, "two and
1197-546: Is used as a basic consonant character in all of the major Bengali script orthographies, including Bengali and Assamese . Bengali গ exhibits conjunct ligatures, as is common in Indic scripts, with a tendency towards stacked ligatures. [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Edicts of Ashoka The Edicts of Ashoka are
1260-546: Is ॻुड़ु (ڳُڙُ), which is of the masculine grammatical gender and means jaggery . Ġa ( ग़ ) is the character ग with a single dot underneath, corresponding with the Urdu ( غ ). It is used in Hindi words of Persian and Arabic origin to denote the voiced velar fricative [ ɣ ] . In all languages, ग is pronounced as [gə] or [ g ] when appropriate. Like all Indic scripts, Devanagari uses vowel marks attached to
1323-543: The Buddhist philosophy . The inscriptions show his efforts to develop the Buddhist dhamma throughout his empire. Although Buddhism as well as Gautama Buddha are mentioned, the edicts focus on social and moral precepts rather than specific religious practices or the philosophical dimension of Buddhism. These were located in public places and were meant for people to read. In these inscriptions, Ashoka refers to himself as "Beloved of
SECTION 20
#17328767951731386-765: The Cholas , the Pandyas , the Satiyaputra , the Kéralaputra , Tamraparni , where the Yona (Greek) king named Antiyoka rule, and the other kings who are the neighbours of this Antiyoka, everywhere two kinds of medical treatment were established by King Devanampriya Priyadarsin, (viz.) medical treatment for men and medical treatment for cattle. (Major Rock Edict No.2), E. Hultzsch translation The initial translation of this Edict by James Prinsep differs from that of E. Hultzsch . His translation
1449-636: The Greek numerals , even after the invention of Indian numerals . The values of the different forms of ग are: There are three different general early historic scripts - Brahmi and its variants, Kharoshthi, and Tocharian, the so-called slanting Brahmi . Ga as found in standard Brahmi , [REDACTED] was a simple geometric shape, with slight variations toward the Gupta [REDACTED] . The Tocharian Ga [REDACTED] did not have an alternate Fremdzeichen form. The third form of ga, in Kharoshthi ( [REDACTED] )
1512-497: The Modi letter 𑘐. Gga ( ॻ ) is the character ग with an underbar to represent the voiced velar implosive [ ɠ ] that occurs in Sindhi . This underbar is distinct from the Devanagari stress sign anudātta . The underbar is fused to the stem of the letter while the anudātta is a stress accent applied to the entire syllable. This underbar used for Sindhi implosives does not exist as
1575-693: The Nigali Sagar inscription), the Sangha , Buddhism and Buddhist scriptures (as in the Bairat Temple Edict). On the contrary, the Major Rock Edicts and Major Pillar Edicts are essentially moral and political in nature: they never mention the Buddha or explicit Buddhist teachings, but are preoccupied with order, proper behavior and non violence under the general concept of " Dharma ", and they also focus on
1638-585: The 3rd century BCE. This suggests a highly cultured Greek presence in Kandahar at that time. By contrast, in the rock edicts engraved in southern India in the newly conquered territories of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh , Ashoka only used the Prakrit of the North as the language of communication, with the Brahmi script, and not the local Dravidian idiom, which can be interpreted as a kind of authoritarianism in respect to
1701-633: The Buddhist clergy, which gives a list of Buddhist scriptures (most of them unknown today) which the clergy should study regularly. A few other inscriptions of Ashoka in Aramaic , which are not strictly edicts, but tend to share a similar content, are sometimes also categorized as "Minor Rock Edicts". The dedicatory inscriptions of the Barabar caves are also sometimes classified among the Minor Rock Edicts of Ashoka. The Minor Rock Edicts can be found throughout
1764-667: The Gods" ( Devanampiya ). The identification of Devanampiya with Ashoka was confirmed by an inscription discovered in 1915 by C. Beadon, a British gold-mining engineer, at Maski , a town in Madras Presidency (present day Raichur district , Karnataka ). Another minor rock edict, found at the village Gujarra in Gwalior State (present day Datia district of Madhya Pradesh ), also used the name of Ashoka together with his titles: Devanampiya Piyadasi Asokaraja . The inscriptions found in
1827-502: The Kandahar version in Greek ( Kandahar Greek Edict of Ashoka ), written on a stone plaque belonging to a building. The Major Edicts are not located in the heartland of Mauryan territory, traditionally centered on Bihar , but on the frontiers of the territory controlled by Ashoka. The Major Pillar Edicts of Ashoka refer to seven separate major Edicts inscribed on columns, the Pillars of Ashoka , which are significantly detailed and extensive. These edicts are preceded chronologically by
1890-566: The Major Rock Edicts. The inscription technique is generally very poor compared for example to the later Major Pillar Edicts , however the Minor Pillar Edicts are often associated with some of the artistically most sophisticated pillar capitals of Ashoka, such as the renowned Lion Capital of Ashoka which crowned the Sarnath Minor Pillar Edict, or the very similar, but less well preserved Sanchi lion capital which crowned
1953-714: The Minor Rock Edicts and the Major Rock Edicts, and constitute the most technically elegant of the inscriptions made by Ashoka. They were made at the end of his reign, from the years 26 and 27 of his reign, that is, from 237 to 236 BCE. Chronologically they follow the fall of Seleucid power in Central Asia and the related rise of the Parthian Empire and the independent Greco-Bactrian Kingdom circa 250 BCE. Hellenistic rulers are not mentioned anymore in these last edicts, as they only appear in Major Rock Edict No.13 (and to
GGA - Misplaced Pages Continue
2016-742: The Queen's Edict, and the Rummindei Edict as well as the Nigali Sagar Edict which record Ashoka's visits and Buddhist dedications in the area corresponding to today's Nepal . The Rummindei and Nigali Sagar edicts, inscribed on pillars erected by Ashoka later in his reign (19th and 20th year) display a high level of inscriptional technique with a good regularity in the lettering. The Major Rock Edicts of Ashoka refer to 14 separate major Edicts, which are significantly detailed and extensive. These Edicts were concerned with practical instructions in running
2079-474: The administration of the state and positive relations with foreign countries as far as the Hellenistic Mediterranean of the mid-3rd century BCE. The Minor Rock Edicts of Ashoka (r.269-233 BCE) are rock inscriptions which form the earliest part of the Edicts of Ashoka. They predate Ashoka's Major Rock Edicts . Chronologically, the first known edict, sometimes classified as a Minor Rock Edict,
2142-517: The ancient Brahmi script were made in 1836 by Norwegian scholar Christian Lassen , who used the bilingual Greek-Brahmi coins of Indo-Greek king Agathocles to correctly and securely identify several Brahmi letters. The task was then completed by James Prinsep , an archaeologist, philologist, and official of the East India Company , who was able to identify the rest of the Brahmi characters, with
2205-546: The areas of modern-day India , Bangladesh , Nepal , Afghanistan and Pakistan , and provide the first tangible evidence of Buddhism . The edicts describe in detail Ashoka's policy on dhamma , an earnest attempt to solve some of the problems that a complex society faced. According to the edicts, the extent of Buddhist proselytism during this period reached as far as the Mediterranean , and many Buddhist monuments were created. These inscriptions proclaim Ashoka's adherence to
2268-472: The artistic level under Ashoka tended to fall towards the end of his reign. Three languages were used: Ashokan Prakrit , Greek (the language of the neighbouring Greco-Bactrian Kingdom and the Greek communities in Ashoka's realm) and Aramaic (an official language of the former Achaemenid Empire ). The Prakrit displayed local variations, from early Gandhari language in the northwest, to Old Ardhamagadhi in
2331-416: The base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel: Devanagari exhibits conjunct ligatures, as is common in Indic scripts. In modern Devanagari texts, most conjuncts are formed by reducing the letter shape to fit tightly to the following letter, usually by dropping a character's vertical stem, sometimes referred to as a "half form". Some conjunct clusters are always represented by a true ligature, instead of
2394-611: The bull pillar of Rampurva , or the pillar of Vaishali do not have inscriptions, which, together with their lack of proper foundation stones and their particular style, led some authors to suggest that they were in fact pre-Ashokan. The Major Pillar Edicts (excluding the two fragments of translations found in modern Afghanistan ) are all located in Central India . The Pillars of Ashoka are stylistically very close to an important Buddhist monument, also built by Ashoka in Bodh Gaya , at
2457-686: The central and eastern part of India were written in Magadhi Prakrit using the Brahmi script , while Prakrit using the Kharoshthi script, Greek and Aramaic were used in the northwest. These edicts were deciphered by British archaeologist and historian James Prinsep . The inscriptions revolve around a few recurring themes: Ashoka's conversion to Buddhism, the description of his efforts to spread Buddhism, his moral and religious precepts, and his social and animal welfare program. The edicts were based on Ashoka's ideas on administration and behavior of people towards one another and religion. Besides
2520-578: The doing of good deeds, respect for others, generosity and purity. The expressions used by Ashoka to express the Dharma, were the Prakrit word Dhaṃma , the Greek word Eusebeia (in the Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription and the Kandahar Greek Edict of Ashoka ), and the Aramaic word Qsyt ("Truth") (in the Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription ). Everywhere in the dominions of Dévanampriya Priyadarsina, and of those who are his borderers, such as
2583-513: The earliest and most geometric style of Brahmi, the letters found on the Edicts of Ashoka and other records from around that time are normally the reference form for Brahmi letters, with vowel marks not attested until later forms of Brahmi back-formed to match the geometric writing style. The Tocharian letter [REDACTED] is derived from the Brahmi [REDACTED] , but does not have an alternate Fremdzeichen form. The Kharoshthi letter [REDACTED]
GGA - Misplaced Pages Continue
2646-607: The east, where it was the "chancery language" of the court. The language level of the Prakrit inscriptions tends to be rather informal or colloquial. Four scripts were used. Prakrit inscriptions were written in the Brahmi and Kharosthi scripts, the latter for the area of modern Pakistan. The Greek and Aramaic inscriptions used their respective scripts, in the northwestern areas of Ashoka's territory, in modern Pakistan and Afghanistan . While most Edicts were in Ashokan Prakrit ,
2709-460: The empire such as the design of irrigation systems and descriptions of Ashoka's beliefs in peaceful moral behavior. They contain little personal detail about his life. These edicts are preceded chronologically by the Minor Rock Edicts. Three languages were used, Prakrit , Greek and Aramaic . The edicts are composed in non-standardized and archaic forms of Prakrit . Prakrit inscriptions were written in Brahmi and Kharosthi scripts, which even
2772-1186: The following animals were declared by me inviolable, viz. parrots, mainas, the aruna, ruddy geese, wild geese, the nandimukha, the gelata, bats, queen-ants, terrapins, boneless fish, the vedaveyaka, the Ganga-puputaka, skate-fish, tortoises and porcupines, squirrels (?), the srimara, bulls set at liberty, iguanas (?), the rhinoceros, white doves, domestic doves, (and) all the quadrupeds which are neither useful nor edible. Those [she-goats], ewes, and sows (which are) either with young or in milk, are inviolable, and also those (of their) young ones (which are) less than six months old. Cocks must not be caponed. Husks containing living animals must not be burnt. Forests must not be burnt either uselessly or in order to destroy (living beings). Living animals must not be fed with (other) living animals. (Major Pillar Edict No.5) King Dévanampriya Priyadarsin speaks thus. Now this progress of morality among men has been promoted by me only in two ways, (viz.) by moral restrictions and by conversion. But among these two, those moral restrictions are of little consequence ; by conversion, however, morality
2835-533: The form of a slight mutation to fit in context or as a consistent variant form appended to the adjacent characters. Those variants include Na and the Repha and Rakar forms of Ra. Nepali and Marathi texts use the "eyelash" Ra half form [REDACTED] for an initial "R" instead of repha. [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Vertically stacked ligatures are
2898-402: The help of Major Cunningham . In a series of results that he published in March 1838 Prinsep was able to translate the inscriptions on a large number of rock edicts found around India, and to provide, according to Richard Salomon , a "virtually perfect" rendering of the full Brahmi alphabet. The edicts in Brahmi script mentioned a King Devanampriya Piyadasi which Prinsep initially assumed
2961-447: The incredibly brief space of three years (1834-37) the mystery of both the Kharoshthi and Brahmi scripts (were unlocked), the effect of which was instantly to remove the thick crust of oblivion which for many centuries had concealed the character and the language of the earliest epigraphs". The Edicts are divided into four categories, according to their size (Minor or Major) and according to their medium (Rock or Pillar). Chronologically,
3024-492: The killing of animals and the hurting of living beings, discourtesy to relatives, and discourtesy to Sramanas and Brahmanas . But now, in consequence of the practice of morality on the part of King Dévanampriya Priyadarsin, the sound of drums has become the sound of morality, showing the people representations of aerial chariots , elephants, masses of light, and other divine figures. Such as they had not existed before for many hundreds of years, thus there are now promoted, through
3087-481: The kitchen of King Devanampriya Priyadarsin many hundred thousands of animals were killed daily for the sake of curry. But now, when this rescript on morality is caused to be written, then only three animals are being killed (daily), (viz.) two peacocks (and) one deer, but even this deer not regularly. But even these three animals shall not be killed (in future). (Major Rock Edict No.1) King Devanampriya Priyadansin speaks thus. (When I had been) anointed twenty-six years,
3150-656: The location where the Buddha had reached enlightenment some 200 years earlier: the Diamond Throne . The sculpted decorations on the Diamond Throne clearly echo the decorations found on the Pillars of Ashoka. The Pillars dated to the end of Ashoka's reign are associated with pillar capitals that tend to be more solemn and less elegant than the earlier capitals, such as those of Sanchi or Sarnath. This led some authors to suggest that
3213-510: The minor inscriptions tend to precede the larger ones, while rock inscriptions generally seem to have been started earlier than the pillar inscriptions: The Minor Rock Edicts (in which Ashoka is sometimes named in person, as in Maski and Gujarra ) as well as the Minor Pillar Edicts are very religious in their content: they mention extensively the Buddha (and even previous Buddhas as in
SECTION 50
#17328767951733276-530: The most common conjunct forms found in Devanagari text. Although the constituent characters may need to be stretched and moved slightly in order to stack neatly, stacked conjuncts can be broken down into recognizable base letters, or a letter and an otherwise standard ligature. [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] The Bengali script গ
3339-513: The most sophisticated capitals were actually the earliest in the sequence of Ashokan pillars and that style degraded over a short period of time. These edicts were probably made at the beginning of the reign of Ashoka (reigned 268-232 BCE), from the year 12 of his reign, that is, from 256 BCE. The Minor Pillar Edicts are the Schism Edict, warning of punishment for dissent in the Samgha ,
3402-457: The pillar edicts dated to the years 26 and 27 of Ashoka's reign. There are several slight variations in the content of these edicts, depending on location, but a common designation is usually used, with Minor Rock Edict N°1 (MRE1) and a Minor Rock Edict N°2 (MRE2, which does not appear alone but always in combination with Edict N°1), the different versions being generally aggregated in most translations. The Maski version of Minor Rock Edict No.1
3465-482: The southern territories. Ashoka's edicts were the first written inscriptions in India after the ancient city of Harrapa fell to ruin. Due to the influence of Ashoka's Prakrit inscriptions, Prakrit would remain the main inscriptional language for the following centuries, until the rise of inscriptional Sanskrit from the 1st century CE. The Dharma preached by Ashoka is explained mainly in term of moral precepts, based on
3528-482: The territory of Ashoka, including in the frontier area near the Hindu Kush , and are especially numerous in the southern, newly conquered, frontier areas of Karnataka and southern Andhra Pradesh . The Minor Pillar Edicts of Ashoka refer to five separate minor Edicts inscribed on columns, the Pillars of Ashoka . These edicts are preceded chronologically by the Minor Rock Edicts and may have been made in parallel with
3591-556: The title GGA . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GGA&oldid=1137901899 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Articles containing Indonesian-language text Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Gga (Devanagari) Aryabhata used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to
3654-547: The very clumsily inscribed Schism Edict of Sanchi. According to Irwin, the Brahmi inscriptions on the Sarnath and Sanchi pillars were made by inexperienced Indian engravers at a time when stone engraving was still new in India, whereas the very refined Sarnath capital itself was made under the tutelage of craftsmen from the former Achaemenid Empire , trained in Perso-Hellenistic statuary and employed by Ashoka. This suggests that
3717-522: The way people thought and lived. He also thought that dharma meant doing the right thing. Ashoka showed great concern for fairness in the exercise of justice , caution and tolerance in the application of sentences, and regularly pardoned prisoners. But it is desirable that there should be uniformity in judicial procedure and punishment. This is my instruction from now on. Men who are imprisoned or sentenced to death are to be given three days respite. Thus their relations may plead for their lives, or, if there
3780-480: Was a Sri Lankan king. He was then able to associate this title with Ashoka on the basis of Pali script from Sri Lanka communicated to him by George Turnour . The Kharoshthi script , written from right to left, and associated with Aramaic , was also deciphered by James Prinsep in parallel with Christian Lassen , using the bilingual Greek-Kharoshthi coinage of the Indo-Greek and Indo-Scythian kings. "Within
3843-525: Was perhaps the first ruler in history to advocate conservation measures for wildlife. Reference to these can be seen inscribed on the stone edicts. This rescript on morality has been caused to be written by Devanampriya Priyadarsin. Here no living being must be killed and sacrificed. And also no festival meeting must be held. For King Devanampriya Priyadarsin sees much evil in festival meetings. And there are also some festival meetings which are considered meritorious by King Devanampriya Priyadarsin. Formerly in
SECTION 60
#17328767951733906-489: Was probably derived from Aramaic separately from the Brahmi letter. The Brahmi letter [REDACTED] , Ga, is probably derived from the Aramaic Gimel [REDACTED] , and is thus related to the modern Latin G and C , and the Greek Gamma . Several identifiable styles of writing the Brahmi Ga can be found, most associated with a specific set of inscriptions from an artifact or diverse records from an historic period. As
3969-415: Was the first Indian empire to unify most of the country and it had a clear-cut policy of exploiting as well as protecting natural resources with specific officials tasked with protection duty. When Ashoka embraced Buddhism in the latter part of his reign, he brought about significant changes in his style of governance, which included providing protection to fauna, and even relinquished the imperial hunt. He
#172827