Gündüz Alp was the likely father of Ertuğrul (13th century) and grandfather of Osman I , the founder of the Ottoman Dynasty . According to some sources, the name of one of the sons of Ertuğrul was also Gündüz Alp, and thus the brother of Osman I. Ottoman histories, written around the 15th century, differ in details about Osman I's ancestry.
24-793: The grandfather of Osman I is mentioned in various sources as Süleyman Şâh , Gündüz Alp and Gök Alp. According to 15th century Ottoman writers Enveri and Karamani Mehmet Pasha , Gündüz Alp was the father of Ertuğrul. Yazıcızâde Âli 's Tevârih-i Al-i Selçuk (15th century) indicated Gök Alp, the brother of Gündüz Alp as the father of Ertuğrul. Some other writers in their published works like 15th century historians; Şükrullah 's Behcetü't Tevârîh [ tr ] , Hasan bin Mahmûd el-Bayâtî's Câm-ı Cem-Âyîn, Âşıkpaşazâde's History of Âşıkpaşazâde, Neşri 's Kitâb-ı Cihannümâ [ tr ] and early 16th century Oruç Bey 's Tevârîh-i Âl-i Osman [ tr ] had asserted that Süleyman Şah
48-609: A congress in Paris in 1950, where he met Fernand Braudel , whose work greatly influenced him. He returned to Turkey in 1951 and became a professor in the same department in 1952. He lectured as a visiting professor in Columbia University in 1953–54 and worked and studied as a research fellow at Harvard University in 1956–57. Upon his return to Turkey, he lectured on Ottoman, European and American history as well as administrative organization and Atatürk's reforms. In 1967, he lectured as
72-622: A five-year contract. He refused these, wishing to stay in Turkey. However, in the meantime, the political turmoil in Turkey worsened and students became increasingly involved in conflict, hindering education. In 1972, he accepted an invitation to join the faculty of the University of Chicago , where he taught Ottoman history until 1986. Between 1990 and 1992, he lectured as a visiting professor at Harvard and Princeton. In 1992, he returned to Turkey after an invitation by Bilkent University , where he founded
96-673: A member of the Institute of Turkish Studies . İnalcık died on 25 July 2016 and is buried in the Fatih Mosque in Istanbul. İnalcık's work was centered upon a social and economic analysis of the Ottoman Empire. He aimed at both countering what he saw as the hostile, biased narrative presented by western sources at the onset of his work and what he saw as an exaggerated, romanticized and nationalistic historiography in Turkey itself. He exemplified
120-609: A visiting professor in Princeton University and the University of Pennsylvania . He joined the International Association of Southeastern European Studies ( French : Association Internationale des Etudes du Sud-Est Européen ) in 1966 and held the presidency of this institution between 1971 and 1974. In 1971, Harvard University offered him a permanent teaching position and the University of Pennsylvania offered him
144-589: Is a character in the Turkish TV series Diriliş: Ertuğrul and Kuruluş: Osman . Suleyman Shah Suleyman Shah ( Ottoman Turkish : سلیمان شاه ; Modern Turkish : Süleyman Şah ) was, according to Ottoman tradition, the son of Kaya Alp and the father of Ertuğrul , who was the father of Osman I , the founder of the Ottoman Empire . Early Ottoman genealogies disputed this lineage, and either Suleyman Shah or Gündüz Alp could be Osman's grandfather and
168-464: The Kayı tribe was fabricated in the 15th century. According to Immanuel Wallerstein , İnalcık shaped the discipline of historical research with his unique methodology and led to many students in his school of thought approaching issues from a number of socioeconomic and cultural perspectives. He was influenced by the works of Fuad Köprülü, Fernand Braudel and Ömer Lütfi Barkan . His most important work
192-580: The Modern Age Department of the university. He completed his PhD in 1942 in the same department. His PhD thesis was on the Bulgarian question in the late Ottoman Empire, specifically during tanzimat , and constituted one of the first socioeconomic approaches in Turkish historiography. In December 1943, he became assistant professor and his research interest became focused on the social and economic aspects of
216-694: The Ottoman Empire. He worked on the Ottoman judicial records of Bursa and in the Ottoman archives in Istanbul. He became a member of the Turkish Historical Society in 1947. In 1949, he was sent by the university to London , where he worked on Ottoman and Turkic inscriptions in the British Museum and attended seminars by Paul Wittek at the School of Oriental and African Studies . Here, he met other influential historians such as Bernard Lewis . He attended
240-415: The Ottoman society. When he first started his research in the 1940s, such documents were believed to be useless due in part to the recent change of alphabet and were being stored in unfavorable conditions or altogether destroyed. İnalcık corrected a number of incorrect convictions about Ottoman and Turkish history. One such instance was his discovery that the proposition that the Ottoman dynasty belonged to
264-470: The biased western narrative he tried to dispel as Franz Babinger 's depiction of Mehmed the Conqueror as a bloodthirsty, sadistic personality. He criticized generalizing approaches to Ottoman history as such approaches, he argued, lacked social or economic insight due to a lack of research. He was the first historian to study Ottoman judicial records in depth to deduce elements of the socioeconomic factors in
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#1732869613356288-625: The family tree above is the Amir of İznik or Antakya "Suleiman ibn Qutulmish." Family tree according to Karamani Mehmet Pasha : Family tree in Şükrullah 's Kitâb-ı Cihannümâ [ tr ] : Family tree in Hasan bin Mahmûd el-Bayâtî 's Câm-ı Cem-Âyîn : Family tree in Âşıkpaşazâde 's History of Âşıkpaşazâde : Âşıkpaşazâde , in chapter fourteenth of The History of Âşıkpaşazâde , argues that Osman I put forward that he had descended from Gökalp and " Suleiman ibn Qutulmish "
312-1203: The father of Ertuğrul . An Ottoman tomb initially in or near Qal'at Ja'bar has historically been associated with Suleyman Shah. He succeeded his father as bey in 1214 when he decided to lead the 50,000 strong tribe West in the face of Mongol invasion. After migrating to the North Caucasus, thousands of Kayis settled in Erzincan and Ahlat in 1214, while some of the other Kayi groups dispersed in Diyarbakir , Mardin , and Urfa . Various sources linked Süleymanşâh to Osman Gazi and his father Ertuğrul : Family tree in Şükrullah 's Behcetü't Tevârîh Family tree according to Oruç Bey 's Oruç Bey Tarihi Family tree in Hasan bin Mahmûd el-Bayâtî 's Câm-ı Cem-Âyîn Family tree in Âşıkpaşazâde 's History of Âşıkpaşazâde Family tree in Neşrî 's Kitâb-ı Cihannümâ In chapter fourteenth of The History of Âşıkpaşazâde of Âşıkpaşazâde , Osman I asserted that he had descended from Gökalp and Suleiman ibn Qutulmish
336-688: The founder of Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate instead of " Süleyman Şah ibn Kaya Alp ". According to Erhan Afyoncu , the identity of Süleyman Şah in the Tomb of Suleyman Shah is unidentified. He also defends that the father of Ertuğrul according to the recent investigations is Gündüz Alp. Family tree in Neşrî 's Kitâb-ı Cihannümâ : Three coins minted by Osman I in Yenişehir - Bursa during his reign which reads "Osman bin Ertuğrul bin Gündüz Alp" showed that
360-561: The founder of Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate instead of "Süleymanşâh ibn Kaya Alp ". Erhan Afyoncu claims that the identity of Süleyman Şah in the Tomb of Suleyman Shah is unidentified. He also defends that the father of Ertuğrul according to the recent investigations is Gündüz Alp . In early 2015, during the Syrian Civil War , on the night of 21–22 February 2015, a Turkish military convoy including tanks and other armored vehicles numbering about 100 entered Syria to evacuate
384-517: The history department, teaching at the postgraduate level, and taught until his death. In 1993, he donated his collection of books, journals and off-prints on the history of Ottoman Empire to the library of Bilkent University. He had been a member and president of many international organizations, he was a member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Department of Historical Sciences, also
408-442: The name of the father of Ertuğrul was Gündüz. Many contemporary history professors like İlber Ortaylı , Halil İnalcık , Erhan Afyoncu , Yılmaz Öztuna and Osman Turan [ tr ] demonstrated that those history books written more than six hundred years ago had erred in determining the father of Ertuğrul for some reasons, and had given Ertuğrul's father name incorrectly as Suleyman Shah instead of Gündüz Alp because of
432-440: The relocation is temporary, and that it does not constitute any change to the status of the tomb site. Serdar Gökhan appeared as Suleyman Shah in the Turkish TV series Diriliş: Ertuğrul , where he starred as a main character in the first season, and its sequel, Kuruluş: Osman , where he made a cameo appearance in the thirteenth episode. Halil %C4%B0nalc%C4%B1k Halil İnalcık (7 September 1916 – 25 July 2016)
456-405: The similarity of the name of Kutalmışoğlu Suleyman Shah the founder of Seljuks of Rum , and Osman I's presumed ancestor Suleyman Shah. According to Hasan bin Mahmûd el-Bayâtî' s Câm-ı Cem-Âyîn , Âşıkpaşazâde 's History of Âşıkpaşazâde [ tr ] and Neşrî 's Kitâb-ı Cihannümâ [ tr ] , the name of one of the sons of Ertuğrul and one of the brothers of Osman I
480-536: The tomb's 40 guards and to relocate the tomb of Suleyman Shah . The tomb is now temporarily located in Turkey-controlled territory 200 meters inside Syria, 22 km (14 mi) west of Ayn al-Arab and 5 km (3.1 mi) east of the Euphrates , less than 2 km (1.2 mi) southeast of the Turkish village of Esmesi that is in southernmost Birecik District. The Turkish government has highlighted that
504-411: Was a Turkish historian. His highly influential research centered on social and economic approaches to the Ottoman Empire . His academic career started at Ankara University , where he completed his PhD and worked between 1940 and 1972. Between 1972 and 1986 he taught Ottoman history at the University of Chicago . From 1994 on he taught at Bilkent University , where he founded the history department. He
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#1732869613356528-567: Was a founding member of the Eurasian Academy. He was born in Istanbul on 7 September 1916 to a Crimean Tatar family that left Crimea for the city in 1905. He attended Balıkesir Teacher Training School, and then Ankara University , Faculty of Language, History and Geography, Department of History, from which he graduated in 1940. His work on Timur drew the attention of Mehmet Fuat Köprülü , who facilitated his entry as an assistant to
552-467: Was also Gündüz, who had a son named Aydoğdu Bey and a daughter named Efendize, who married her cousin Orhan . Some other sources also indicate that he had another son, Aktimur Bey who was a soldier and government official in the establishment of the Ottoman Empire. This Gündüz had another brother named Saru-Yatı (Savcı Beg) . Osman I may also have had a nephew named Gündüz. Gündüz Bey , son of Ertuğrul Bey ,
576-546: Was the father of Ertuğrul. Historian Halil İnalcık argued that the latter have confused Süleyman Şah with the grandfather of Gündüz Alp, namely Mir Süleymân Alp. Three coins which read "Osman bin Ertuğrul bin Gündüz Alp" supports the view that Gündüz was Ertuğrul's father. Family tree in Yazıcızâde Âli 's Tevârih-i Al-i Selçuk : Family tree in Enverî 's Düstûrnâme-i Enverî : Erhan Afyoncu claims that "Mir Süleymân Alp" in
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