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44-568: Göhl lies around three kilometers east of Oldenburg in Holstein on the Wagrian peninsular . The municipality is part of the collective municipality of Oldenburg-Land and the district of Ostholstein . The southern border of Göhl runs along the Oldenburger Graben through the marshy lands of the former Gruber sea . Göhl borders the municipalities of Heringsdorf to the northeast, Gremersdorf to

88-439: A 9% decrease in identification as "religious" when compared to the 2005 average from 39 countries. Some researchers have advised caution with these figures since other surveys have consistently reached lower figures for the number of atheists worldwide. In 2013, Ariela Keysar and Juhem Navarro-Rivera estimated there were about 450 to 500 million nonbelievers, including both "positive" and "negative" atheists, or approximately 7% of

132-477: A barrulet Argent, all three countersunk in centre." The flag of Göhl is a heraldic flag , and shares the same design as the coat of arms. The local sports association, SV Göhl, was founded in 1970 and has around 500 members. The German Red Cross in Göhl acts as not only a medical service focusing on senior care, but also a cultural association; organizing, among other things, flea markets, game nights, and trips. In

176-789: A church or other place of worship. Out of the global nonreligious population, 76% reside in Asia and the Pacific, while the remainder reside in Europe (12%), North America (5%), Latin America and the Caribbean (4%), sub-Saharan Africa (2%) and the Middle East and North Africa (less than 1%). The term " nones " is sometimes used to refer to those who are unaffiliated with any organized religion. This use derives from surveys of religious affiliation, in which "None" (or "None of

220-549: A greater rate than those from Muslim, Hindu, or Buddhist faiths. Inglehart and Norris speculate that the decline in religiosity comes from a decline in the social need for traditional gender and sexual norms, ("virtually all world religions instilled" pro-fertility norms such as "producing as many children as possible and discouraged divorce, abortion, homosexuality, contraception, and any sexual behavior not linked to reproduction" in their adherents for centuries) as life expectancy rose and infant mortality dropped. They also argue that

264-481: A high degree of cultural sensitivity, especially in regions outside of the Western world in which the concepts of "religion" or " the secular " may be foreign concepts to local culture . Those who do not affiliate with a religion are diverse. Pew Research Center noted that, in 2010, many individuals who scored high on measures of irreligiosity reported engaging in explicitly religious activities. The term irreligion

308-425: A religious person, 9% others responded "convinced atheists", and 5% others "do not know/no response". In 2010, the religiously unaffiliated was estimated to be 1.1 billion, about 16% of the world population , according to Pew Research Center . The population of the religiously unaffiliated, who are sometimes referred to as "nones", has grown significantly in recent years. Measurement of irreligiosity requires

352-444: A society that determines religiosity. They claim that increased poverty and chaos make religious values more important to a society, while wealth and security diminish its role. As need for religious support diminishes, there is less willingness to "accept its constraints, including keeping women in the kitchen and gay people in the closet". Rates of people identifying as non-religious began rising in most societies at least as early as

396-411: A study of religious trends in 49 countries from 1981 to 2019, Inglehart and Norris found an overall increase in religiosity from 1981 to 2007. Respondents in 33 of 49 countries rated themselves higher on a scale from one to ten when asked how important God was in their lives. This increase occurred in most former communist and developing countries, but also in some high-income countries. A sharp reversal of

440-700: Is twinned with: [REDACTED] Media related to Oldenburg in Holstein at Wikimedia Commons Irreligion Irreligion is the absence or rejection of religious beliefs or practices. It encompasses a wide range of viewpoints drawn from various philosophical and intellectual perspectives, including atheism , agnosticism , skepticism , rationalism , secularism , and spiritual but not religious . These perspectives can vary, with individuals who identify as irreligious holding diverse beliefs about religion and its role in their lives. A 2017 WIN/Gallup International survey done in 68 countries reported that less than 25% of respondents expressed they were not

484-558: Is Article 36 of the Constitution of China (as adopted in 1982), which states that "No state organ, public organization or individual may compel citizens to believe in, or not believe in, any religion; nor may they discriminate against citizens who believe in, or do not believe in, any religion." Article 46 of China's 1978 Constitution was even more explicit, stating that "Citizens enjoy freedom to believe in religion and freedom not to believe in religion and to propagate atheism." In 2020,

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528-573: Is Thomas Bauer (BGG), who had been the deputy mayor from 1998 to 2006, he has since continuously been reelected as the mayor of Göhl. The most recent election in Göhl were the 2023 Schleswig-Holstein municipal elections , where the BGG was reelected as the strongest faction despite losing one seat. The SPD last participated in the 2013 election . The coat of arms and flag of Göhl were created by Henning Höppner , who had created multiple insignia in Wagria . It

572-507: Is a combination of the noun religion and the ir- form of the prefix in- , signifying "not" (similar to irrelevant ). It was first attested in French as irréligion in 1527, then in English as irreligion in 1598. It was borrowed into Dutch as irreligie in the 17th century, though it is not certain from which language. Irreligion is defined as a rejection of religion , but whether it

616-758: Is distinct from lack of religion is disputed. The Encyclopedia of Religion and Society defines it as the "rejection of religion in general or any of its more specific organized forms, as distinct from absence of religion"; while the Oxford English Dictionary defines it as want of religion; hostility to or disregard of religious principles; irreligious conduct; and the Merriam Webster Dictionary defines it as "the quality or state of being irreligious", and defines "irreligious" as "neglectful of religion: lacking religious emotions, doctrines, or practices". In 1993,

660-492: Is mainly motivated by cultural and nationalist considerations, without much concrete belief. A Pew 2015 global projection study for religion and nonreligion, projects that between 2010 and 2050, there will be some initial increases of the unaffiliated followed by a decline by 2050 due to lower global fertility rates among this demographic. Sociologist Phil Zuckerman 's global studies on atheism have indicated that global atheism may be in decline due to irreligious countries having

704-628: Is not necessarily equivalent to being an atheist or agnostic. Pew Research Center's global study from 2012 noted that many of the nonreligious have some religious beliefs. For example, they observed that "belief in God or a higher power is shared by 7% of Chinese unaffiliated adults, 30% of French unaffiliated adults and 68% of unaffiliated U.S. adults." Being unaffiliated with a religion on polls does not automatically mean objectively nonreligious since there are, for example, unaffiliated people who fall under religious measures, just as some unbelievers may still attend

748-605: The Baltic Sea . The nearest city is Lübeck . The town belongs to the (historical) region of Holstein , today in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein . Oldenburg was the chief town of the Wagrians , one of the Slavic peoples that migrated as far west as the river Elbe in or after the 6th century (see Völkerwanderung ), also known as Wends and Obotrites . They arrived about A.D. 700 and

792-580: The Pomeranian / Kashubian (Slavic) name was Starigard or Stargard , meaning "Old Settlement", "Old Castle", "Old City/Town"; the German name Oldenburg is of Low German origin and carries the same meaning. The Obotrites were allies of Charlemagne . Emperor Otto I established the bishopric of Oldenburg under Adaldag , archbishop of Hamburg. To the Northern Germanic Vikings ,

836-553: The United Nations Human Rights Committee declared that article 18 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights "protects theistic, non-theistic and atheistic beliefs, as well as the right not to profess any religion or belief." The committee further stated that "the freedom to have or to adopt a religion or belief necessarily entails the freedom to choose a religion or belief, including

880-563: The 2022 census, 613 people (55.9%) were members of the Evangelical Church in Germany , with 58 (5.3%) belonging to the Catholic church , and 425 (38.8%) being either irreligious or belonging to another confession. The only church in the municipality is the evangelical-lutheran Marco chapel ( Marco-Kapelle ) opposite of the kindergarten in the settlement of Göhl. The current mayor of Göhl

924-476: The Göhl station, in 1898. During 1976 however, all passenger transport was ceased, which left the train station decommissioned to this day. A commercial area of 2.5 ha was created in the north of the settlement of Göhl in 1995. The current coat of arms and flag were adopted in June 2010. As of December 31, 2021, Göhl has a population of 1,118 with 560 (50.1%) being male, and 558 (49.9%) being female. The median age

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968-750: The World Religion Database estimated that the countries with the highest percentage of atheists were North Korea and Sweden . Although 11 countries listed below have nonreligious majorities, it does not necessarily correlate with non-identification. For example, 58% of the Swedish population identify with the Lutheran Church . Also, though Scandinavian countries have among the highest measures of nonreligiosity and even atheism in Europe , 47% of atheists who live in those countries are still formally members of

1012-617: The above") is typically the last choice. Since this status refers to lack of organizational affiliation rather than lack of personal belief, it is a more specific concept than irreligion. A 2015 Gallup poll concluded that in the United States "nones" were the only "religious" group that was growing as a percentage of the population. The Pew Research Centre in the table below reflects "religiously unaffiliated" in 2010 which "include atheists, agnostics, and people who do not identify with any particular religion in surveys". The Zuckerman data on

1056-460: The biggest of which being the Gruber sea directly south of what is today the municipality of Göhl. Due to the marshy waters of the inland seas no longer being traversable and lacking any sea access, local farmers considered the draining of the seas to avoid future flood damage and expand their farmland in the early 20th century. The first pumps to drain the seas were commissioned in 1926, and state support

1100-743: The city was known as Brandehuse , i.e. "the burned houses", indicating the bellicose times. For centuries, Starigard/Oldenburg remained the Slavic competitor of Hedeby on the Baltic trade, until the counts Adolph I and Adolph II of Schauenburg and Holstein, supported by Henry the Lion , finally defeated the Wends during the first half of the 12th century. The modern town has a partnership with Bergen auf Rügen in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern . Oldenburg in Holstein

1144-518: The global trend occurred from 2007 to 2019, when 43 out of 49 countries studied became less religious. This reversal appeared across most of the world. The United States was a dramatic example of declining religiosity – with the mean rating of importance of religion dropping from 8.2 to 4.6 – while India was a major exception. Research in 1989 recorded disparities in religious adherence for different faith groups, with people from Christian and tribal traditions leaving religion at

1188-453: The idea that religion was necessary to prevent a collapse of social cohesion and public morality was belied by lower levels of corruption and murder in less religious countries. They argue that both of these trends are based on the theory that as societies develop, survival becomes more secure: starvation, once pervasive, becomes uncommon; life expectancy increases; murder and other forms of violence diminish. As this level of security rises, there

1232-446: The lowest birth rates in the world and religious countries having higher birth rates in general. Since religion and fertility are positively related and vice versa, non-religious identity is expected to decline as a proportion of the global population throughout the 21st century. By 2060, according to projections, the number of unaffiliated will increase by over 35 million, but the overall population-percentage will decrease to 13% because

1276-741: The national churches. Determining objective irreligion, as part of societal or individual levels of secularity and religiosity, requires cultural sensitivity from researchers . This is especially so outside the West , where the concepts of "religious" and "secular" are not necessarily rooted in local civilization . Many East Asians identify as "without religion" ( wú zōngjiào in Chinese, mu shūkyō in Japanese, mu jong-gyo in Korean ), but "religion" in that context refers only to Buddhism or Christianity. Most of

1320-603: The northwest, Oldenburg in Holstein to the west, and across the Oldenburger Graben, Riepsdorf to the south. Göhl is connected to Oldenburg in Holstein, the nearest city, via the road Göhler Chaussee , which allows connectivity of the municipality to the Bundesautobahn 1 . The Lübeck–Puttgarden railway runs through the municipality but does not stop for passenger transport. However, a small decommissioned train station still exists in Göhl. The municipality consists of

1364-594: The people "without religion" practice Shinto and other folk religions . In the Muslim world , those who claim to be "not religious" mostly imply not strictly observing Islam, and in Israel , being " secular " means not strictly observing Orthodox Judaism . Vice versa, many American Jews share the worldviews of nonreligious people though affiliated with a Jewish denomination, and in Russia , growing identification with Eastern Orthodoxy

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1408-552: The right to replace one's current religion or belief with another or to adopt atheistic views." Signatories to the convention are barred from "the use of threat of physical force or penal sanctions to compel believers or non-believers" to recant their beliefs or convert. Most democracies protect the freedom of religion or belief, and it is largely implied in respective legal systems that those who do not believe or observe any religion are allowed freedom of thought . A noted exception to ambiguity, explicitly allowing non-religion,

1452-468: The settlements Antoinettenhof, Christianstal, Gaarz, Gaarzerfelde, Gaarzermühle, Göhl, Giebelberg, Kremsdorf, Lütjendorf, Neuschwelbek, Plügge, Quals, and Schwelbek. The Oldenburger Graben , which now forms the southern border of Göhl, used to be part of a fjord before and during the times of Slavic settlement in the area, its connection to the Baltic Sea would later be severed through natural processes however, leaving behind several marshy inland seas,

1496-484: The southernmost settlement of Göhl, Gut Gaarz, is a historic estate under family ownership that was built in 1690 and currently acts as a family resort as well as farm. Göhl is home to a elementary school called Grundschule Göhl and a kindergarten . Oldenburg in Holstein Oldenburg in Holstein ( German: [ˈɔldn̩bʊʁk ʔɪn ˈhɔlʃtaɪn] ) is a German town at the southwestern shore of

1540-430: The spread of scientific knowledge would dispel religion throughout the world", but religion continued to prosper in most places during the 19th and 20th centuries. Inglehart and Pippa Norris argue faith is "more emotional than cognitive", and both advance an alternative thesis termed "existential security." They postulate that rather than knowledge or ignorance of scientific learning, it is the weakness or vulnerability of

1584-438: The table below only reflect the number of people who have an absence of belief in a deity only (atheists, agnostics). These do not include the broader number of people who do not identify with a particular religion, such as deists, pantheists, and spiritual but not religious people. According to political/social scientist Ronald F. Inglehart , "influential thinkers from Karl Marx to Max Weber to Émile Durkheim predicted that

1628-437: The total population will grow faster. According to Pew Research Center's 2012 global study of 230 countries and territories, 16% of the world's population is not affiliated with a religion, while 84% are affiliated. A 2012 WIN/Gallup International report on a poll from 57 countries reported that 59% of the world's population identified as a religious person, 23% as not a religious person, 13% as "convinced atheists", and also

1672-403: The turn of the 20th century. In 1968, sociologist Glenn M. Vernon wrote that US census respondents who identified as "no religion" were insufficiently defined because they were defined in terms of a negative . He contrasted the label with the term "independent" for political affiliation, which still includes people who participate in civic activities . He suggested this difficulty in definition

1716-543: The village of Göhl, was transformed into the municipality of Goel. This new municipality grew with the addition of first the Gutsbezirk Kremsdorf in 1928, and then the municipality of Plügge in 1939. The spelling of Goel was standardized to the modern version of Göhl in 1937. The Kreis Oldenburger Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft (KOE) rail company commissioned the Oldenburg - Heiligenhafen railway line, which ran trains through

1760-404: The world population. A 2015 WIN/Gallup International poll found that 63% of the globe identified as a religious person, 22% as not a religious person, and 11% as "convinced atheists". Their 2017 survey found that 62% of the globe identified as a religious person, less than 25% as not a religious person, 9% others as "convinced atheists" and 5% others "Do not know/no response". Being nonreligious

1804-556: Was 45.4 as of 2021. Göhl had the highest percentage of under 18 years olds in Ostholstein at 24% (293) as of 2003. This population has since shrunken to 17.3% (193) in 2021 however. In the 2022 census, 1,071 people (97.6%) in Göhl possessed only German citizenship, 1,046 of which (95.4% of the population) were born in Germany. Residents of other citizenship in the 2022 census were: 11 (1%) Polish , 5 (0.5%) Ukrainian , 4 (0.4%) Syrian , and 6 (0.5%) of other unspecified nationality. In

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1848-504: Was attained through first Weimar , and later Nazi agricultural policy . Göhl was first mentioned under the name Gola, a Slavic word meaning heather, in 1317. The areas which today make up Göhl have been part of the Gut Schwelbek zu Putlos since the start of the 15th century. During this time, Göhl was known by multiple names, including Ghoele and Ghole. On the 15th November 1910, at the time Gutsbezirk Schwelbek , which encompassed

1892-436: Was partially due to the dilemma of defining religious activity beyond membership, attendance, or other identification with a formal religious group. During the 1970s, social scientists still tended to describe irreligion from a perspective that considered religion as normative for humans. Irreligion was described in terms of hostility, reactivity, or indifference toward religion, and or as developing from radical theologies. In

1936-475: Was registered with the state of Schleswig-Holstein in 2010. The heather plant in the center is in reference to the origin of the municipality's name, stemming from the Slavic word "Gola" ("heather"). The bottom sections of the shield represent the green land, and the Oldenburger Graben which forms the southern border of the municipality. Blazon : "Shield Or a heather plant Vert with three branches and 22 blossoms Gules, in base two bars of Vert and Azure parted by

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