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26-541: Landscape Park in Gänserndorf covers an area of approximately 70,000 square metres (17 acres) and is heavily used as a recreational area. The park offers pedestrian pathways as well as many bike paths along a willow-tree lined creek. Kellergasse is especially beautiful with ravines, vineyards, cellar tours, baroque palaces, many museums, the Museum Niedersulz, and the most fascinating floodplains of Central Europe. With

52-514: A land area of 19,186 km (7,408 sq mi) situated east of Upper Austria , Lower Austria is the country's largest state. Lower Austria derives its name from its downriver location on the river Enns , which flows from the west to the east. Lower Austria has an international border, 414 km (257 mi) long, with the Czech Republic ( South Bohemia and South Moravia ) and Slovakia ( Bratislava and Trnava Regions ). The state has

78-414: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Lower Austria Lower Austria ( German : Niederösterreich pronounced [ˈniːdɐˌ(ʔ)øːstɐraɪç] , abbreviated LA or NÖ ; Bavarian : Niedaöstareich ; Slovak : Dolné Rakúsko [ˈdɔlnɛː ˈrakuːskɔ] ; Czech : Dolní Rakousy [ˈdolɲiː ˈrakousɪ] ) is one of the nine states of Austria , located in

104-499: Is a musical description of the river's course through Bohemia. Smetana's symphonic poem also inspired a song of the same name by Bertolt Brecht . An English version of it, by John Willett , features the lyrics Deep down in the Moldau the pebbles are shifting / In Prague three dead emperors moulder away. The Vltava River has been used as the setting for a number of films, including the 1942 Czech drama The Great Dam . More recently,

130-854: Is drained by the Danube. The only river that flows into the North Sea (via the Moldau and the Elbe ) is the Lainsitz in northern Waldviertel , the Erlauf river . The most important rivers north of the Danube (on its left bank) are the Ysper , Kamp , Krems , Lainsitz , March and Thaya . South of the Danube (on its right bank) are the Enns , Ybbs , Erlauf , Melk , Pielach , Traisen , Schwechat , Fischa , Schwarza , Triesting , Pitten and

156-540: Is on standby for such cases with the long section of the river upstream of the Podolí plant under the stricter, second degree of pollution prevention regulations. Along its course, the river receives many tributaries. The longest tributaries of the Vltava are: Between the confluence with the Elbe at Mělník and Prague , the river is navigable by vessels of up to 1,000 tonnes (980 long tons; 1,100 short tons) displacement. Most of

182-685: Is the longest river in the Czech Republic , a left tributary of the Elbe River. It runs southeast along the Bohemian Forest and then north across Bohemia , through Český Krumlov , České Budějovice , and Prague . It is commonly referred to as the "Czech national river". Both the Czech name Vltava and the German name Moldau are believed to originate from the old Germanic words * wilt ahwa 'wild water' (compare Latin aqua ). In

208-973: Is the state with the second-lowest GDP per capita in Austria. Lower Austria is divided into four regions: Waldviertel , Mostviertel , Industrieviertel , and Weinviertel . The Wachau valley, situated between Melk and Krems in the Mostviertel region, is famous for its landscape, culture, and wine . Administratively, the state is divided into 20 districts ( Bezirke ), and four independent towns ( Statutarstädte ). In total, there are 573 municipalities within Lower Austria. 48°20′N 15°45′E  /  48.333°N 15.750°E  / 48.333; 15.750 Moldau (river) The Vltava ( / ˈ v ʊ l t ə v ə , ˈ v ʌ l -/ VU(U)L -tə-və , Czech: [ˈvl̩tava] ; German : Moldau [ˈmɔldaʊ] )

234-691: The Annales Fuldenses (872 AD) it is called Fuldaha ; from 1113 AD it is attested as Wultha . In the Chronica Boemorum (1125 AD) it is attested for the first time in its Bohemian form, Wlitaua . The Vltava originates by a confluence of two rivers, the Teplá Vltava , which is longer, and the Studená Vltava , originating in Bavaria . From a water management point of view,

260-465: The Elbe River at Mělník at an elevation of 156 m (512 ft). The height difference from source to mouth is 1,018 metres (3,340 ft). The Vltava River drains an area of 28,089.9 square kilometres (10,845.6 sq mi) in size, over half of Bohemia and about a third of the Czech Republic's entire territory. The waters ultimately drain to the North Sea. As it runs through Prague,

286-608: The Hochkarschacht , the Nixhöhle and the Ötschertropfsteinhöhle . More than 200 Neolithic people were killed during the massacre in the Linear Pottery settlement area of Schletz 7000 years ago. The history of Lower Austria is very similar to the history of Austria . Many castles are located in Lower Austria. Klosterneuburg Abbey , located here, is one of the oldest abbeys in Austria. Before World War II , Lower Austria had

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312-684: The Leitha . Lower Austria is rich in natural caves ; in all 4,082 have been recorded. Most of the caves have formed in limestone and dolomite rocks and are therefore called karst caves . Cavities also form in the marble of the Central Alps and the Bohemian Massif. Among the largest caves in Lower Austria are: The last two are open as show caves , along with the Allander stalactite cave, the Unicorn Cave ,

338-785: The Waldviertel is a granite plateau. The hilly Weinviertel lies to the northeast, descends to the plains of Marchfeld in the east of the state, and is separated by the Danube from the Vienna Basin to the south, which in turn is separated from the Vienna Woods by a line of thermal springs (the Thermenlinie ) running north to south. Other mountains in Lower Austria may be found at Category:Mountains of Lower Austria . The state border with Styria runs over both passes. Almost all of Lower Austria

364-590: The Vltava and Teplá Vltava are one river with single numbering of river kilometres . The Teplá Vltava originates in the territory of Kvilda in the Bohemian Forest at an elevation of 1,174 m (3,852 ft), on the slope of the Černá hora mountain. Together with the Teplá Vltava, the Vltava is 431.3 kilometres (268.0 mi) long. Without the Teplá Vltava, the Vltava is 377.0 kilometres (234.3 mi) long. The river flows north across Bohemia, through Český Krumlov , České Budějovice and Prague . It merges with

390-488: The banks denoting the water line for notable floods in 1784, 1845, 1890, 1940, and the highest of all in 2002. In August of 2002, the basin was heavily affected by the 2002 European floods when the flooded river killed several people and caused massive damage and disruption along its length, including in Prague. It left the oldest bridge in Prague, Charles Bridge, seriously weakened, requiring years of work to repair. Prague

416-529: The largest number of Jews in the country. The names Lower Austria and Upper Austria are derived from the earlier names Austria below the Enns and Austria above the Enns , references to the river Enns . Going down from its source on the northern edge of the Central Eastern Alps , the river crosses Upper Austria, then on its lower reaches forms the boundary between Upper Austria and Lower Austria. In

442-605: The largest reservoir on the Vltava by volume, while the Lipno Reservoir retains the largest reservoir by area. The Štěchovice Reservoir is built over the site of St John's Rapids . The river also features numerous weirs that help mitigate its flow from 1,172 metres (3,845 ft) in elevation at its source near the German border to 155 metres (509 ft) at its mouth in Mělník. The Vltava basin has flooded multiple times throughout recorded history. Markers have been created along

468-775: The mid-13th century, it became known as the Principality below the river Enns ( Fürstentum unter der Enns ). The Battle on the Marchfeld on 26 August 1278 marked the beginning of the ascendancy of the House of Habsburg in Austria and Central Europe. During the Ottoman wars in Europe , Lower Austria was the target of repeated raids by the Tatars and Ottoman Akinji mounted paramilitary units , with many people taken into slavery . Lower Austria

494-441: The northeastern corner of the country. Major cities are Amstetten , Krems an der Donau , Wiener Neustadt and Sankt Pölten , which has been the capital of Lower Austria since 1986, replacing Vienna , which became a separate state in 1921. With a land area of 19,186 km (7,408 sq mi) and a population of 1.7 million people, Lower Austria is the largest and second-most-populous state in Austria (after Vienna). With

520-570: The river is crossed by 18 bridges (including the Charles Bridge ) and covers 31 kilometres (19 mi) within the city. The water from the river was used for drinking until 1912 when the Vinohrady Water Tower ceased pumping operations, and is now a place to view the city. It is, however, the source of drinking water in case of failures of or repairs to the water supply from the Želivka and Kárané sources. The Podolí water processing plant

546-651: The river upstream of Prague as far as České Budějovice is navigable by craft of up to 300 tonnes (300 long tons; 330 short tons) displacement, but such vessels cannot pass the dams at Orlík and Slapy , and are also restricted by a low bridge at Týn nad Vltavou . Work is planned to complete boat lifts , planned for but never completed, at the two dams, and to rebuild the bridge, in order for them to navigate throughout. Much smaller craft, of up to 3.5 tonnes (3.4 long tons; 3.9 short tons) displacement and under 3 metres (9.8 ft) beam and 3 metres (9.8 ft) air draft, can avoid these obstacles. Upstream of České Budějovice,

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572-479: The river's section around Český Krumlov (specifically from Vyšší Brod to Boršov nad Vltavou ) is a very popular destination for water tourism . Nine hydroelectric dams have been built on the Vltava south of Prague to regulate the water flow and generate hydroelectric power , starting in the 1930s. Beginning at the headwaters, these are: Lipno , Lipno II , Hněvkovice , Kořensko , Orlík , Kamýk , Slapy , Štěchovice and Vrané . The Orlík Reservoir supports

598-525: The second-longest external border of all Austrian states. It also borders the other Austrian states of Upper Austria , Styria and Burgenland as well as surrounding Vienna . Lower Austria is divided into four regions, known as Viertel (quarters): These regions have different geographical structures. Whilst the Mostviertel is dominated by the foothills of the Limestone Alps with mountains up to 2,000  m (AA) (6,500 ft) high, most of

624-468: The town hall historically rebuilt in 1925 Gänserndorf is protected as a historic monument and presents itself with 24 decorated windows during Christmas time. Gänserndorf is well known for its summer events including art gallery openings, book readings and concerts, live music programs and many other festivals. The city and county of Gänserndorf host many activities in the warm months that are always well attended. This Lower Austria location article

650-587: Was again flooded in 2013 . Many locations within the Vltava and Elbe basins were left under water, including the Prague Zoo , but metal barriers were erected along the banks of the Vltava to help protect the historic city centre. One of the best-known works of classical music by a Czech composer is Bedřich Smetana 's Vltava , sometimes called The Moldau in English. It is from the Romantic era of classical music and

676-518: Was the site of the Battles of Wagram and Aspern , fought between invading French troops under Napoleon and an Austrian army led by Archduke Charles in 1809. The gross domestic product (GDP) of the state was 61.0 billion € in 2018, accounting for 15.8% of Austria's economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 32,300 €, or 107% of the EU27 average in the same year. Lower Austria

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