The Future Pensions Act ( Dutch : Wet toekomst pensioenen , abbreviated Wtp ) is an amendment to welfare law in the Netherlands . This law revises the Dutch pension system and amends thirteen laws, including the Pension Act . The law came into effect on 1 July 2023, and pension funds currently have until 2028 to switch to the new system.
86-419: The law relates to the supplementary pension that is accrued with a pension fund. The average system is being replaced by personal pension pots per participant. The pension funds no longer make any promises about the amount of the pension benefit, but rely on the accrued capital. Because investments at a young age have more time to yield, this carries more weight in the new system. Because the commitment disappears,
172-524: A common side showing the denomination or value, and a map in the background. Due to the linguistic plurality in the European Union , the Latin alphabet version of euro is used (as opposed to the less common Greek or Cyrillic) and Arabic numerals (other text is used on national sides in national languages, but other text on the common side is avoided). For the denominations except the 1-, 2- and 5-cent coins,
258-599: A national side showing an image specifically chosen by the country that issued the coin. Euro coins from any member state may be freely used in any nation that has adopted the euro. The coins are issued in denominations of €2 , €1 , 50c , 20c , 10c , 5c , 2c , and 1c . To avoid the use of the two smallest coins, some cash transactions are rounded to the nearest five cents in the Netherlands and Ireland (by voluntary agreement) and in Finland and Italy (by law). This practice
344-537: A soft Eurosceptic stance. The SP is also opposed to capitalism , as noted in what the SP calls its three main tasks: In a world dominated by the interests of capital, human dignity, equality and solidarity are under pressure. Our goal is to build a modern socialist society in which we put these values into practice. To achieve this, the SP has three main tasks: 1. Providing fundamental criticism of capitalism and organizing people against it 2. Presenting our alternatives for
430-451: A 'historical homeland' of Dutch workers that was destroyed by privatisation , deregulation and neoliberalism ; in the same vein, the party is critical of the EU , calling its policies 'false internationalism ' and accusing it of being in the service of big corporations and neoliberalism. The party's opposition to mass migration is explained by its focus on the protection of the working class ;
516-549: A budget deficit of less than 3% of their GDP, a debt ratio of less than 60% of GDP (both of which were ultimately widely flouted after introduction), low inflation, and interest rates close to the EU average. In the Maastricht Treaty, the United Kingdom and Denmark were granted exemptions per their request from moving to the stage of monetary union which resulted in the introduction of the euro (see also United Kingdom and
602-451: A final say over the party program. The SP is a constant active force in extra-parliamentary protest. Many of its members are active in local campaigning groups, often independent groups dominated by the SP, or in the SP neighbourhood centres, where the party provides help for the working class . An example more of nationwide nature is the movement for a National Healthcare Fund ( Dutch : Nationaal ZorgFonds ). This campaign demonstrates
688-547: A foreign trading currency in Cuba since 1998, Syria since 2006, and Venezuela since 2018. In 2009, Zimbabwe abandoned its local currency and introduced major global convertible currencies instead, including the euro and the United States dollar. The direct usage of the euro outside of the official framework of the EU affects nearly 3 million people. Outside the eurozone, two EU member states have currencies that are pegged to
774-500: A monetary agreement: British Overseas Territory : Unilateral adopters: The following EU member states committed themselves in their respective Treaty of Accession to adopt the euro. However they do not have a deadline to do so and can delay the process by deliberately not complying with the convergence criteria (such as by not meeting the convergence criteria to join ERM II). Bulgaria and Romania are actively working to adopt
860-415: A reaction to the so-called "right-wing winter" in national politics as the welfare reforms of the right-wing second Balkenende cabinet were called by its centre-left and left-wing opponents. In a reaction to these results, Marijnissen declared on election night that the "SP has grown up". After the untimely end of the second Balkenende cabinet and the minority government of the third Balkenende cabinet ,
946-508: A strong representation in several municipal legislatures , notably in Oss . Also in some States-Provincial , the SP gained a foothold, especially in the province of North Brabant . Since 1977, SP attempted to enter the House of Representatives, but the party failed in 1977 , 1981 , 1982 , 1986 and 1989 . In 1991, the SP officially scrapped the term Marxism–Leninism because the party had evolved to
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#17328697558661032-583: Is a major donor to the EFSF. To be included in the eurozone, countries had to fulfil certain convergence criteria , but the meaningfulness of such criteria was diminished by the fact it was not enforced with the same level of strictness among countries. According to the Economist Intelligence Unit in 2011, "[I]f the [euro area] is treated as a single entity, its [economic and fiscal] position looks no worse and in some respects, rather better than that of
1118-524: Is also the sole currency in three overseas territories of France that are not themselves part of the EU, namely Saint Barthélemy , Saint Pierre and Miquelon , and the French Southern and Antarctic Lands , as well as in the British Overseas Territory of Akrotiri and Dhekelia . The euro has been adopted unilaterally as the sole currency of Montenegro and Kosovo. It has also been used as
1204-437: Is an advocate of Dutch republicanism . The party labels itself as socialist , and in its manifesto of principles, it calls for a society where human dignity , equality and solidarity are most important. Its core issues are employment , social welfare and investing in health care , public education and public safety . The party opposes privatisation of public services and is critical of globalisation . It has taken
1290-465: Is discouraged by the commission, as is the practice of certain shops of refusing to accept high-value euro notes. Commemorative coins with €2 face value have been issued with changes to the design of the national side of the coin. These include both commonly issued coins, such as the €2 commemorative coin for the fiftieth anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Rome, and nationally issued coins, such as
1376-613: Is feasible. During the debate in the Senate, the Socialist Party stated that a two-thirds majority was required for the law. The law amends the General Pension Act for Political Office Holders (Appa), for which the constitution states that a two-thirds majority is required. However, according to Minister Schouten, this was not necessary because it only concerns legal technical changes that do not mean any changes in practice. On 30 May,
1462-597: Is left for heirs in the event of premature death. Since 2004, there has been a desire in Dutch politics and among employers and trade unions to reform the pension system, partly because of the aging population . In 2010 they reached a political agreement, but this was largely not implemented due to the government's budget crisis in 2012. Based on that agreement at the time, the State Attorney had advised not to make entry mandatory for legal sustainability. The official advice on
1548-541: The 1998 general election , the party was rewarded for its opposition to the purple government of the first Kok cabinet and more than doubled its seats to five. In the 1999 European Parliament election , Erik Meijer was elected into the European Parliament for the SP. In the 2002 general election , the SP ran with the slogan "Vote in Favor" (Dutch: Stem Voor ). The party nearly doubled to nine seats. This result
1634-485: The 2005 referendum on the European Constitution, the SP was the only left-wing party in parliament to oppose it. Support for the party grew in opinion polls, but it fell slightly after the referendum. The 2006 municipal elections were a success for the SP which more than doubled its total number of seats. This can in part be explained by the party standing in many more municipalities, but it can also be seen as
1720-460: The 2010 general election , the SP fared worse than in the previous election, with a loss of 10 seats, a gain of 15 and only 9.9% of the overall vote. The party's popularity rose after the election, with polls throughout 2012 indicating it could challenge the ruling VVD with a seat count reaching into the 30s. The SP's popularity peaked in early August, a month before the election, with polls from Peil, Ipsos , and TNS NIPO indicating it would become
1806-661: The 2023 Dutch general election , the SP delegation shrank from nine seats to five. The Socialist Party was founded in October 1971 as a Maoist party named the Communist Party of the Netherlands/Marxist–Leninist (KPN/ML). This KPN/ML was formed following a split from the Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands (Marxist–Leninist) . The issue that provoked the split from KEN(ml) was an intense debate on
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#17328697558661892-506: The Senate . GroenLinks and the Labour Party set three amendment proposals as a condition, such as the legal target to halve the number of employees without a pension plan. These were adopted with support from the coalition. Eighteen other amendment proposals also received a majority, such as limiting freedom of funds, less extreme investment risks and equalizing pensioners. On 22 December 2022,
1978-591: The dobra of São Tomé and Príncipe was officially linked with the euro. Additionally, the Moroccan dirham is tied to a basket of currencies, including the euro and the US dollar, with the euro given the highest weighting. These countries generally had previously implemented a currency peg to one of the major European currencies (e.g. the French franc , Deutsche Mark or Portuguese escudo ), and when these currencies were replaced by
2064-496: The eurozone . The euro is divided into 100 euro cents . The currency is also used officially by the institutions of the European Union , by four European microstates that are not EU members, the British Overseas Territory of Akrotiri and Dhekelia , as well as unilaterally by Montenegro and Kosovo . Outside Europe, a number of special territories of EU members also use the euro as their currency. Additionally, over 200 million people worldwide use currencies pegged to
2150-501: The " eurozone ", some 347 million people in total as of 2023 . According to bilateral agreements with the EU , the euro has also been designated as the sole and official currency in a further four European microstates awarded minting rights (Andorra, Monaco, San Marino and the Vatican City). All but one (Denmark) current, and any potential future EU members, are obliged to adopt the euro when economic conditions permit. The euro
2236-550: The CDA, the PvdA and the Christian Union parties. In the 2007 provincial elections , the SP gained 54 provincial legislators more than in the 2003 provincial elections and made it to a total of 83 provincial legislators. As a result of the provincial elections, the SP has increased its representatives in the Senate of the Netherlands ( upper house ) to 11 from the 4 it had previously. In
2322-627: The ECB's banknotes are put into circulation by the NCBs, thereby incurring matching liabilities vis-à-vis the ECB. These liabilities carry interest at the main refinancing rate of the ECB. The other 92% of euro banknotes are issued by the NCBs in proportion to their respective shares of the ECB capital key, calculated using national share of European Union (EU) population and national share of EU GDP, equally weighted. Member states are authorised to print or to commission bank note printing. As of November 2022 , these are
2408-599: The Euro, at around US dollar 0.95 per euro. The euro is managed and administered by the European Central Bank (ECB, Frankfurt am Main ) and the Eurosystem , composed of the central banks of the eurozone countries. As an independent central bank, the ECB has sole authority to set monetary policy . The Eurosystem participates in the printing, minting and distribution of euro banknotes and coins in all member states, and
2494-439: The Netherlands, the SP has seen a decline in membership in recent years. The highest body within the SP is the party council, formed by the chairs of all local branches and the party board. It convenes at least four times a year. The party board is elected by the party congress which is formed by delegates from the municipal branches. The congress decides on the order of the candidates for national and European elections and it has
2580-430: The Netherlands/Marxist–Leninist (KPN/ML, Dutch: Communistische Partij van Nederland/Marxistisch–Leninistisch ), the party has since moderated itself from Marxism–Leninism and Maoism towards democratic socialism and social democracy . Positioned to the political left of the Labour Party , the party has been part of the parliamentary opposition since it was formed. After the 2006 Dutch general election ,
2666-579: The Portuguese escudos , which ceased to have monetary value after 31 December 2002, although banknotes remained exchangeable until 2022. A special euro currency sign (€) was designed after a public survey had narrowed ten of the original thirty proposals down to two. The President of the European Commission at the time ( Jacques Santer ) and the European Commissioner with responsibility for
Future Pensions Act - Misplaced Pages Continue
2752-407: The PvdA joined the government whereas the SP did not. The party currently has no members of the European Parliament since the 2024 European Parliamentary election . Former SP leader Emile Roemer was the first party member who became both mayor and commissioner (he was acting mayor of Heerlen and Alkmaar , and has been King's Commissioner of Limburg since 1 December 2021). The SP is part of
2838-464: The SP also opposes climate change measures that it considers unfair or disadvantageous to the working class. It also strongly opposes a "European superstate" and demands the return of the Dutch national currency, the Dutch guilder ; in addition, the party supports border controls within the EU, and advocates introducing a work permit requirement for people entering the Netherlands from other EU countries. Given
2924-447: The SP argues that the Dutch working class must be protected by preventing an inflow of cheap labour into the Netherlands; party's slogan on immigration is " Class struggle instead of race struggle ". The Socialist Party is also heavily regarded as a textbook example of a left-wing populist party. Because of its social stances, the party has been described as culturally conservative . Apart from campaigning on restricting immigration,
3010-419: The SP became one of the major parties of the Netherlands winning 25 out of 150 parliamentary seats, an increase of 16 seats. In the 2010 Dutch general election , the parliamentary presence of the socialists decreased to 15 seats. In the 2012 Dutch general election , the party maintained those 15 seats. Following the 2017 and 2021 general elections, the SP fell back to the nine seats it held before 2006. After
3096-493: The SP gained 16 seats in the parliament after the 2006 general election , nearly tripling its parliamentary representation. With 25 seats, the SP became the third largest party of the Dutch parliament . In the 2006–2007 cabinet formation , the SP was unable to work out its policy differences with the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) and remained in opposition against the fourth Balkenende cabinet which comprised
3182-455: The Senate agreed with the finding that a simple majority is sufficient. The same evening, the Senate also approved the present law (46 in favour, 27 against). Euro The euro ( symbol : € ; currency code : EUR ) is the official currency of 20 of the 27 member states of the European Union . This group of states is officially known as the euro area or, more commonly,
3268-540: The Socialist Party is called SP Jongeren . Its old youth-wing was ROOD ; the word rood is officially written in capitals but is not an acronym . The SP publishes the magazine the Tribune monthly which was also the name of a historical Communist Party of the Netherlands newspaper. The relationship between Rood and the SP became rocky in 2020 due to the youth wing taking a more radical approach to politics. In late 2020
3354-478: The US or the UK" and the budget deficit for the euro area as a whole is much lower and the euro area's government debt/GDP ratio of 86% in 2010 was about the same level as that of the United States. "Moreover", they write, "private-sector indebtedness across the euro area as a whole is markedly lower than in the highly leveraged Anglo-Saxon economies". The authors conclude that the crisis "is as much political as economic" and
3440-430: The United States were relatively strong creditors – gained attention in summer 2012 even as Germany received a debt-rating warning of its own. The euro is the sole currency of 20 EU member states : Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain. These countries constitute
3526-536: The advice of the State Advocate was made public on 8 December 2023. The advice of the State Advocate remained secret, but the meaning became clear. Ultimately, a pension agreement was concluded in 2019, which formed the basis for the Future Pensions Act. The condition for support from the trade unions for this was a more limited increase in the state pension age . A further elaboration of the pension agreement
Future Pensions Act - Misplaced Pages Continue
3612-418: The cap is donated to the party to the party to be used for mutual aid. The SP has always been in opposition on a national level, although there are now numerous examples of government participation on a local and provincial level. On many issues, the SP is the most left-wing party in parliament. Between 1994 and 2002, the Labour Party (PvdA) had a conscious strategy to isolate the party, always voting against
3698-477: The chamber due to the 2023 Dutch provincial elections which took place in March and the 2023 Senate elections which took place at the end of May. Over one thousand written questions about the law were asked. To respond to concerns in the Senate, Minister Schouten promised to give pension funds until at least 2028 to switch to the new system. She also promised to appoint a government commissioner to monitor whether this
3784-464: The coin to commemorate the 2004 Summer Olympics issued by Greece. These coins are legal tender throughout the eurozone. Collector coins with various other denominations have been issued as well, but these are not intended for general circulation, and they are legal tender only in the member state that issued them. A number of institutions are authorised to mint euro coins: The design for the euro banknotes has common designs on both sides. The design
3870-537: The euro ( Yves-Thibault de Silguy ) then chose the winning design. Regarding the symbol, the European Commission stated on behalf of the European Union : The symbol € is based on the Greek letter epsilon (Є), with the first letter in the word "Europe" and with 2 parallel lines signifying stability. The European Commission also specified a euro logo with exact proportions. Placement of the currency sign relative to
3956-543: The euro ). The name "euro" was officially adopted in Madrid on 16 December 1995. Belgian Esperantist Germain Pirlot , a former teacher of French and history, is credited with naming the new currency by sending a letter to then President of the European Commission , Jacques Santer , suggesting the name "euro" on 4 August 1995. Due to differences in national conventions for rounding and significant digits, all conversion between
4042-682: The euro , which is a precondition to joining the eurozone. The Danish krone and Bulgarian lev are pegged due to their participation in the ERM ;II . Additionally, a total of 21 countries and territories that do not belong to the EU have currencies that are directly pegged to the euro including 14 countries in mainland Africa ( CFA franc ), two African island countries ( Comorian franc and Cape Verdean escudo ), three French Pacific territories ( CFP franc ) and two Balkan countries, Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark ) and North Macedonia ( Macedonian denar ). On 1 January 2010,
4128-475: The euro . The euro is the second-largest reserve currency as well as the second-most traded currency in the world after the United States dollar . As of December 2019, with more than €1.3 trillion in circulation, the euro has one of the highest combined values of banknotes and coins in circulation in the world. The name euro was officially adopted on 16 December 1995 in Madrid . The euro
4214-449: The euro their currencies became pegged to the euro. Pegging a country's currency to a major currency is regarded as a safety measure, especially for currencies of areas with weak economies, as the euro is seen as a stable currency, prevents runaway inflation, and encourages foreign investment due to its stability. In total, as of 2013 , 182 million people in Africa use a currency pegged to
4300-461: The euro traded below the US dollar, but has since traded near parity with or above the US dollar, peaking at US$ 1.60 on 18 July 2008 and since then returning near to its original issue rate. On 13 July 2022, the two currencies hit parity for the first time in nearly two decades due in part to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine . Then, in September 2022, the US dollar again had a face value higher than
4386-519: The euro, 27 million people outside the eurozone in Europe, and another 545,000 people on Pacific islands. Socialist Party (Netherlands) The Socialist Party ( Dutch : Socialistische Partij [soːɕaːˈlɪstisə pɑrˈtɛi] ; SP [ɛsˈpeː] ) is a democratic socialist and social democratic political party in the Netherlands . Founded in 1971 as the Communist Party of
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#17328697558664472-592: The euro, while the remaining states do not have a migration plan in progress. The euro is divided into 100 cents (also referred to as euro cents , especially when distinguishing them from other currencies, and referred to as such on the common side of all cent coins). In Community legislative acts the plural forms of euro and cent are spelled without the s , notwithstanding normal English usage. Otherwise, normal English plurals are used, with many local variations such as centime in France. All circulating coins have
4558-421: The eurozone are also treated as domestic transactions; however paper-based payment orders, like cheques, have not been standardised so these are still domestic-based. The ECB has also set up a clearing system , TARGET , for large euro transactions. The euro was established by the provisions in the 1992 Maastricht Treaty . To participate in the currency, member states are meant to meet strict criteria , such as
4644-548: The initial designs by Robert Kalina were of specific bridges, including the Rialto and the Pont de Neuilly , and were subsequently rendered more generic; the final designs still bear very close similarities to their specific prototypes; thus they are not truly generic. The monuments looked similar enough to different national monuments to please everyone. The Europa series, or second series, consists of six denominations and no longer includes
4730-471: The largest party with a result as high as 37 seats. However, PvdA's popularity surged in the final weeks, and the SP's lead collapsed. The party ultimately placed fourth on 15 seats, with a slight decrease in its vote share compared to 2010. In the 2017 general election , the SP lost one seat and finished sixth. The SP has been described as socialist , democratic socialist , social democratic , left-wing populist , far-left and Eurosceptic , and
4816-417: The latter's proposals. However, the party did co-operate well with GroenLinks . After its disastrous election result in 2002, the PvdA, now back in opposition, did co-operate with the SP against some of the policies of the centre-right Balkenende government and their relationship improved significantly. New tensions arose after the 2006 general election, when the SP approached the PvdA in electoral support and
4902-504: The law by a year. Koolmees' successor, Minister for Poverty Policy, Participation and Pensions Carola Schouten , finally submitted the bill to the House of Representatives on 29 March 2022. The House debated the bill for over 100 hours. Although the Fourth Rutte cabinet had had a majority in the House of Representatives, it also had to persuade opposition parties in view of the minority in
4988-464: The law was passed in the House of Representatives, supported by VVD , D66 , CDA , PvdA , GroenLinks , Christian Union , Reformed Political Party and Volt Netherlands (93 votes in favor, 48 against). After consideration in the House of Representatives, it was sent to the Dutch Senate . Opposition parties PVV , 50PLUS , JA21 and the Socialist Party tried to delay the legislative process in
5074-497: The map only showed the 15 member states of the union as of 2002. Beginning in 2007 or 2008 (depending on the country), the old map was replaced by a map of Europe also showing countries outside the EU . The 1-, 2- and 5-cent coins, however, keep their old design, showing a geographical map of Europe with the EU member states as of 2002, raised somewhat above the rest of the map. All common sides were designed by Luc Luycx . The coins also have
5160-713: The masses, the SP was very critical of the Chinese Communist Party , condemning its support for UNITA in Angola with the brochure " Antwoord aan de dikhuiden van de KEN " ('Answer to the thick skins of the KEN'). The SP started to build a network of local parties, with strong local roots. The SP had its own General Practitioners ' offices, provided advice to citizens and set up local action groups. This developed within front organisations, separate trade unions , environmental organisations and tenant associations. This work resulted in
5246-680: The national currencies ceased to be legal tender varied from member state to member state. The earliest date was in Germany, where the mark officially ceased to be legal tender on 31 December 2001, though the exchange period lasted for two months more. Even after the old currencies ceased to be legal tender, they continued to be accepted by national central banks for periods ranging from several years to indefinitely (the latter for Austria, Germany, Ireland, Estonia and Latvia in banknotes and coins, and for Belgium, Luxembourg, Slovenia and Slovakia in banknotes only). The earliest coins to become non-convertible were
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#17328697558665332-554: The national currencies had to be carried out using the process of triangulation via the euro. The definitive values of one euro in terms of the exchange rates at which the currency entered the euro are shown in the table. The rates were determined by the Council of the European Union , based on a recommendation from the European Commission based on the market rates on 31 December 1998. They were set so that one European Currency Unit (ECU) would equal one euro. The European Currency Unit
5418-482: The necessity of a single payer system and wants to remove market and commercialisation aspects of the current healthcare system. The expensive advertising annually organised by healthcare insurance companies in order to attract new customers is a big example. The NHS inspired movement thinks that money should solely be spent on healthcare itself. Switching from one insurance company to another can only be done once every year as restricted by Dutch law. The youth wing of
5504-688: The numeric amount varies from state to state, but for texts in English published by EU institutions, the symbol (or the ISO -standard "EUR") should precede the amount. Following the U.S. financial crisis in 2008, fears of a sovereign debt crisis developed in 2009 among investors concerning some European states, with the situation becoming particularly tense in early 2010 . Greece was most acutely affected, but fellow Eurozone members Cyprus , Ireland , Italy , Portugal , and Spain were also significantly affected. All these countries used EU funds except Italy, which
5590-523: The obligation to adopt the euro by not meeting the monetary and budgetary requirements. All nations that have joined the EU since 1993 have pledged to adopt the euro in due course. The Maastricht Treaty was amended by the 2001 Treaty of Nice , which closed the gaps and loopholes in the Maastricht and Rome Treaties. The 20 participating members are EU Outermost Regions : Overseas Territories : Special Autonomous Territories : Microstates with
5676-444: The operation of the eurozone payment systems. The 1992 Maastricht Treaty obliges most EU member states to adopt the euro upon meeting certain monetary and budgetary convergence criteria , although not all participating states have done so. Denmark has negotiated exemptions, while Sweden (which joined the EU in 1995, after the Maastricht Treaty was signed) turned down the euro in a 2003 non-binding referendum , and has circumvented
5762-522: The party cut ties with ROOD. At one point, two Trotskyist entryist groups operated within the SP. This included Offensive, now called Socialist Alternative , and the International Socialists . The latter was expelled on the grounds of double membership. The similar yet very small group Offensief was not considered a factor of power, but its members were banned from the SP in February 2009, on
5848-526: The party's social stances, its voter base consists of low-income and working-class Catholics of the Southern Netherlands , as well as trade union members. It combines its social stances with an anti-neoliberal rhetoric, calling for the end of the elite's "pillage of the state, deception, and flogging off its people to a cabal of foreign capitalists". Since 1974, the party has instituted a pay cap for all MPs and elected officials. Any salary in excess of
5934-411: The pension also moves more quickly with the state of the financial markets. For this transition, 1,500 billion euros of pension money in collective pension pots must be divided between personal pension pots. This process is called entering . A pension pot represents the life insurance value of a pension entitlement. This means that the personal pot cannot run out due to longevity, but that no money
6020-483: The point that the term was no longer considered appropriate. In the 1994 general election , the party's first members of parliament, namely Remi Poppe and Jan Marijnissen, were elected. Its slogan was "Vote Against" (Dutch: Stem tegen ). In the 1990s, the major party of the Dutch left, the Labour Party (PvdA), moved to the centre , making the SP and the GroenLinks viable alternatives for some left-wing voters. In
6106-403: The printers: Capital within the EU may be transferred in any amount from one state to another. All intra-Union transfers in euro are treated as domestic transactions and bear the corresponding domestic transfer costs. This includes all member states of the EU, even those outside the eurozone providing the transactions are carried out in euro. Credit/debit card charging and ATM withdrawals within
6192-453: The provincial executive ( Gedeputeerde staten ) in six out of twelve provinces. The SP is also part of several municipal executives ( College van burgemeester en wethouders ), notably in Amsterdam and Utrecht . The party was founded as the Communist Party of the Netherlands/Marxist–Leninist (KPN/ML) in 1971. In 1972, it adopted the Socialist Party name ( Dutch : Socialistiese Partij ), with
6278-502: The public; a design competition will also be held. Since 1 January 2002, the national central banks (NCBs) and the ECB have issued euro banknotes on a joint basis. Eurosystem NCBs are required to accept euro banknotes put into circulation by other Eurosystem members and these banknotes are not repatriated. The ECB issues 8% of the total value of banknotes issued by the Eurosystem. In practice,
6364-413: The realization that the capitalist market economy does not work. According to Cas Mudde , the party has an " old left " platform that combines left-wing economic stances with "left-conservative" positions on some social issues — the party proposes a temporary stop on migrant workers , and it also rejects " identity politics ". The party program is heavily focused on Dutch blue collar workers , recalling
6450-455: The result of the fact that the euro area lacks the support of "institutional paraphernalia (and mutual bonds of solidarity) of a state". The crisis continued with S&P downgrading the credit rating of nine euro-area countries, including France, then downgrading the entire European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) fund. A historical parallel – to 1931 when Germany was burdened with debt, unemployment and austerity while France and
6536-512: The role of intellectuals in the class struggle . The founders of KPN/ML, with Daan Monjé in a prominent role, belonged to the proletarian wing of the KEN(ml), who did not want an organisation dominated by students and intellectuals. In 1972, the KPN/ML changed its name to the Socialist Party (Dutch: Socialistiese Partij ). Even in its early years, while adhering to Maoist principles such as organising
6622-537: The short and long term and fighting for them 3. Collaborate with everyone who endorses our values, locally, nationally and internationally. Capitalism leads to exploitation of people and division in society; pollution of the environment and depletion of the earth. The preservation of life is under pressure due to the overexploitation of current capitalism. This leads to destruction of the environment, to wars and flows of refugees. Our way of life must change to save nature and thus humans. More and more people are coming to
6708-409: The spelling using -iese instead of -ische . This was due to the Dutch spelling reforms at the time. However, these spelling reforms failed and the party changed its name to Socialistische Partij in 1993. As of 2016, the SP has 41,710 members and has grown considerably since it entered parliament in 1994, making it the third largest party in terms of its number of members. Like other parties in
6794-464: The successor to the European Currency Unit (ECU). The notes and coins for the old currencies, however, continued to be used as legal tender until new euro notes and coins were introduced on 1 January 2002. The changeover period during which the former currencies' notes and coins were exchanged for those of the euro lasted about two months, until 28 February 2002. The official date on which
6880-433: The €500 with issuance discontinued as of 27 April 2019. However, both the first and the second series of euro banknotes, including the €500, remain legal tender throughout the euro area. In December 2021, the ECB announced its plans to redesign euro banknotes by 2024. A theme advisory group, made up of one member from each euro area country, was selected to submit theme proposals to the ECB. The proposals will be voted on by
6966-560: Was already two years old. While the conversion rates for the initial eleven currencies were determined only hours before the euro was introduced, the conversion rate for the Greek drachma was fixed several months beforehand. The currency was introduced in non-physical form ( traveller's cheques , electronic transfers, banking, etc.) at midnight on 1 January 1999, when the national currencies of participating countries (the eurozone) ceased to exist independently. Their exchange rates were locked at fixed rates against each other. The euro thus became
7052-496: Was an accounting unit used by the EU, based on the currencies of the member states; it was not a currency in its own right. They could not be set earlier, because the ECU depended on the closing exchange rate of the non-euro currencies (principally pound sterling ) that day. The procedure used to fix the conversion rate between the Greek drachma and the euro was different since the euro by then
7138-505: Was created by the Austrian designer Robert Kalina . Notes are issued in €500 , €200 , €100 , €50 , €20 , €10 , and €5 . Each banknote has its own colour and is dedicated to an artistic period of European architecture. The front of the note features windows or gateways while the back has bridges, symbolising links between states in the union and with the future. While the designs are supposed to be devoid of any identifiable characteristics,
7224-442: Was introduced to world financial markets as an accounting currency on 1 January 1999, replacing the former European Currency Unit (ECU) at a ratio of 1:1 (US$ 1.1743 at the time). Physical euro coins and banknotes entered into circulation on 1 January 2002, making it the day-to-day operating currency of its original members, and by March 2002 it had completely replaced the former currencies. Between December 1999 and December 2002,
7310-454: Was kept in the 2003 general election . Leading up to the latter election, the SP was predicted to win as many as 24 (16%) seats in the polls. However, these gains failed to materialise as many potential SP voters chose to cast strategic votes for the Labour Party which stood a good chance of winning the elections. In the 2004 European Parliament election , its one seat was doubled to two. In
7396-558: Was presented in June 2020. The membership of the FNV trade union initially postponed voting, but agreed to the implementation in July 2019. The pension agreement then had to be developed into a law. At the end of 2020, Minister of Social Affairs and Employment Wouter Koolmees presented the draft law. 800 responses were given to the consultation. This high number took longer to process than planned, delaying
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