Misplaced Pages

#96903

58-622: The Fuscher Ache rises as the confluence of the Kaefertalbach und the Traunerbach near the Fuscher Törl at a height of about 2,500  m (AA) in the Lower Pinzgau . It flows from south to north through the valley of the same name, passing the small village of Fusch an der Großglocknerstraße . It supplies a drinking water reservoir for the village, its water quality being very high. It

116-476: A castrum superius (upper castle) on the Nonnberg Terrace as a gift. In return he was to evangelize the east and south-east of the country of Bavaria. Rupert reconnoitred the river for the site of his basilica and chose Juvavum. He ordained priests and annexed the manor of Piding . Rupert built a church at St. Peter on the site of today's cathedral and probably also founded the associated monastery and

174-522: A seat of the archbishop in 798. Its main sources of income were salt extraction, trade, as well as gold mining. The fortress of Hohensalzburg , one of the largest medieval fortresses in Europe, dates from the 11th century. In the 17th century, Salzburg became a center of the Counter-Reformation , with monasteries and numerous Baroque churches built. Salzburg's historic center ( German : Altstadt )

232-674: A close relationship with Colloredo. In 1803, the archbishopric was secularised by Emperor Napoleon ; he transferred the territory to Ferdinando III of Tuscany , former Grand Duke of Tuscany , as the Electorate of Salzburg . In 1805, Salzburg was annexed to the Austrian Empire , along with the Berchtesgaden Provostry . In 1809, the territory of Salzburg was transferred to the Kingdom of Bavaria after Austria's defeat at Wagram . After

290-539: A graded road. A year later, on 3 August 1935, the Grossglockner High Alpine Road was opened and put into full service a day later with an international automobile and motorcycle race . Including the building of the access roads, the Glockner Road cost Austrian Schilling 910 million (at 1990 rates), around seven million less than estimated. Planners had reckoned with 120,000 visitors in 1930, but

348-556: A group of Austrian experts presented a plan for a road over the Hochtor (the high pass), they were ridiculed in a time when in Austria , Germany, and Italy there were only 154,000 private automobiles, 92,000 motorcycles, and 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) of long-distance asphalt roads. Austria had suffered from the catastrophic economic results of losing the First World War, had shrunk to

406-512: A hub for southbound trains through the Alps into Italy . Salzburg Airport has scheduled flights to European cities such as Frankfurt , Vienna , London , Rotterdam , Amsterdam , Brussels , Düsseldorf , and Zürich , as well as Hamburg , Edinburgh and Dublin . In addition to these, there are numerous charter flights. In the main city, there is the Salzburg trolleybus system and bus system with

464-557: A quarter of the traffic; 1955 was the highpoint with 47,500 motorcycles (26% of the traffic); in 1968, only 2,071 motorcycles were to be counted. The number of motorcycles on the Grossglockner High Alpine Road then rose by 2003 to over 76,000. Increasing numbers of visitors made the stage-by-stage modernization of the road necessary after 1953 to a width of 7.5 metres (25 ft), to 15 metres (49 ft) in place of 10-metre (33 ft) bend radius, and 4,000 parking places instead of 800 and an annual capacity of up to 350,000 vehicles. In

522-515: A seventh of its imperial size, lost its international markets and suffered devastating inflation. Even the modest design of a 3-metre (9.8 ft) gravel road, with overtaking points, appeared too expensive. The impulse for building a road, which was meant to open up the barren alpine valleys to motorized tourism, was given by the New York stock market slump in 1929. This catastrophe shook an impoverished Austria with terrible force. Within three years,

580-510: A total of more than 20 lines, and service every 10 minutes. Salzburg has an S-Bahn system with four Lines (S1, S2, S3, S11), trains depart from the main station every 30 minutes, and they are part of the ÖBB network. Suburb line number S1 reaches the world-famous Silent Night chapel in Oberndorf in about 25 minutes. In the 1960s, The Sound of Music , based on the true story of Maria von Trapp , who took up with an aristocratic family and fled

638-399: Is comparatively high, mainly in the summer months. The specific drizzle is called Schnürlregen in the local dialect. In winter and spring, pronounced foehn winds regularly occur. Salzburg's official population significantly increased in 1935 when the city absorbed adjacent municipalities . After World War II , numerous refugees found a new home in the city. New residential space

SECTION 10

#1733094548097

696-529: Is problematic. Nevertheless, some new structures have been added: the Mozarteum at the Baroque Mirabell Garden (Architecture Robert Rechenauer), the 2001 Congress House (Architecture: Freemasons), the 2011 Unipark Nonntal (Architecture: Storch Ehlers Partners), the 2001 "Makartsteg" bridge (Architecture: HALLE1), and the "Residential and Studio House" of the architects Christine and Horst Lechner in

754-401: Is renowned for its Baroque architecture and is one of the best-preserved city centers north of the Alps. The historic center was enlisted as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996. The city has three universities and a large population of students. The name "Salzburg" was first recorded in the late 8th century. It is composed of two parts; the first being " Salz- " German for "salt" and

812-657: Is rich in fish such as brown trout , grayling and char . After about 28 km (17 mi) it empties into the Salzach at Bruck an der Großglocknerstraße . This article related to a river in Austria is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Salzburg state location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Fuscher T%C3%B6rl The Grossglockner High Alpine Road (in German Großglockner Hochalpenstraße )

870-584: Is the highest surfaced mountain pass road in Austria . It connects Bruck in the state of Salzburg with Heiligenblut in Carinthia via Fuscher Törl at 2,428 m (7,966 ft) and Hochtor Pass at 2,504 m (8,215 ft). The road is named after the Grossglockner , Austria's highest mountain. Built as a scenic route , a toll is charged. The road leads from Bruck in the Salzach Valley via

928-473: Is the reason why there are no churches built in the Rococo style. Sigismund von Schrattenbach continued with the construction of "Sigmundstor" and the statue of holy Maria on the cathedral square. With the fall and division of the former "Fürsterzbistum Salzburg" (Archbishopric) to Upper Austria , Bavaria (Rupertigau) and Tyrol (Zillertal Matrei) began a long period of urban stagnancy. This era didn't end before

986-687: The Celtic Alums in the Kingdom of Noricum . After the Roman invasion in 15 BC, the various settlements on the Salzburg hills were abandoned, following the construction of the Roman city in the area of the old town. The recently created Municipium Claudium Juvavum was awarded the status of a Roman municipium in 45  CE and has become one of the most important cities of the now Roman province of Noricum . When

1044-650: The Congress of Vienna with the Treaty of Munich (1816) , Salzburg was definitively returned to Austria, but without Rupertigau and Berchtesgaden, which remained with Bavaria . Salzburg was integrated into the Province of Salzach and Salzburgerland was ruled from Linz . In 1850, Salzburg's status was restored as the capital of the Duchy of Salzburg , a crownland of the Austrian Empire . The city became part of Austria-Hungary in 1866 as

1102-730: The Kaiser-Franz-Josefs-Höhe visitors' centre at 2,369 m (7,772 ft). The popular overlook was named after a visit by Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria and his consort Elisabeth in 1856. It offers a panoramic view over the Pasterze Glacier , the Grossglockner massif, the Glocknerwand , and the Johannisberg in the northwest. From here the road runs downhill to the southern toll booth near Heiligenblut. When, in 1924,

1160-750: The Mönchsberg and Kapuzinerberg , which offer green relief within the city. Salzburg is approximately 150 km (93 mi) east of Munich , 281 km (175 mi) northwest of Ljubljana , Slovenia , and 300 km (186 mi) west of Vienna . Salzburg has about the same latitude as Seattle . Due to its proximity to the Austrian-German border, the greater Salzburg urban area has sometimes (unoffcially) been thought of as if it included contiguous parts of Germany: Freilassing (until 1923 known as Salzburghofen), Ainring and Piding . Public transport planning and multiple public transport lines stretch across

1218-405: The market rights and minting rights (probably also the toll law). The first part of Hohensalzburg Fortress was built in 1077. A city judge was first mentioned in a document in 1120/30. On the left bank of the Salzach an extensive spiritual district was created with the cathedral, the bishop's residence north-west of the cathedral, the cathedral monastery on its south side, St Peter's monastery and

SECTION 20

#1733094548097

1276-511: The monasteries and the early carcass houses dominated the medieval city for a long time. The Cathedral of Archbishop Conrad of Wittelsbach was the largest basilica north of the Alps . The choir of the Franciscan Church , construction was begun by Hans von Burghausen and completed by Stephan Krumenauer , is one of the most prestigious religious gothic constructions of southern Germany. At

1334-627: The 214th anniversary of the 95 Theses , Archbishop Count Leopold Anton von Firmian signed an Edict of Expulsion, the Emigrationspatent , directing all Protestant citizens to recant their non-Catholic beliefs. 21,475 citizens refused to recant their beliefs and were expelled from Salzburg. Most of them accepted an offer by King Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia , travelling the length and breadth of Germany to their new homes in East Prussia. The rest settled in other Protestant states in Europe and

1392-463: The 250th anniversary of the birth of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , all 35 churches of Salzburg rang their bells after 8:00 p.m. (local time) to celebrate the occasion. Major celebrations took place throughout the year. As of 2017 Salzburg had a GDP per capita of €46,100, which was greater than the average for Austria and most European countries. Salzburg is on the banks of the River Salzach , at

1450-569: The Benedictine nunnery on Nonnberg for his relative Erentrude . Salzburg has been the seat of a diocesan bishop since 739  CE and an archbishopric since 798  CE . The first cathedral was built under Archbishop Virgil. The Franciscan Church existed since the beginning of the 9th century at the latest. The Marienkirche dates from 1139. The first use of the German name Salzburg, meaning Salt-Castle , can be traced back to 739  CE when

1508-594: The British colonies in America. In 1772–1803, under archbishop Hieronymus Graf von Colloredo , Salzburg was a center of late Illuminism . Colloredo is known for being one of the main employers of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart . Colloredo often had arguments with Mozart and he dismissed him by saying, Soll er doch gehen, ich brauche ihn nicht! (He should go; I don't need him!). Mozart left Salzburg for Vienna in 1781 with his family, although his father Leopold stayed back, as he had

1566-511: The Europark Shopping Centre. (Architecture: Massimiliano Fuksas ) Salzburg has twenty-four urban districts and three extra-urban populations. Urban districts ( Stadtteile ): Extra-urban populations ( Landschaftsräume ): Salzburg is a tourist favorite, with the number of visitors outnumbering locals by a large margin in peak times. In addition to Mozart's birthplace noted above, other notable places include: Old Town Outside

1624-565: The Frauengarten (probably after a former women's convent that was dissolved in 1583). Only during the 12th century did the civil settlement begin to spread into the Getreidegasse, the Abtsgasse (Sigmund Haffner-Gasse) and along the quay. Around 1280 the first city fortifications were created. The oldest known city law document dates from the year 1287. Independence from Bavaria was secured in

1682-558: The Old Town Greater Salzburg area Salzburg is a center of education and home to three universities, as well as several professional colleges and gymnasiums (high schools) . Salzburg Hauptbahnhof is served by comprehensive rail connections, with frequent east–west trains serving Vienna , Munich , Innsbruck , and Zürich , including daily high-speed ICE services. North–south rail connections also serve popular destinations such as Venice and Prague . The city acts as

1740-407: The border. The Köppen climate classification specifies Salzburg's climate as a humid continental climate (Dfb). However, with the −3 °C (27 °F) isotherm for the coldest month, Salzburg can be classified as having a four-season oceanic climate (Cfb) with significant temperature differences between seasons. Due to the location at the northern rim of the Alps, the amount of precipitation

1798-455: The building costs, and the users were to pay off this sum with a toll fee for usage. On 30 August 1930 at 9:30am, the first explosives roared in Ferleiten. Four years later, the moving force of the road building, the Salzburg provincial head of government Franz Rehrl, and the technician Franz Wallack climbed into their Steyr 100 car, and achieved the first alpine crossing in an automobile on

Fuscher Ache - Misplaced Pages Continue

1856-510: The capital city of the Federal State of Salzburg ( Land Salzburg ) and saw the Americans leave the area once Austria had signed a 1955 treaty re-establishing the country as a democratic and independent nation and subsequently declared its perpetual neutrality . In the 1960s, the city became the shooting location and setting of the family musical film The Sound of Music . On 27 January 2006,

1914-656: The capital of a crownland of the Austrian Empire. The nostalgia of the Romantic Era led to increased tourism. In 1892, a funicular was installed to facilitate tourism to Hohensalzburg Fortress . Following World War I and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Salzburg, as the capital of one of the Austro-Hungarian territories, became part of the new German Austria . In 1918, it represented

1972-620: The character of the Großglockner High Alpine Road: from the only transalpine road over the 158-kilometre (98 mi) main alpine crest between the Brenner Pass and the Katschberg Pass , to an excursion road from a catchment area with a radius of around 130 kilometres (81 mi). The Glockner Road also reflects the material advance of the people: in the early years, the motorcycle – as the poor man's car – accounted for up to

2030-737: The city's buildings, especially those around Salzburg railway station. Although the town's bridges and the dome of the cathedral were destroyed, much of its Baroque architecture remained intact. As a result, Salzburg is one of the few remaining examples of a town of its style. American troops entered the city on 5 May 1945 and it became the centre of the American-occupied area in Austria . Several displaced persons camps were established in Salzburg—among them Riedenburg, Camp Herzl (Franz-Josefs-Kaserne), Camp Mülln, Bet Bialik, Bet Trumpeldor, and New Palestine. After World War II, Salzburg became

2088-526: The city's independence led to an increase in wealth and prosperity, culminating in the late 16th to 18th centuries under the Prince Archbishops Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau , Markus Sittikus , and Paris Lodron . It was in the 17th century that Italian architects (and Austrians who had studied the Baroque style) rebuilt the city center as it is today along with many palaces. On 31 October 1731,

2146-614: The city. Political opponents, Jewish citizens and other minorities were subsequently arrested and deported to concentration camps. The synagogue was destroyed. After Germany invaded the Soviet Union, several POW camps for prisoners from the Soviet Union and other enemy nations were arranged in the city. During the Nazi occupation, a Romani camp was built in Salzburg-Maxglan. It

2204-499: The construction of the residential well. Giovanni Gaspare Zuccalli , by order of the same archbishop, created the Erhard and the Kajetan church in the south of the town. The city's redesign was completed with buildings designed by Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach , donated by Prince Archbishop Johann Ernst von Thun. After the era of Ernst von Thun, the city's expansion came to a halt, which

2262-417: The economic output dropped by a quarter, and unemployment rate reached 26%. The government then revived the Grossglockner project to give work to 3,200 (from an average of 520,000 jobless). The project was extended to a width of 6 metres (20 ft) to serve the needs of the "excessive international traffic" – which was roundly mocked – in the belief that an annual 120,000 visitors would come. The State advanced

2320-659: The end of the Gothic era Nonnberg Abbey , the Margaret Chapel in St Peter's Abbey , St George's Chapel, and the stately halls of the "Hoher Stock" in Hohensalzburg Fortress were constructed. Inspired by Vincenzo Scamozzi , Prince-Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau began to transform the medieval town to the architectural ideals of the late Renaissance . Plans for a massive cathedral by Scamozzi failed to materialize upon

2378-570: The fall of the archbishop. A second cathedral planned by Santino Solari rose as the first early Baroque church in Salzburg. It served as an example for many other churches in Southern Germany and Austria . Markus Sittikus and Paris von Lodron continued to rebuild the city with major projects such as Hellbrunn Palace , the prince archbishop's residence, the university buildings, fortifications, and many other buildings. Giovanni Antonio Daria managed by order of Prince Archbishop Guido von Thun

Fuscher Ache - Misplaced Pages Continue

2436-720: The late 14th century. Salzburg was the seat of the Archbishopric of Salzburg , a prince-bishopric of the Holy Roman Empire . As the Reformation movement gained steam, riots broke out among peasants in the areas in and around Salzburg. The city was occupied during the German Peasants' War , and the Archbishop had to flee to the safety of the fortress. It was besieged for three months in 1525. Eventually, tensions were quelled, and

2494-494: The middle of Salzburg's old town (winner of the architecture award of Salzburg 2010 ). Other examples of contemporary architecture lie outside the old town: the Faculty of Science building (Universität Salzburg – Architecture Willhelm Holzbauer ) built on the edge of free green space, the blob architecture of Red Bull Hangar-7 (Architecture: Volkmar Burgstaller ) at Salzburg Airport, home to Dietrich Mateschitz 's Flying Bulls and

2552-547: The name was used in Willibald 's report on the organization of the Bavarian dioceses by Saint Boniface . The name derives from the barges carrying salt on the River Salzach , which were subject to a toll in the 8th century as was customary for many communities and cities on European rivers. Hohensalzburg Fortress , the city's fortress was built on the site of a Roman fort in 1077 by Archbishop Gebhard, who made it his residence. It

2610-402: The northern boundary of the Alps . The mountains to Salzburg's south contrast with the rolling plains to the north. The closest alpine peak, the 1,972‑metre-high Untersberg , is less than 16 km (10 mi) from the city center. The Altstadt , or "old town", is dominated by its baroque towers and churches and the massive Hohensalzburg Fortress . This area is flanked by two smaller hills,

2668-579: The northern toll booth at Ferleiten (near Fusch ) with numbered hairpin curves up to Hochtor Pass, with a 1.5 km (0.93 mi) branch-off from Fuscher Törl at 2,428 m (7,966 ft) to the Edelweißspitze viewpoint at 2,571 m (8,435 ft). The scenic route crosses the Alpine divide in a tunnel and runs southwards passing another branch-off which leads to the Glocknerhaus mountain hut and

2726-546: The old town), the "Lepi" (public baths in Leopoldskron ) (built 1964), and the original 1957 constructed congress-center of Salzburg, which was replaced by a new building in 2001. An important and famous example of the architecture of this era is the 1960 opening of the Großes Festspielhaus by Clemens Holzmeister . Adding contemporary architecture to Salzburg's old town without risking its UNESCO World Heritage status

2784-527: The period of promoterism ( Gründerzeit ) brought new life into urban development. The builder dynasty Jakob Ceconi and Carl Freiherr von Schwarz filled major positions in shaping the city in this era. Buildings of classical modernism and in particular, post-war modernism is frequently encountered in Salzburg. Examples are the Zahnwurzen house (a house in the Linzergasse ;22 in the right center of

2842-539: The province of Noricum collapsed in 488 at the beginning of the migration period , part of the Romano-Celtic population remained in the country. In the 6th century they came under the rule of the Baiuvarii . The Life of Saint Rupert credits the 8th-century saint with the city's rebirth, when around 696  CE , Bishop Rupert of Salzburg received the remains of the Roman town from Duke Theodo II of Bavaria as well as

2900-405: The residual German-speaking territories of the Austrian heartlands. This was replaced by the First Austrian Republic in 1919, after the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919) . The Anschluss (the occupation and annexation of Austria, including Salzburg, into Nazi Germany ) took place on 12 March 1938, one day before a scheduled referendum on Austria's independence. German troops moved into

2958-484: The road could only be traversed for 132 days, but in 1963 the road could be traversed for 276 days. The Grossglockner High Alpine Road is normally open from the beginning of May to the end of October. Grossglockner has been featured in the men's Giro d'Italia twice so far. The first time was in the 17th stage of the 1971 Giro d'Italia , won by Pierfranco Vianelli . At that time it became the first, and so far only, Cima Coppi to be located outside of Italy. Grossglockner

SECTION 50

#1733094548097

3016-439: The road's attraction for tourists in 1938 brought 375,000 visitors in 98,000 vehicles. After the Second World War it took until 1952 before the pre-war record was surpassed with 412,000 visitors and 91,000 vehicles. In 1962, 360,000 vehicles and 1.3 million visitors crossed the pass. The opening of the Felbertauern Road (1967) and the Tauern Motorway (1975) throttled traffic by nearly 15 per cent, but it also permanently changed

3074-399: The second being "-burg" from Proto-West-Germanic : *burg conveying the same meaning as Latin : oppidum , lit.   'fortified settlement, city' and not that of the New High German : Burg , lit. 'fortress'. The area of the city has been inhabited continuously since the Neolithic Age until the present. In the La Tène period it was an administrative centre of

3132-433: The years 1936 and 1937, 350 men shovelled 250,000 cubic metres (8,800,000 cu ft) of snow in an average of seventy days to keep at least one lane on the road free. Since 1953, the five Wallack rotary plows, and twelve GROHAG workers, have been clearing 600,000 to 800,000 cubic metres (21,000,000 to 28,000,000 cu ft) of snow from the road and parking areas in around fourteen days every year in April. In 1937,

3190-469: Was an Arbeitserziehungslager (work 'education' camp), which provided slave labor to local industry. It also operated as a Zwischenlager (transit camp), holding Roma before their deportation to German camps or ghettos in German-occupied territories in eastern Europe. Salzburg was also the location of five subcamps of the Dachau concentration camp . Allied bombing destroyed 7,600 houses and killed 550 inhabitants. Fifteen air strikes destroyed 46 percent of

3248-404: Was constructed for American soldiers of the postwar occupation and could be used for refugees when they left. Around 1950, Salzburg passed the mark of 100,000 citizens, and in 2016, it reached the mark of 150000 citizens. Salzburg is home to large German, Bosnian, Serbian, and Romanian communities. Largest groups of immigrants by 1 January 2021 : The Romanesque and Gothic churches ,

3306-401: Was featured for a second time in 13th stage of the 2011 Giro d'Italia . It was José Rujano who arrived first, after an escape with Alberto Contador . Salzburg Salzburg is the fourth-largest city in Austria . In 2020, it had a population of 156,852. The town is on the site of the Roman settlement of Iuvavum . Salzburg was founded as an episcopal see in 696 and became

3364-401: Was greatly expanded during the following centuries. This site is not the site of the Roman castrum superius , which was located on the Nonnberg nearby. The state of Salzburg and its counties soon gained more and more influence and power within Bavaria due to the flourishing salt mining and the wide-ranging missionary activities. In 996 Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor rented Archbishop Hartwig

#96903