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22-760: The Funiu are an eastern extension of the Qins , running south of the Yellow River after its southern return from the Ordos Loop . The hills to its east bear the headwaters to tributaries to the Huai . During the Chinese Civil War , the eastern foothills of the Funius were the site of a 1947 Communist victory over the Nationalist army . The geographer Zheng Ruoceng considered

44-836: A rhotic accent. Ethnic groups are comparatively more diverse in southern regions. Rhotic accent is usually absent from the Mandarin spoken there. Different dialects are less mutually intelligible, and additional languages such as Cantonese or Hokkien are spoken. Patrilineage organizations are larger and more integrated in rural southern regions, possibly due to merges and competition for territory. A series of studies on regional differences in China suggest that people from places that grow wheat have different social styles and thought styles from those in rice-growing regions. Respondents from northern China are found to be more individualistic, think more analytically, and more open to strangers. Those from

66-553: A central storage facility in the Qinling mountain range, though some are kept at smaller regional storage facilities." Northern and southern China Northern China ( Chinese : 中国北方 or 中国北部 ; lit. 'China's North') and Southern China (Chinese: 中国南方 or 中国南部 ; lit. 'China's South') are two approximate regions that display certain differences in terms of their geography, demographics, economy, and culture. The Qinling–Daba Mountains serve as

88-515: A peak in the 18th century in the Qinling Mountains. The region is home to the endemic Qinling panda ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca qinlingensis ), a brown-and-white subspecies of the giant panda ( A. melanoleuca ), which is protected with the help of the Changqing and Foping nature reserves . An estimated 250 to 280 pandas live in the region, which is thought to represent around one-fifth of

110-560: Is about 100 kilometers (62 mi) west of the ancient Chinese capital of Xi'an . Three culturally significant peaks in the range are Mount Hua (2,155 meters or 7,070 feet), Mount Li (1,302 meters or 4,272 feet), and Mount Maiji (1,742 meters or 5,715 feet). The environment of the Qin Mountains is a deciduous forest ecoregion . The Qin Mountains form the watershed of the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins; historically,

132-448: Is consequently somewhat impoverished in regard to fertility and species diversity. Furthermore, the mountains have also acted in the past as a natural defense against nomadic invasions from the north, as only four passes cross the mountains. In the late 1990s a railway tunnel and a spiral were completed, thereby easing travel across the range. The highest mountain in the range is Mount Taibai at 3,767 meters (12,359 ft), which

154-530: Is one of the largest amphibians in the world, and is critically endangered ; it is locally pursued for food, and for use of its body parts in traditional Chinese medicine . An environmental education program is being undertaken to encourage sustainable management of wild populations in the Qin Mountains, and captive-breeding programs have also been set up. According to the Nuclear Information Project, China "keeps most of its nuclear warheads at

176-618: Is simple and not resilient to droughts. Many southern regions are subtropical and green year round. The winters are short. They often experience typhoons and the East Asian monsoon in the summer. The ecology is complex, and floods are more common. The northern regions are easier to cultivate . Hardy crops such as corn , sorghum , soybeans , and wheat are grown, and one to two crops are produced each year. The growing season lasts four to six months. Wheat-based food such as bread, dumplings , and noodles are more common. Cultivation of

198-583: The Nanshan ("Southern Mountains"), are a major east–west mountain range in southern Shaanxi Province, China. The mountains mark the divide between the drainage basins of the Yangtze and Yellow River systems, providing a natural boundary between North and South China and support a huge variety of plant and wildlife, some of which is found nowhere else on earth. To the north is the densely populated Wei River valley, an ancient center of Chinese civilization. To

220-681: The kung fu of the Buddhist monks of the Funius second in China after that practiced by the monks of Shaolin . They specialized in staves . The mountains are also the namesake of the Funiu White , a Chinese goat breed . [REDACTED] Media related to Funiu Mountains at Wikimedia Commons This article related to a mountain or hill in China is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Qin Mountains The Qinling ( Chinese : 秦岭 ) or Qin Mountains , formerly known as

242-428: The understory . The region is home to a large number of rare plants, of which around 3,000 have been documented. Plant and tree species native to the region include ginkgo ( Ginkgo biloba —thought to be one of the oldest species of tree in the world), as well as Huashan or Armand pine ( Pinus armandii ), Huashan shen ( Physochlaina infundibularis ), Acer miaotaiense and Chinese fir . Timber harvesting reached

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264-564: The entire wild giant panda population. The Qinling Mountains are also home to many other species of wildlife, including numerous birds , like the crested ibis , Temminck's tragopan , golden eagle , black throat and golden pheasants , as well as mammals like the Asiatic golden cat , Asiatic black bear , clouded leopard , golden takin , golden snub-nosed monkey , yellow-throated marten , and leopard . The Chinese giant salamander ( Andrias davidianus ), at 1.8 meters (5 ft 11 in),

286-742: The fancy diets of the Southerners, who are physically frail, live in a different environment, and have different stomachs and bowels. During the Republican period , Lu Xun , a major Chinese writer, wrote: According to my observation, Northerners are sincere and honest; Southerners are skilled and quick-minded. These are their respective virtues. Yet sincerity and honesty lead to stupidity, whereas skillfulness and quick-mindedness lead to duplicity. Northern regions of China have long winters that are cold and dry, often below freezing, and long summers that are hot and humid. Transitional periods are short. The ecology

308-810: The former was home to deciduous broadleaf forests, while the latter has milder winters with more rainfall, and was generally covered in warmer, temperate, evergreen broadleaf forests. Thus, the Qin Mountains are commonly used as the demarcation line between northern and southern China . The low-elevation forests of the Qin foothills are dominated by temperate deciduous trees, like oaks ( Quercus acutissima , Q. variabilis ), elm ( Ulmus spp.), common walnut ( Juglans regia ), maple ( Acer spp.), ash ( Fraxinus spp.) and Celtis spp. Evergreen species of these low-elevation forests include broadleaf chinquapins ( Castanopsis sclerophylla ), ring-cupped oaks ( Quercus glauca ), and conifers , like Pinus massoniana . At

330-450: The middle elevations, conifers, like Pinus armandii , are mixed with broadleaf birch ( Betula spp.), oaks ( Quercus spp.), and hornbeams ( Carpinus spp.); from about 2,600 to 3,000 meters (8,500 to 9,800 ft), these mid-elevation forests give way to a subalpine forest of firs ( Abies fargesii , A. chensiensis ), Cunninghamia , and birch ( Betula spp.), with rhododendrons ( Rhododendron fastigiatum ) abundant in

352-511: The north initially developed faster due to planned economic policies , Soviet aid , and its concentration of construction and resource extraction industries. After market reforms , however, the south took the lead due to manufacturing and eventually high-tech industries, as well as continued internal migration into the region. A research showed that life expectancy was slightly higher in Southern China compared to Northern China. In 2018, it

374-756: The north to the south, especially its coastal areas and along major rivers. After the fall of the Han dynasty , The Southern and Northern Dynasties (420–589) ruled their respective part of China before re-uniting under the Tang dynasty . During the Qing dynasty , regional differences and identification in China fostered the growth of regional stereotypes. Such stereotypes often appeared in historic chronicles and gazetteers and were based on geographic circumstances, historical and literary associations (e.g. people from Shandong , were considered upright and honest) and Chinese cosmology (as

396-515: The south is the Han River valley. To the west is the line of mountains along the northern edge of the Tibetan Plateau . To the east are the lower Funiu and Dabie Mountains, which rise out of the coastal plain. The northern side of the range is prone to hot weather, the rain shadow cast by the physical barrier of the mountains dictating that the land to the north has a semi-arid climate, and

418-625: The south was associated with the fire element, Southerners were considered hot-tempered). These differences were reflected in Qing dynasty policies, such as the prohibition on local officials to serve their home areas, as well as conduct of personal and commercial relations. In 1730, the Kangxi Emperor made the observation in the Tingxun Geyan (庭訓格言): The people of the North are strong; they must not copy

440-401: The southern regions are more likely to think holistically, interdependent, and draw a larger distinction between friends and strangers. The difference was attributed to the growing of rice, which often requires the sharing labor and managing shared irrigation infrastructure. Traveling between places tends to be easier in northern regions where the terrain is more even. As China modernized,

462-651: The southern regions began later in history. Warm temperatures and abundant rainfall help produce rice and tropical fruits . Two to three crops can be grown each year, and the growing season lasts nine to twelve months. Rice-based food is more common. Jones Lamprey, a British army surgeon in 1868, writes that northerners have lighter skin tones than southerners, although the shade can change greatly from season to season depending on an individual's exposure to sunlight when performing manual labor outdoors. Northerners are often taller than southerners. Variants of Mandarin are widely spoken in northern regions and often with

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484-513: The transition zone between northern and southern China. They approximately coincide with the 0 degree Celsius isotherm in January, the 800 millimetres (31 in) isohyet , and the 2,000-hour sunshine duration contour. The Huai River basin serves a similar role, and the course of the Huaihe has been used to set different policies to the north and the south. Historically, populations migrated from

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