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111-466: The park is one of Sweden's most recent, inaugurated in September 2002 by King Carl XVI Gustaf at a ceremony attended by a few thousand spectators. The park has become one of the initial PAN Parks , an international project to combine preservation with tourism. The Fulufjället massif is a high plateau deeply gouged by several rivers that flow into the mighty river Dalälven , which, far downstream, creates

222-473: A head of state in parliamentary regimes, such as the formal appointment of the prime minister, signing legislation into law, and being commander-in-chief of the nation's military. The new instrument explicitly limited the king to ceremonial and representative functions, while he retained the right to be regularly informed of affairs of state. As head of the House of Bernadotte , Carl Gustaf has also been able to make

333-478: A car model which is said to be a particular favourite of his, as well as a vintage Volvo PV444 , a Ferrari 456 M GT, an AC Cobra and other cars. The first pictures taken of him and his future wife were of them sitting in his Porsche 911. In the summer of 2005 he was involved in a traffic accident in Norrköping . The accident was described as a "fender bender", with no serious personal injuries claimed. Nevertheless,

444-676: A crown reserve ( domänreservat ), which was the ancestor of the natural reserve in Sweden. In 1946, 365 ha (900 acres) of forest along the Göljån was similarly classified. Then 350 ha (860 acres) around Lövåsen were as well, and finally the reserve at Njupeskär was expanded to 342.2 ha (846 acres) in 1960. In 1964, the Njupeskär area became a natural park and was expanded to 525 ha (1,300 acres), and expanded again to 1,447 ha (3,580 acres) in 1970. In parallel, most of Fulufjället obtained

555-534: A deep valley and enters into a flat country, uniquely marked by some eskers . During the remaining 120 kilometres (75 mi) that it travels to the sea, the river, now called the Lower Dalälven ( Nedre Dalälven ), alternates between large bays ( fjärdar ) and rapids . This section is also characterized by regular flooding, sometimes over vast areas. The first rapids are those at Avesta, called Storfors and Lillfors ( big chute and little chute ), after which

666-451: A distinctive vegetation and a great natural richness in a relatively intact state". It was the first Swedish national park established in the mountains since Padjelanta in 1962. The official inauguration was held 17 September 2002, in the presence of the king Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden . The park is also part of the Natura 2000 Network since 1995 and is classified a Special Protection Area for

777-595: A figurehead, he also voluntarily abstains from voting in Swedish elections. King Carl Gustaf holds the highest ranks in the three branches of the Swedish Armed Forces ; this is due to the fact that he was, as stipulated by § 14 of the 1809 Instrument of Government in effect at the time of his accession to the throne in 1973, the Commander-in-Chief ( Swedish : Högste Befälhavare ; not to be confused with

888-452: A great number of species of moss ; the park has more than a third of all the species of moss in the country. The animal life in these areas is also relatively rich. The zone is particularly important to the brown bear , which likes to hibernate the winter away in dens along the mountainside. In spring, the brown bears descent to the plains, and only return to the mountain when the berries do. These terrains are also favored stomping grounds of

999-600: A little less than 1 m (3 ft 3 in) meter in height. The tombs held arrowheads and spears. Another notable site is the Altarringen, an oval wall 5 m (16 ft) in diameter and 1 m (3 ft 3 in) high. In the middle of this ruin, an altar was created. Dating this ruin is difficult because of the numerous restorations it underwent. However, during the Viking Age , some permanent settlements were constructed around Mora, for example, and one can figure that

1110-437: A non-democratic form of government it is still an open country. Both statements made public support for the monarchy reach the lowest numbers in many years. Public trust increased, however, after the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami where many Swedes died. The Swedish prime minister Göran Persson then failed to carry out his constitutional obligation to inform the king on matters of state which resulted in criticism of

1221-579: A number of controversial statements considered political. In his critique of Norwegian Prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland and her Norwegian seal hunt policy, he questioned whether someone who could not take care of the seal problem really could take care of the Norwegian people. In 2004, after a state visit to Brunei , he praised Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah and called Brunei a really open country, despite Brunei's controversial human rights history. In 2023 Carl Gustaf said that while he understands that Brunei has

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1332-429: A number of decisions about the titles and positions of its members. In June 1976, Carl Gustaf married Silvia Sommerlath . They have three children: Victoria , Carl Philip , and Madeleine . The King's heir apparent , after passage on 1 January 1980 of a new law establishing absolute primogeniture , is his eldest child, Crown Princess Victoria. Before the passage of that law, Victoria's younger brother, Carl Philip,

1443-432: A patchy fashion, extremely numerous some years and almost absent others. This phenomenon is still not entirely understood. The wooded slopes are host to their own bird species, in particular the ring ouzel , the common raven , and the golden eagle . More generally, the forests have Eurasian three-toed woodpeckers , parrot crossbills , red crossbills , common redstarts , bramblings and Siberian jays , which last bird

1554-598: A response the Saudi Arabian Ambassador to Sweden was recalled and a military co-operation agreement between the two nations was ended. The Swedish government then reportedly asked for the king's help in solving the crisis. He then wrote a letter to the Saudi Arabian king and shortly thereafter diplomatic relations went back to normal. Carl Gustaf's role in solving the crisis, and his statement regarding said role during which he claimed to have "good relations" with

1665-475: A speech on 6 August 2011 at the closing ceremony with more than 40,000 people watching. The band Europe also performed for him singing "The Final Countdown". King Carl Gustaf made an appearance at the 2013 Boy Scouts of America National Jamboree in West Virginia. So empowered as head of the House of Bernadotte , King Carl Gustaf since he was enthroned in 1973 has made a number of personal decisions regarding

1776-465: A statute of protection, although relatively weak. In 1973, the entire area, totaling 38,060 ha (94,000 acres) came under the statute of natural reserves. In 1990, the pasturing of reindeer was forbidden. In 1989, Fulufjället appeared in Naturvårdsverket 's plan for the creation of new national parks. Negotiation with local authorities began the following year, but the project met opposition from

1887-571: A stone axe near the river Fulan. These people were hunter-gatherers, and had no fixed settlement, which remained the case up until the Iron Age. Four Iron Age funerary cairns are among the most notable traces of that era. They are the only ones that have been discovered in Dalarna. They can be found in the northeast of the plateau, 2 km (1.2 mi) southeast of Njupeskär, and measure 2 to 4 m (6 ft 7 in to 13 ft 1 in) in length and

1998-453: A total area of more than 20 km (7.7 sq mi), which is relatively little compared to the surrounding mountains. The Fulufjället massif is mostly sandstone. The sandstone was formed 900 million years ago, when this part of the Baltic tectonic plate was located near the equator. The climatic conditions there were thus desertic and the wind blew huge quantities of sand from the dunes into

2109-511: Is King of Sweden . Carl Gustaf was born during the reign of his paternal great-grandfather, King Gustaf V . He is the youngest child and only son of Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten , and Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha . His father died in January 1947 in an airplane crash in Denmark when Carl Gustaf was nine months old. Carl Gustaf became crown prince and heir apparent to

2220-465: Is a river in central Sweden that flows from the north of Dalarna and runs into the sea in northern Uppland ; it is commonly considered to be the southern border of Norrland , however only the last part correlates with Limes Norrlandicus (the biological Norrland border). The northern part is split into two rivers: Österdalälven (East Dal) and Västerdalälven (West Dal). The two connect in Djurås . It

2331-410: Is in zone 3, the high activity zone. This zone includes most of the tourism infrastructure, such as the trails and the cabins. Fishing is authorized there. Finally, zone 4 (about 1% of the area of the park) corresponds to a radius of about 200 m (660 ft) around the points of strong concentration of visitors, which is to say the entrances, the waterfall of Njupeskär and the valley of Göljån, where

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2442-430: Is its richness in lichens, with in particular the vast carpets of reindeer lichen and of fönsterlav , not affected there by the pasture of domestic reindeer, unlike most of the Swedish mountains. It is also in these inaccessible areas that one finds Old Tjikko , a Norway spruce 9,550 yr (301,000 Ms) old, making it one of the oldest trees in the world. Few animals live in these areas; birds, mostly, such as

2553-767: Is itself born of the confluence of two rivers, the Görälven and Fuluälven. These rivers have their sources not far from each other in Älvdalen Municipality in the Scandinavian Mountains . Fuluälven heads south along the east face of the mountain Fulufjället , while the Görälven flanks Fulufjället to the west, crossing the frontier with Norway where it takes the name Ljøra . After the confluence this river continues south, passing Sälen and then Malung and forking east to arrive in Vansbro Municipality . At Vansbro , it

2664-676: Is met by the Vanån , its principal tributary. Its course then becomes more sinuous, tracing broad loops. It then enters Gagnef Municipality where it joins Österdalälven. After the junction of the Österdalälven and Västerdalälven, the river heads east, passing Borlänge , Dalarna's largest city, then receiving the waters of the Lillälven, itself fed by the Faluån , a river which goes through Falun , Dalarna's second largest city. The river then continues to Avesta where it strongly changes character. It leaves

2775-577: Is mostly a richness of birds that distinguishes the park's wetlands. It constitutes the southernmost extent in Sweden of the nesting area of many species, such as the greater scaup , the oldsquaw , the common scoter , and also a focus of important populations of red-necked phalarope , ruff , common greenshank and wood sandpiper . One also finds sometimes the Eurasian curlew , which is considered an endangered species. The lakes are mainly populated with Arctic char , brown trout , and burbot . The waters of

2886-488: Is one of the parts of Scandinavia farthest from the sea. It therefore possesses a continental climate . The average temperature in the park is about 1 °C, with relatively high rainfall (835 mm (32.9 in) per year on average). The weather survey at nearby Särna gives an indication; but, being situated in a valley, its climate is drier. Although winter is drier than summer, the snow cover typically persists for 175 to 200 days each year. However, Fulufjället's weather

2997-623: Is over 520 kilometres (320 mi) long — the second longest river in Sweden, and has a hydropower potential of 1420 megawatts , of which 2/3 is utilized. The largest power plant is located at the Trängslet Dam . Dalälven has been significant historically as a raft transport route. Nedre Dalälven River Landscape, Sweden, covers 308,000 hectares (1,190 sq mi) with a mixture of wetlands, rivers, lakes, flood plains and productive forests. It includes Lake Hovran and Färnebofjärden Bay Ramsar site. The region boasts high biodiversity , as

3108-450: Is particularly true of the German visitors. In winter, skiing is possible, but it is however relatively little popular due to the lack of dedicated trails. Ice climbing is also practiced on Njupeskär. Fishing is also allowed, upon the purchase of a permit. The children's song Mors lilla Olle by Alice Tegnér is set in the forests of Fulufjället. Its story is inspired by a real event: during

3219-725: Is probably best known as the presenter of the Nobel Prizes each year; the first Nobel laureate who received the prize from his hands was Leo Esaki . He also hands over the Polar Music Prize . The King holds honorary doctoral degrees from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , the Stockholm School of Economics and from the Åbo Akademi University in Finland. Carl Gustaf has made

3330-401: Is the first Swedish park to adopt this strict kind of zoning. The majority of the park (60%) is in zone 1, that is to say the untouchable zone: this space is the heart of the park and only has a tiny amount of tourism infrastructure. The south-east zone of the park (14%) is in zone 2, the low activity area. In this zone, elk hunting is allowed, but infrastructure is always limited. 25% of the park

3441-594: Is the lifting of the Earth's crust by the Iceland hotspot . Another hypothesis is isostasy connected to glaciation . This elevation seems to have been connected to different periods in the north and south of the Scandes, with the middle, between Trondheim and Östersund , a little depressed. In any case, this uplift allowed the formation of a vast flat zone several thousand meters high. This area then underwent intense erosion, giving

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3552-529: Is the park's symbol. Notable sights include Sweden's largest waterfall, Njupeskär , with a total height of 93 m (305 ft), and a free fall of 70 m (230 ft). Growing in the park is the Old Tjikko , one of the world's oldest trees. The origin of the name Fulufjället is not known for certain: the suffix -fjället means "the mountain", but the first part ( Fulu- ) is not clear. In Ortnamn i Dalarna , Harry Ståhl suggests that this word comes from

3663-712: Is the southernmost of the big rivers of northern Sweden. It extends 541 kilometres (336 mi) between the mountains of Dalarna and the Baltic Sea , which makes it the second longest river in the country after the Göta älv . However, the river changes names several times, and only becomes the Dalälven at the confluence of the Västerdalälven ( West Dalälven ) and the Österdalälven ( East Dalälven ), which happens at Djurås . The principal of these two rivers, Österdalälven, begins where

3774-440: Is the symbol of the park. Several marsh complexes exist in the park, but they are generally poor in vegetation, except for certain zones that the diabase rends richer in nutrients. However, along the mountainside streams, a rich carpet of vegetation was able to develop, with in particular alternate-leaved golden-saxifrage , chickweed willowherb , wolfsbane and wood stitchwort . At Njupeskär, conditions are especially favorable for

3885-444: Is very variable over time and space, both in terms of temperature and precipitation . In particular, the area experienced an extreme storm the night of 30–31 August 1997. At the lakes of Rösjöarna, 276 mm (10.9 in) of rain were collected in 24 h (86 ks) and the rainfall is estimated at 300 to 400 mm (16 in) further south. This was the largest amount of rain in a 24-hour period ever recorded in Sweden. There

3996-427: Is waterfall at Njupeskär, the tallest waterfall in Sweden at 93 m (305 ft), 70 m (230 ft) of which are free fall. The damage from a great storm in 1997, still visible not far from the waterfall, is also an important point of interest for the tourists. The park's main entrance, with parking, is situated near these two sites. Near this entrance you can find the park's visitor center, which has exhibits on

4107-604: The Storskiftet land amalgamation reform and England's abolition of customs on wood products in 1849, the logging stayed small-scale. Four major sawmill companies dominated the logging in River Dalälven: Korsnäs AB at Lake Runn ( Falun ), established in 1858; Kopparbergs och Hofors Sågverks Bolag at Lake Hosjön ( Falun ), which started in 1861 and bought its competitor Carlfors Sågverksbolag in 1874; Stora Kopparbergs Bergslags AB , which modernized its mill at

4218-515: The Caledonian orogen . This sandstone is called the Dalecarlian sandstone, or the sandstone of Trysil on the Norwegian side. It constitutes the largest sandstone area in Sweden and reaches a thickness of 1,200 m (3,900 ft). The sandstone is usually reddish, but can also be gray, yellow, or brown. At Fulufjället, the sandstone is veined with diabase . This diabase is particularly important in

4329-672: The Crown Prince and Crown Princess of Denmark (his paternal uncle and aunt), the Crown Prince of Norway , Princess Juliana of the Netherlands , the King of Sweden (his paternal great-grandfather), the Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (his maternal uncle), the Crown Prince and Crown Princess of Sweden (his paternal grandfather and step-grandmother), and Count Folke and Countess Maria Bernadotte of Wisborg . Prince Carl Gustaf

4440-485: The Eurasian lynx . Both species, brown bear and Eurasian lynx, are protected in Sweden. Besides the red fox , the other predators, which are the wolverine , the gray wolf and the Arctic fox , are much rarer and do not have a fixed location in the park. The park shelters an important population of moose that pass the summer on the mountain, but prefer to spend the winter in areas less snowy. There are no more wild reindeerin

4551-531: The Oslo Rift . This suggests that these diabases are connected to that rifting event. The same forces that created the rest of the Scandes also created Fulufjället. Indeed, from about 60 million years ago, the west coast of Scandinavia and the northeast coast of the Americas underwent an important tectonic uplift . The causes of this phenomenon are not clear and many hypotheses have been proposed. One of these hypotheses

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4662-639: The Special Council held during a change of Government ( Swedish : skifteskonselj ), holds regular Information Councils with the Prime Minister and the Cabinet ( Swedish : informationskonselj ), chairs the meetings of the Advisory Council on Foreign Affairs ( Swedish : Utrikesnämnden ), and receives Letters of Credence of foreign ambassadors to Sweden and signs those of Sweden to foreign nations. As

4773-576: The Swedish Army , the Royal Swedish Navy , and the Swedish Air Force . During the winter 1966–1967, he took part in a round-the-world voyage with the mine-laying vessel Älvsnabben . The Crown Prince received his commission as an officer in all three services in 1968, eventually rising to the rank of captain (in the army and air force) and lieutenant (in the navy), before his accession to

4884-538: The Swedish national parks , the management and administration are divided between the Swedish environmental protection agency and the administrative council of the counties of Sweden (Länsstyrelse). Naturvårdsverket is responsible for proposing new national parks, through consultation with the administrative councils of the counties and municipalities; their creation is approved by the Riksdag (Sweden's parliament). Once approved,

4995-517: The heir apparent of Sweden. Carl Gustaf was seven years old before he was told about his father's death. He expressed his feelings about growing up without knowing his father in a speech in 2005. Carl Gustaf's earliest education was received privately at the Royal Palace . He was then sent to Broms school, and then on to Sigtuna boarding school . After graduating from high school in 1966, Carl Gustaf completed two-and-a-half years of education in

5106-514: The willow warbler , the meadow pipit , the northern wheatear , and these rarer ones: the European golden plover , the Eurasian dotterel , the snow bunting , and the Lapland longspur . The willow ptarmigan is relatively common, whereas the rock ptarmigan is found only on the highest peaks. For many of these species, Fulufjället is the southernmost part of their range in Sweden. In the valleys and on

5217-769: The 100th Anniversary of World Scouting 2007 World Jamboree held in Hylands Park, England . He also attended the 1981 National Scout Jamboree in Virginia , United States, and was awarded the Bronze Wolf , the only distinction of the World Organization of the Scout Movement , awarded by the World Scout Committee for exceptional services to world Scouting, in 1982. He also attended the 22nd World Scout Jamboree . He gave

5328-470: The 2023 Nobel Prize Ceremony the Nobel Foundation announced that they intended to invite ambassadors from Russia , Belarus and Iran to attend the event. This sparked mass criticism and the royal court issued a statement saying the king was still deciding on whether or not to attend the ceremony, as has been tradition since it was first held. Many leaders of political parties also threatened to boycott

5439-473: The Alpes. Besides that, the national park would necessitate a certain number of restrictions on the locals such as banning of snowmobile use, hunting , and fishing. The council of administration of Älvdalen Municipality heard the locals' negative opinion, and so opposed itself to the creation of the park. Naturvårdsverket and Dalarna County thus changed their strategy, and surveyed the locals to learn how they thought

5550-572: The Fulufjället massif to the west, while the last three feed the river Fulan (also called Fuluälven), which runs along the massif to the east. The meeting of the Görälven and Fulan gives birth to the Västerdal River , which itself forms the great river Dalälven . One of the park's streams, Njupån, forms to the north of the plateau the waterfall Njupeskär , with a height of 93 m (305 ft) of which 70 m (230 ft) are free-fall, making it

5661-641: The King at the head of the Swedish delegation to the World Exposition in Osaka , Japan. Since his youth the present monarch has been a strong supporter of the Scout Movement in Sweden. Carl Gustaf has dyslexia , as do his daughter Crown Princess Victoria and his son Prince Carl Philip. On 15 September 1973, Carl Gustaf became King of Sweden upon the death of his grandfather, Gustaf VI Adolf. On 19 September, he took

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5772-467: The Norwegian frontier over more than 38,483 ha (95,090 acres) (which is 385 km (149 sq mi)). It borders, on the other side of this national frontier, Fulufjellet National Park , which has an area of more than 82.5 km (31.9 sq mi). It is relatively far from the large cities of the country, Stockholm being about 400 km (250 mi) away; the nearest railway station and airport are at Mora , 140 km (87 mi) from

5883-605: The Old Swedish fala meaning "pale" or "dim", like the names of the city of Falun and of the river Fulan. The mountain would have thus taken its name from the nearby river, or else from the city: a former road going from Trysil to Falun would indeed have gone over the mountain, and might therefore have been called "the mountain on Falun's road". Fulufjället National Park is in Älvdalen Municipality in Dalarna County , 25 km (16 mi) southwest of Särna . It extends along

5994-517: The Queen have maintained their business offices at the Royal Palace of Stockholm. King Carl Gustaf and Queen Silvia have three children and eight grandchildren: Prince Carl Philip was born the heir apparent . However, a constitutional reform, which was already under way at the time of his birth, made his elder sister, Victoria, the heir apparent and Crown Princess of Sweden on 1 January 1980, according to

6105-467: The Saudi King have both received criticism. The King's Golden Jubilee was celebrated in 2023. The celebrations included tours of all of Sweden's 21 counties, a jubilee banquet at the Royal Palace and a carriage procession through the streets of Stockholm. Leading up to that year and including it, beginning already in 2018, some of the most serious criticism ever published took place about Carl Gustaf and

6216-538: The Storån and Sörälven meet, near Idre . Both the Storån and Sörälven begin in Norway, but soon reach the northwest of Dalarna . After their confluence, the river enters into a series of narrow lakes (Idresjön, Alvrosfjorden, Kringelfjorden, Hedfjorden, Särnasjön, etc.). It then pools into the lake Trängsletsjön, 70 kilometres (43 mi) in length, formed by the Trängslet Dam . The river then arrives at Mora where it receives

6327-579: The Sweden-Norway frontier, which has existed since 1273. In that era, the massif was entirely Norwegian, but in 1644, Sweden succeeded in capturing Särna during the Torstenson War . However, in 1645, the Second Treaty of Brömsebro failed to clearly define the frontier, and not until 1751, after negotiations, was the current frontier established. If the wrangling over the border seemed to take forever, all

6438-428: The Swedish throne at the age of four when his grandfather Gustaf VI Adolf acceded to the throne in 1950. Carl Gustaf acceded to the throne upon his grandfather's death on 15 September 1973. Shortly after he became king, the new 1974 Instrument of Government took effect, formally stripping the monarchy of its remaining executive powers. As a result, Carl Gustaf no longer performs many of the duties normally accorded to

6549-892: The affairs of the Riksdag , Government, and Ministry for Foreign Affairs . The Crown Prince also spent time at the Swedish Mission to the United Nations and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA), worked at a bank in London and at the Swedish Embassy there, at the Swedish Chamber of Commerce in France, and at the Alfa Laval Company factory in France. In 1970, he represented

6660-401: The area, since it forms a much richer substrate than sandstone for vegetation. Additionally, it resists erosion better than sandstone and therefore forms prominent structures in the countryside. For example, the peak Brattfjället, highest zone in the park, is situated in one of the largest diabase zones. The diabase is a little less than 300 million years old, which corresponds to the formation of

6771-405: The balcony to acknowledge gathered crowds. At the cabinet meeting, the King declared that his regnal name would be Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden. He adopted "For Sweden – With the times" as his personal motto ( För Sverige – i tiden ). He is the foremost representative of Sweden and pays state visits abroad and receives those to Sweden, he opens the annual session of the Riksdag , chairs

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6882-408: The ceremony. Eventually the Foundation backed down on its decision. The King is the honorary chairman of the World Scout Foundation , and often participates in Scout activities both in Sweden and abroad. He regularly visits World Scout Jamborees , for instance the 1979 Dalajamb World Jamboree International Encampment hosted by Sweden, the 2002 World Jamboree held in Sattahip, Thailand , and

6993-413: The countryside the shape one sees today. However, unlike the southernmost sections of the Scandes, such as those around Sarek National Park , the countryside around Fulufjället is not particularly marked by glacial erosion. Indeed, even at the height of glaciation during the Quaternary period, when the mountain was covered by an ice sheet, the movement of the ice was feeble, and did not significantly erode

7104-405: The first permanent settlements would have been established in the valleys of Fulufjället before the year 1000. The villages of Särna, Heden and Idre were probably established in connection with wild reindeer hunting; a trade in reindeer products existed with all of Europe. However, this trade declined in the 14th century. In the Middle Ages, the area was frequently mapped, due to its location on

7215-423: The government. During a memorial ceremony held at Stockholm City Hall on 10 January 2005 the king gave a highly praised speech which restored support of the monarchy. Carl Gustaf has claimed to have played an important part in solving a diplomatic crisis with Saudi Arabia in 2015. This crisis began when Foreign Minister Margot Wallström criticized Saudi Arabia's form of government and human-rights situation. As

7326-581: The growth of wood sorrel , which does not normally grow so far south. These wetlands are also the most interesting areas for mosses and lichens; Fulufjället is one of the richest sites in all Sweden, with 394 species of moss and over 500 species of lichens found. The presence of these lichens is in part due to the fact that the park is not part of the territory of reindeer pasture. These areas of water are inhabited by Eurasian beaver , which had disappeared some years ago due to intensive hunting, but which have now recovered their original population. Besides this, it

7437-510: The highest point of the massif, is in Norway. On the Swedish side, in Fulufjället National Park, the highest point is Brattfjället at 1,042 m (3,419 ft), followed close behind by Storhön at 1,039 m (3,409 ft). At the southern and eastern extremities of the massif, the altitude drops brutally, about 600 m (2,000 ft) to the valley of Fuluälven. The plateau is gouged by several valleys, facing west (Bergådalen, Girådalen), south (Tangådalen) and east (Göljådalen). Fulufjället

7548-476: The highest waterfall in Sweden. The plateau, and in particular its southern part of less sharp topology, includes several important lakes, such as the Stora Rösjön (1.01 km (0.39 sq mi)), Stora and Lilla Harrsjön (0.77 and 0.65 km (0.30 and 0.25 sq mi)), Stora Getsjön (0.66 km (0.25 sq mi)), etc. These lakes are most often shallow and the abundance of precipitation refills them rapidly. This zone also includes many bogs with

7659-434: The ice sheet, 10,000 years ago. At that time, the Lower Dalälven was below sea level and was in the zone corresponding to today's Dalarna, which was the first area settled. The first settlers in the region settled the banks of the river and its tributaries, as well as the shore. They were hunter-gatherers. In the Lower Dalälven, which extended bit by bit, the eskers were the best sites for the first permanent settlements. It

7770-411: The incident caused national headlines. The king and queen of Sweden frequently travel to the Summer and Winter Olympic Games , including in 2014, 2016, 2018 and 2024. In 2016 the king intervened in the raging debate surrounding the proposed Nobel Center at Blasieholmen in central Stockholm, near the Nationalmuseum and old town, by stating that he thought the proposed structure was “too big and in

7881-405: The land is then bought by the state, through the intermediary of the Naturvårdsverket. The management of the park is then in the hands of the county, which is to say of the administrative council of Dalarna, in the case of Fulufjället National Park. The park is divided into four zones, which have different purposes, in order to reconcile the protection of the park and the welcoming of tourists. This

7992-432: The local population. One of the arguments in favor of the creation of the park, beyond the simple protection of nature, was that it would draw more tourists, especially foreigners; this was particularly important since while Idre and Sälen had succeeded in developing winter tourism, Särna had not. The project's opponents retorted that there was no reason that European tourists should choose to visit this distant mountain over

8103-575: The massif. Instead, the most marked erosion took place during the Tertiary period, entirely under a tropical climate . The park is situated in the WWF terrestrial ecoregion Scandinavian and Russian taiga , even though a significant portion is situated above the treeline, and therefore becomes more like the Scandinavian Montane Birch forest and grasslands ecoregion. Because of the weather and

8214-612: The military professional holding the position of Supreme Commander ) and therefore he was promoted ex officio from his earlier ranks of captain (Army & Air Force) and lieutenant (Navy), to general and admiral . Under the provisions of the Instrument of Government of 1974 , which became effective on 1 January 1975, the King no longer holds this constitutionally-mandated position, but he kept his ranks à la suite since he no longer has any military command authority, except over His Majesty's Military Staff . Worldwide, Carl XVI Gustaf

8325-469: The more so since the zone was so trivial. The area around the mountain was not settled until later. This began on the Norwegian side: there was at least one farm at Ljørdalen in 1528. Not until the 18th century did the Swedish part become populated, initially with cabins for transhumance, for example at Mörkret. Virtual villages grew up after the beginning of the 19th century at Gördalen, Storbäcken, Storbron, Hägnåsen, Mörkret, Tjärnvallen and Lillådalen. Many of

8436-402: The mountain ought to be used. Discussions continued following the publication of this study, and in 1999, the locals began to express favorable opinions. The park was no longer seen as a set of restrictions, but as an opportunity for the municipality. This led to the creation of the park in 2002. The official motive for the creation of the park was "to preserve an area of the central mountains with

8547-417: The mountainside, in contrast, the diabase and the better weather permit a richer vegetation. In particular, these areas are blanketed in forest, with the plant species varying with altitude: moor birch, Scots pine and Norway spruce cover 4,100 ha (10,000 acres), 3,500 ha (8,600 acres) and 5,000 ha (12,000 acres), respectively. The undergrowth also presents great diversity in plant life. To wit,

8658-526: The nature of the park and is the departure point for guided tours. It is also the starting point of many of the trails of the park, the park having 140 km (87 mi) of hiking trails. Among these trails, one can note a part of the Södra Kungsleden (Sälen- Storlien , totaling 350 km (220 mi)). The short hike (between 1 and 3 hours) is the most common activity, but a non-negligible proportion of visitors go on longer hikes (several days), which

8769-413: The ocean. These sediments were compacted at the bottom of the ocean and formed rock, specifically sandstone, in horizontal strata. This structure has been conserved, since it was little affected by the Caledonian orogeny . This sandstone formation is very different from the rock one typically finds in Sweden ( granite and gneiss ). It is also very different from the rest of the Scandes, which are part of

8880-487: The park are renowned for their abundance and have been protected since 1962. Unlike the Norwegian part of the massif, the Swedish part is relatively poorly studied from an archeological point of view; as is often the case in the mountains, human traces are light. The mountain was freed from ice about 8,000 to 10,000 years ago and the first humans arrived during the Stone Age, their presence attested to by certain relics, such as

8991-457: The park trails date from this era of transhumance. Up until the 18th century, the area was used as a common hunting ground and pasture. Even though the mines at Røros required vast quantities of wood and coal, Fulufjället's transport problems initially spared it from logging. It was not until the second part of the 19th century that the logging industry took hold of the region, the wood being transported then by timber rafting . The river Görälven

9102-476: The park, which is part of those few Swedish mountains not included in the area of pasture of domestic reindeer. Muskox , which left the area almost 4,000 years ago, were reintroduced in Norway and sometimes wander near the park. Among the smaller animals, one can cite the red squirrel , the European pine marten , and the mountain hare . Like other Swedish mountains, the Norway lemming is present in Fulufjället, but in

9213-691: The park. The park covers most of the Fulufjället massif (called Fulufjellet in Norwegian ), which is 35 km (22 mi) long, and which spans the border between Sweden and Norway, so that a small southwestern part of it is in Norway . This massif makes up part of the Transtrandsfjällen , which is the southernmost part of the Scandes in Sweden. Fulufjället is a plateau of an altitude between 900 and 1,000 m (3,000 and 3,300 ft) with some round peaks. Slottet, 1,047 m (3,435 ft) in altitude,

9324-400: The poverty of the soil, the plateau is mostly heath and bare dirt with only a few common juniper shrubs and some moor birches . The principal vascular plants one encounters are snowbed willow , Alpine bearberry , Alpine hawkweed , crowberry , cowberry , blue whortleberry and alpine azalea . But that which renders the vegetation of the Fulufjället plateau particularly unique in Sweden

9435-497: The preservation of birds since 1996. The park became one of the first parks of the European network of PAN Parks, created by the WWF to reconcile the protection of nature and tourism. At the moment of the inauguration of the Swedish park, the Norwegian part of the massif had no formal protection and did not appear in the plan for the creation of national parks of 1992. But this creation raised

9546-399: The principles of absolute primogeniture , which Sweden was the first recognised monarchy to adopt. King Carl Gustaf objected after the reform, not to the succession by females but to the fact that his son lost the position and title which he had had since birth. In February 2023, Carl Gustaf underwent "a surgical intervention with catheter technology in the heart area." Gustaf VI Adolf

9657-475: The question of the establishment of a national park on the Norwegian side, in order to have a more coherent protection of the whole massif. In 27   April 2012, the Fulufjellet National Park was created. Beyond the coherence of protection, one of the principal reasons for the establishment of that park was the presence of brown bears, a species classified as endangered in the country. Like most of

9768-513: The rapids at Gysinge and then another great fjärd, Hedesundafjärden-Bramsöfjärden. The river passes through the rapids at Söderfors towards Untrafjärden, then by the rapids of Untra towards Marmafjärden, and then the rapids of Lanforsen. Finally, goes through its last rapids at Älvkarleby before rejoining the Baltic Sea. The first settlers in the region of the Dalälven arrived after the retreat of

9879-461: The rapids of Domnarvet ( Borlänge ) in 1863; and the mill in Älvkarleby , which was replaced by Skutskär sawmill in 1870. Log driving in River Dalälven reached its peak in 1952, when about 30 million logs per year were driven. It ended in most of the river in 1970. However, in the river's lower reaches, the driving continued until 1971, with some final emptying of the stocks in 1972. In 1973

9990-522: The required regal assurance ( Swedish : Konungaförsäkran ) during an extraordinary meeting of the cabinet. Afterwards, he appeared before the parliament, diplomatic corps, court, etc. in the Hall of State at the Royal Palace where he was enthroned on the Silver Throne and gave a speech. Both the cabinet meeting and ceremony at the Hall were broadcast live on television. Following the ceremonies, he appeared on

10101-516: The river forms a clear border zone between the northern and southern flora and fauna of Northern Europe . Agriculture and forestry have evolved as a result of changes in the steel and iron industries. More than 100 ‘Leader+ projects’ designed for sustainable development testify to the high dynamism of the region. The biosphere reserve benefits from a highly participatory governance system as well as numerous partnerships with universities and research centres for environmental monitoring . The Dalälven

10212-473: The river forms the lake Bäsingen, then the rapids Näs bruk , then the lake Bysjön. It forms the frontier between Västmanland County to the south and Dalarna County to the north. It then forms the rapids at Tyttbo, and right after, one of its largest fjärds, that of Färnebofjärden National Park , forming the frontier between Uppsala County to the south and Gävleborg County to the north. More than 200 islands are strewn over this fjärd. The river continues to

10323-506: The south-facing slopes are principally covered in Scots pines and their undergrowth strongly resembles heath, with in particular common heather and crowberry. The rest of the coniferous forests include most often whortleberry, northern oak fern , woundwort , and common cow-wheat . The soil rich in diabase allows the growth of more demanding plants, such as Alpine blue-sow-thistle , wood cranesbill and northern wolfsbane . These zones also have

10434-445: The throne. He also completed his academic studies in history , sociology , political science , tax law , and economics at Uppsala University and later economics at Stockholm University . To prepare for his role as the head of state , Crown Prince Carl Gustaf followed a broad program of studies on the court system, social organisations and institutions, trade unions , and employers' associations. In addition, he closely studied

10545-471: The titles and positions of relatives and family members, including the demotion of a sister, elevation of several commoners to royalty, rebuff of an elderly uncle's wishes and the creation of new Swedish titles and duchies. The King married Silvia Sommerlath , whose father was German and whose mother was Brazilian, and who had grown up in both countries. They met at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, where she

10656-464: The traces of a great flood are still visible. The park is the southernmost of Sweden's mountain parks, and so closest of these parks to the majority of the country's population. It welcomed 53,000 visitors in 2003 (of which 80% arrived in the summer), which is an increase of about 40% compared to 2001, before the creation of the national park. About a third of these visitors are from outside Sweden, mainly from Germany . The main motivation of these visits

10767-419: The unique topography of Färnebofjärden National Park . The geography is dominated by lichen , bare mountains, and valleys with dense old-growth forest . The heaths of brush, grass and lichens are unique in the Scandinavian Mountains , a result of the absence of grazing reindeers . The park is a notable location for several species of birds, as well as brown bears and Eurasian lynx . The bold Siberian jay

10878-597: The waters of the Oreälven , one of its major tributaries and empties itself immediately after into the Lake Siljan , the largest lake in the entire catchment area, and the seventh largest in all of Sweden, with a surface area of 292 kilometres (181 mi). This lake is formed by the largest impact crater in western Europe, of a diameter of 75 kilometres (47 mi). The river leaves the lake at Leksand and continues south to its confluence with Västerdalälven. Västerdalälven

10989-399: The way his monarchy has developed. Support for the monarchy overall remained strong in the Swedish public, however, in large part due to the popularity of Crown Princess Victoria . The king is passionate about the environment, technology, agriculture, trade, and industry. Like many members of the Swedish royal family, he has a keen interest in automobiles. He owns several Porsche 911s ,

11100-513: The winter of 1850–1851, four children were playing in the forest. One of them, Jon, was just one and a half. They met a bear and its cub. Jon crawled to the bear, who caressed him and fed him berries. When the toddler's mother arrived, she screamed, which made the bears flee. The little boy had thought that the bears were big black dogs. A KLM Boeing 777-300 is named after Fulufjället National Park. Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden Carl XVI Gustaf (Carl Gustaf Folke Hubertus; born 30 April 1946)

11211-464: The wrong place” and that it “could be relocated”. Following the 2018 election the City of Stockholm abandoned the original proposal opting instead for creating new plans near Slussen . In December 2020, the king said Sweden's approach to dealing with COVID-19 had failed. Prime Minister Stefan Löfven said that "the fact that so many have died can't be considered as anything other than a failure". Before

11322-468: Was also given the title of the Duke of Jämtland . His father, Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten , was killed in an airplane crash on 26 January 1947 at Copenhagen Airport . His father's death had left the nine-month-old prince second in line for the throne, behind his grandfather, then Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf. When his paternal great-grandfather, Gustaf V died in 1950, the four-year-old prince became

11433-546: Was an interpreter and host. The wedding was held on 19 June 1976 at Stockholm Cathedral , the ceremony performed by the Archbishop of Uppsala , Olof Sundby. The wedding was preceded the previous evening by a Royal Variety Performance, at which, among other performances, the Swedish musical group ABBA gave one of the first performances of " Dancing Queen ", as a tribute to Sweden's future queen. The King and his family moved to Drottningholm Palace west of Stockholm in 1980. He and

11544-569: Was briefly the heir apparent, as of his birth in May 1979. Carl XVI Gustaf is the longest-reigning monarch in Swedish history, having surpassed King Magnus IV 's reign of 44 years and 222 days on 26 April 2018. Carl Gustaf was born on 30 April 1946 at 10:20 in Haga Palace in Solna , Stockholm County . He was the youngest of five children and the only son of Sweden's Prince Gustaf Adolf and Princess Sibylla. He

11655-605: Was christened at the Royal Chapel on 7 June 1946 by the Archbishop of Uppsala , Erling Eidem . Carl Gustaf was baptised in Charles XI 's baptismal font, which stood on Gustav III 's carpet; he lay in Charles XI's cradle with Oscar II 's crown beside him. The same christening gown in white linen batiste which the prince carried had been worn by his father in 1906 and would later be worn by his three children. His godparents were

11766-440: Was easy to nourish oneself, thanks to the river, and these places were also the easiest to defend. Besides this, the river was easiest to cross at this point. When agriculture developed, the lands south of the basin proved most fertile, and so the rest of the basin was used principally for pasture. There were some fields surrounding the villages, but were not very fertile. The forests were used for pasturing animals and fodder

11877-541: Was granted an achievement of arms which featured the arms of Jämtland in base (these arms can be seen on his stallplate as knight of the Danish Order of the Elephant at Frederiksborg Palace ). Since his accession to the throne, he has used the greater coat of arms of Sweden although he is still associated with the ducal title of Jämtland he held as a prince. Dal%C3%A4lven The Dal River ( Swedish : Dalälven )

11988-401: Was harvested in the wetlands. Transhumance was adopted. In certain cites, the wetlands and lakes were partially drained to try to recover good-quality agricultural lands. Log driving in River Dalälven is documented from the 1600s onward. An important factor behind it was the 1607 prohibition from Charles IX of cutting wood closer than one Swedish mile from Falun Mine . However, until

12099-708: Was significant damage in the park, in particular along the streams, the banks of which were violently eroded, ripping out all the vegetation there. Many rivers have their source on the Fulufjället massif, the principal ones being the Tangån (1.5 m⋅s), the Girån, the Bergån, the Fulubågan, the Stora Njupån, and the Stora Göljån (0.4 m⋅s). The first three feed the river Görälven, which runs along

12210-770: Was the last king to use the style " by the Grace of God , of the Swedes , Goths and Wends King" ( Swedish : med Guds Nåde Sveriges, Götes och Wendes Konung ; Latin : Dei Gratia Suecorum, Gothorum et Vandalorum Rex ). This title had been in use since its adoption by Gustav I in 1523. Carl XVI Gustaf instead chose the simpler "King of Sweden" ( Sveriges Konung ), thereby ending a centuries-old tradition. There have not been sixteen kings of Sweden named Carl/Charles. The numeral stems from an erroneous genealogy that includes fictitious kings , created by 16th-century writer Johannes Magnus . On his creation as Duke of Jämtland, Carl XVI Gustaf

12321-456: Was used at first, once certain conflicts with Norway were put to rest. Exploitation of natural resources did not reach the most inaccessible zones until later, and certain parts were never exploited at all. Among the other forms of exploitation of the zone, one can note the exploitation of a form of sandstone in the valley of Tangådalen. The first protection of the zone was the classification in 1937 of 62.2 ha (154 acres) around Njupeskär as

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