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42-625: It is within Pine Grove Furnace State Park and the Michaux State Forest , near the community of Toland . The state park is in the South Mountain Range of the northern Blue Ridge Mountains System. During the period of iron ore excavation when the pit depth had sufficiently increased, mountain springs that filled the quarry required pumping. Present day inflow maintains a low water temperature for swimming. A beach

84-802: A former inn is now the park office. There are many picnic tables throughout the Park and two pavilions are available for rent. The Park has 1.4 miles (2.3 km) of the Appalachian Trail over the Cumberland County Biker/Hiker Trail ( rail trail ) and, on the west, along 0.4 miles (0.64 km) of roadways. The marker for the Appalachian Trail midpoint is east of the state park ( 40°1.827′N 77°17.225′W  /  40.030450°N 77.287083°W  / 40.030450; -77.287083 ), [12] and thru-hikers completing

126-494: A launch permit from PA DCNR or PA Fish and Boat Commission. In-season archery hunting is permitted in most of the state park, while small areas for seasonal firearms hunting are on the west and south ( groundhog hunting is prohibited). The beaches and swimming at Fuller and Laurel Lakes are open Memorial Day weekend through Labor Day weekend. A former grist mill is now used as the Appalachian Trail Museum and

168-457: A quarter of a mile from the works, and the clay [was] brought by rail from Laurel Station , three miles away " (the Pine Grove kiln held 12,000 bricks). The soapstone was used for washing the clay (Ivery patent in 1901) [5] and the clay was formed, dried, and kilned south of the iron works at the brick plant in front of cemetery hill until c.  1913 . The Pine Grove Division of

210-564: A state park beach since 1999. Fuller Lake is 1.7 acres (0.69 ha) in the area and is filled, abandoned quarry of the Pine Grove Iron Works. Boating is not permitted. Laurel Lake is a 25 acres (10 ha) body of water that was created to supply water power for Laurel Forge. Boaters are limited to using electric-powered and non-powered watercraft, gas-powered boats are not permitted. All electric-powered boats must have valid registration from any state, unpowered boats must have

252-582: Is a protected Pennsylvania area that includes Laurel and Fuller Lakes in Cooke Township of Cumberland County . The Park accommodates various outdoor recreation activities, protects the remains of the Pine Grove Iron Works (1764), and was the site of Laurel Forge (1830), Pine Grove Park (1880s), and a brick plant (1892). The Park is 8 miles (13 km) from exit 37 of Interstate 81 on Pennsylvania Route 233 . Pine Grove Furnace State Park

294-428: Is a talc - schist , which is a type of metamorphic rock . It is composed largely of the magnesium -rich mineral talc . It is produced by dynamothermal metamorphism and metasomatism , which occur in subduction zones , changing rocks by heat and pressure, with influx of fluids but without melting. It has been a carving medium for thousands of years. The definitions of the terms "steatite" and "soapstone" vary with

336-430: Is also used for countertops and bathroom tiling because of the ease of working the material and its property as the "quiet stone". A weathered or aged appearance occurs naturally over time as the patina is enhanced. Soapstone can be used to create molds for casting objects from soft metals, such as pewter or silver . The soft stone is easily carved and is not degraded by heating. The slick surface of soapstone allows

378-404: Is formed by the metamorphism of ultramafic protoliths (e.g. dunite or serpentinite ) and the metasomatism of siliceous dolomites . By mass, "pure" steatite is roughly 63.37% silica , 31.88% magnesia , and 4.74% water. It commonly contains minor quantities of other oxides such as CaO or Al 2 O 3 . Pyrophyllite , a mineral very similar to talc, is sometimes called soapstone in

420-774: Is mined in Canada, Brazil, India, and Finland and imported into the United States. Active North American mines include one south of Quebec City with products marketed by Canadian Soapstone, the Treasure and Regal mines in Beaverhead County , Montana mined by the Barretts Minerals Company, and another in central Virginia operated by the Alberene Soapstone Company. Mining to meet worldwide demand for soapstone

462-415: Is most commonly used for architectural applications, such as counter tops, floor tiles, showerbases, and interior surfacing. Soapstone is sometimes used for construction of fireplace surrounds, cladding on wood-burning stoves , and as the preferred material for woodburning masonry heaters because it can absorb, store, and evenly radiate heat due to its high density and magnesite (MgCO 3 ) content. It

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504-557: Is near Laurel Lake). The Paymasters Cabin has central heating and is available for rent. The Ironmaster's Mansion is a youth hostel commonly used by Appalachian Trail thru-hikers. The park's portions of the Mountain Creek valley and the neighboring mountain slopes ( Piney Mountain , Pole Steeple , & South Mountain) are part of the Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests ecoregion and are predominately wooded. In addition to

546-500: Is often used as an insulator for housing and electrical components, due to its durability and electrical characteristics and because it can be pressed into complex shapes before firing. Soapstone undergoes transformations when heated to temperatures of 1,000–1,200 °C (1,830–2,190 °F) into enstatite and cristobalite ; on the Mohs scale, this corresponds to an increase in hardness to 5.5–6.5. The resulting material, harder than glass,

588-448: Is sold in the form of sawn slabs . "Ground soapstone" sometimes designates the ground waste product of the slab manufacturing. Petrologically , soapstone is composed predominantly of talc, with varying amounts of chlorite and amphiboles (typically tremolite , anthophyllite , and cummingtonite , hence its obsolete name, magnesiocummingtonite), and traces of minor iron-chromium oxides . It may be schistose or massive . Soapstone

630-577: Is sometimes called "lava". Ancient Egyptian scarab signets and amulets were most commonly made from glazed steatite. The Yoruba people of West Nigeria used soapstone for several statues, most notably at Esie , where archaeologists have uncovered hundreds of male and female statues about half of life size. The Yoruba of Ife also produced a miniature soapstone obelisk with metal studs called "the staff of Oranmiyan ". Soapstone mining in Tabaka, Kenya occurs in relatively shallow and accessible quarries in

672-418: Is threatening the habitat of India's tigers. Soapstones can be put in a freezer and later used in place of ice cubes to chill alcoholic beverages without diluting. Sometimes called whiskey stones, these were first introduced around 2007. Most whiskey stones feature a semipolished finish, retaining the soft look of natural soapstone, while others are highly polished. People can be exposed to soapstone dust in

714-407: Is used primarily for its dielectric and thermally-insulating properties in applications such as tile, substrates, washers, bushings, beads, and pigments. It is also used for high-voltage insulators, which have to stand large mechanical loads, such as insulators of mast radiators . Soapstone continues to be used for carvings and sculptures by artists and indigenous peoples. In Brazil, especially in

756-529: The Arctic have traditionally used soapstone for carvings of both practical objects and art. The qulliq , a type of oil lamp, is carved out of soapstone and used by the Inuit and Dorset peoples. The soapstone oil lamps indicate these people had easy access to oils derived from marine mammals. In the modern period, soapstone is commonly used for carvings in Inuit art . In the United States, locally quarried soapstone

798-464: The Mount Holly Springs dam downstream), and the lake is 25 acres (0.10 km ) of the state park. The Fuller Brick and Slate Company' s operations that began in 1892 were developed by J. W. Ivery at the "Pine Grove works" [4] using clay exposed in the region's quarries. Slate was quarried 3 mi (4.8 km) southwest of the works, the soapstone was " hauled by wagon from the quarry

840-572: The Sage Run confluence at Mountain Creek to provide waterwheel power via the forge's water race . By 1873 the forge area included a boarding house, coal house, several dwellings, 2 railroad spurs, and a train depot; and in 1884 "Laurel Station" was added as a stop for excursions of the Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railroad . Laurel Dam was breached by flooding in 1889 [3] & 1919 (downwash from both breached

882-455: The 1764 Pine Grove Furnace , which ended production in 1895. The 1870 South Mountain RR and the subsequent 1891 Hunter's Run and Slate Belt Railroad provided the railway lines to the industrial areas of the state park. Laurel Forge manufactured wrought iron from Pine Grove Furnace pig iron and was built by Peter Ege in 1830. The Laurel Forge Pond (now Laurel Lake) was created by a dam below

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924-644: The 5th to 3rd millennia BC. Soapstone has been used in India as a medium for sculptures since at least the time of the Hoysala Empire , the Western Chalukya Empire and to an extent Vijayanagara Empire . Even earlier, steatite was used as the substrate for Indus-Harappan seals . After the intricate carvings of icons and (yet undeciphered) symbols, the seals were heated above 1,000 °C (1,830 °F) for several days to make them hard and durable to make

966-540: The Palace of Knossos , a steatite libation table was found. Soapstone is relatively abundant in northern Europe. Vikings hewed soapstone directly from the stone face, shaped it into cooking pots, and sold these at home and abroad. In Shetland , there is evidence that these vessels were used for processing marine and dairy fats. Several surviving medieval buildings in northern Europe are constructed with soapstone, amongst them Nidaros Cathedral . In modern times, soapstone

1008-402: The field of study. In geology, steatite is a rock that is, to a very large extent, composed of talc. The mining industry defines steatite as a high-purity talc rock that is suitable for the manufacturing of, for example, insulators ; the lesser grades of the mineral can be called simply " talc rock ". Steatite can be used both in lumps ("block steatite", "lava steatite", "lava grade talc"), and in

1050-892: The final seals used for making impressions on clay. In China, during the Spring and Autumn period (771–476 BC), soapstone was carved into ceremonial knives. Soapstone was also used to carve Chinese seals . Soapstone was used as a writing pencil in Myanmar as early as the 11th-century Pagan period. After that, it was still used as a pencil to write on Black Parabaik until the end of the Mandalay period (19th century). Pipes and decorative carvings of local animals were made out of soapstone by Australian Aboriginal artist Erlikilyika ( c.  1865  – c.  1930 ) in Central Australia . The Minoan civilization on Crete used soapstone. At

1092-568: The finished object to be easily removed. Welders and fabricators use soapstone as a marker due to its resistance to heat; it remains visible when heat is applied. It has also been used for many years by seamstresses, carpenters, and other craftspeople as a marking tool, because its marks are visible but not permanent. Resistance to heat made steatite suitable for manufacturing gas burner tips , spark plugs , and electrical switchboards. Steatite ceramics are low-cost biaxial porcelains of nominal composition (MgO) 3 (SiO 2 ) 4 . Steatite

1134-461: The generic sense, since its physical characteristics and industrial uses are similar, and because it is also commonly used as a carving material. However, this mineral typically does not have such a soapy feel as soapstone. Soapstone is relatively soft because of its high talc content—talc has a definitional value of 1 on the Mohs hardness scale . Softer grades may feel similar to soap when touched, hence

1176-597: The ground form. While the geologists logically will use "steatite" to designate both forms, in the industry, "steatite" without additional qualifications typically means the steatite that is either already ground or to be used in the ground form in the future. If the ground steatite is pressed together into blocks, these are called "synthetic block steatite", "artificial block steatite", or "artificial lava talc". In industrial applications soapstone refers to dimension stone that consists of either amphibole-chlorite-carbonate-talc rock, talc-carbonate rock, or simply talc rock and

1218-451: The legal limit ( permissible exposure limit ) for soapstone exposure in the workplace as 20 million particles per cubic foot over an 8-hour workday. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has set a recommended exposure limit of 6 mg/m total exposure and 3 mg/m respiratory exposure over an 8-hour workday. At levels of 3000 mg/m , soapstone is immediately dangerous to life and health . The local names for

1260-428: The name. No fixed hardness is given for soapstone because the amount of talc it contains varies widely, from as little as 30% for architectural grades such as those used on countertops, to as much as 80% for carving grades. Soapstone is easy to carve; it is also durable and heat-resistant and has a high heat storage capacity. It has therefore been used for cooking and heating equipment for thousands of years. Soapstone

1302-404: The rock's thermal qualities; compared to clay or metal containers, soapstone retains heat more effectively. Use of soapstone in native American cultures continue to the modern day. Later, other cultures carved soapstone smoking pipes , a practice that continues today. The soapstone's low heat conduction allows for prolonged smoking without the pipe heating up uncomfortably. Indigenous peoples of

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1344-406: The state forests, constructed bridges on the state roads, planted trees for reforestation, and cleaned streams. The 1912 Reading railroad tracks have been removed, and from mid-September 2006 through July 2007, Laurel Lake and its dam were reconditioned. Park lifeguards were eliminated for the 2008 season but were restored to Fuller Lake in 2009 after a July 2008 Fuller Lake drowning, the 1st at

1386-443: The state of Minas Gerais , the abundance of soapstone mines allow local artisans to craft pots, pans, wine glasses, statues, jewel boxes, coasters, and vases from soapstone. These handicrafts are commonly sold in street markets found in cities across the state. Some of the oldest towns, notably Congonhas , Tiradentes , and Ouro Preto , still have some of their streets paved with soapstone from colonial times. Architectural soapstone

1428-657: The state's South Mountain Forest began with the South Mountain Mining & Iron Company' s sale of 6,993 acres (28.30 km ) acres to the Pennsylvania Bureau of Forestry in 1912. On September 12, 1913, three additional tracts totaling 9,873 acres (39.95 km ) were sold in the areas of land surrounding Pine Grove and Laurel Forge—including 1,817 acres (7.35 km ) in Adams County . By 1921, [6] "Pine Grove"

1470-475: The store's half-gallon ice cream challenge receive a commemorative wooden spoon. The trails are open to cross-country skiing and some trails and roads are open to snowmobiling during the winter months. Charcoal Hearth Campground along Bendersville Rd is 0.25 miles (0.40 km) south of the park's store and has 71 sites for travel trailers and tenting, and across the road is a wooded "organized group tenting" area around an open playing field (a YMCA camp

1512-731: The surrounding areas of Sameta, Nyabigege and Bomware. These were at the time open to all to access provided they had the labor resources to do so. This mostly meant the men did the mining as they were custodian to the community land, meaning ancestral lands in Riamosioma, Itumbe, Nyatike etc. Native Americans have used soapstone since the Late Archaic period. During the Archaic archaeological period (8000–1000 BC), bowls, cooking slabs, and other objects were made from soapstone. The use of soapstone cooking vessels during this period has been attributed to

1554-555: The typical mammals, birds, and other fauna of the northeastern US ecoregion, the park's Laurel Lake attracts migratory waterfowl of the Atlantic Flyway ( butterflies reach their peak in the summer months.) The lakes have pickerel , trout and perch ; while Mountain Creek has brook , brown and rainbow trout . The following state parks are within 30 miles (48 km) of Pine Grove Furnace State Park: Soapstone Soapstone (also known as steatite or soaprock )

1596-476: The workplace via inhalation and skin or eye contact. Exposure above safe limits can lead to symptoms including coughing , shortness of breath , cyanosis , crackles , and pulmonary heart disease . Due to the potential presence of tremolite and crystalline silica in the dust, precautions should be taken to avoid occupational diseases such as asbestosis , silicosis , mesothelioma , and lung cancer . The Occupational Safety and Health Administration has set

1638-495: Was added in the 20th century. In 1965, Fuller Lake was closed due to contamination, and was later reopened. The lake's lifeguards were eliminated for the 2008 season, but were restored in 2009, following the drowning of a teenager in July 2008. This Cumberland County, Pennsylvania state location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Pine Grove Furnace State Park Pine Grove Furnace State Park

1680-468: Was chosen by the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (DCNR) and its Bureau of State Parks as one of "25 Must-See Pennsylvania State Parks". Pine Grove Furnace State Park is home to the Appalachian Trail Museum . The state park's historic place on the national register is the Pine Grove Iron Works of about 176 acres (0.71 km ) with structures associated with

1722-627: Was one of Pennsylvania's 7 "forest parks", [7] within which the smaller Pine Grove Furnace State Park was established by 1931 [8] under the 1929 Pennsylvania Bureau of State Parks [9] (the remaining state forest was named the Michaux State Forest .) Many of the facilities at the park were built during the Great Depression by the Civilian Conservation Corps . The young men of the CCC Camp S-51-PA constructed roads throughout

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1764-603: Was used for gravemarkers in 19th century northeast Georgia , around Dahlonega , and Cleveland as simple field stone and "slot and tab" tombs. In Canada, soapstone was quarried in the Arctic regions like the western part of the Ungava Bay and the Appalachian Mountain System from Newfoundland. The ancient trading city of Tepe Yahya in southeastern Iran was a center for the production and distribution of soapstone in

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