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58-521: The X20 can record video at 1080p (FullHD) resolution at 60 frames per second, twice the framerate of its predecessor. A hybrid autofocus system refocuses automatically during video capture. The X20 comes in two colour versions, the original black of the X10, and a new black and silver body. According to Fujifilm, the X20 has "the world's fastest autofocus speed in its class", focusing in as little as 0.06 seconds. It

116-478: A 3:2 pulldown to interlace them. While the formal output of the MPEG-2 decoding process from such stations is 1080i60, the actual content is coded as 1080p24 and can be viewed as such (using a process known as inverse telecine ) since no information is lost even when the broadcaster performs the 3:2 pulldown. In June 2016, German television stations began broadcasting 1080p50 high-definition video on eight channels via

174-439: A widescreen aspect ratio of 16:9 , implying a resolution of 2.1 megapixels . It is often marketed as Full HD or FHD, to contrast 1080p with 720p resolution screens. Although 1080p is sometimes referred to as 2K resolution (meaning having a horizontal resolution of approximately 2,000 pixels ), other sources differentiate between 1080p and (true) 2K resolution. 1080p video signals are supported by ATSC standards in

232-432: A computer for playback and/or processing potentially allows a broader choice of video players and/or editing software not limited to the quality offered by the embedded consumer electronics device, so at least theoretically higher deinterlacing quality is possible – especially if the user can pre-convert interlaced video to progressive scan before playback and advanced and time-consuming deinterlacing algorithms (i.e. employing

290-555: A cost functional. The authors of Real-Time Deep Video Deinterlacer use Deep CNN to get the best quality of output video. Deinterlacing of an interlaced video signal can be done at various points in the TV production chain. Deinterlacing is required for interlaced archive programs when the broadcast format or media format is progressive, as in EDTV 576p or HDTV 720p50 broadcasting, or mobile DVB-H broadcasting; there are two ways to achieve this. When

348-417: A full 1080p HD picture when the player is connected to a 1080p HDTV via an HDMI cable. The Blu-ray Disc video specification allows encoding of 1080p23.976, 1080p24, 1080i50, and 1080i59.94. Generally this type of video runs at 30 to 40 megabits per second, compared to the 3.5 megabits per second for conventional standard definition broadcasts. Smartphones with 1080p Full HD display have been available on

406-449: A high-definition progressive scan format operating at 1080p at 50 or 60 frames per second was being evaluated as a future standard for moving picture acquisition, although 24 fps was used for shooting movies. Until the early 2010s, EBU was endorsing 1080p50 as a future-proof production format because it improved resolution and required no deinterlacing , allowed broadcasting of standard 1080i50 and 720p50 signal alongside 1080p50 even in

464-420: A leap in the ability of video game consoles to render gaming content at a 1080p resolution or higher, rather than relying on upscaling . This trend continued with the launch of the current ninth generation of video game consoles in 2020, in which both Sony's PlayStation 5 and Microsoft's Xbox Series X were advertised as including 8K UHD support. As of 2024, however, neither console yet supports outputting

522-626: A lower resolution or frame rate (such as 720p60 or 1080i60) and will gracefully ignore additional packets, while newer hardware will be able to decode full-resolution signal (such as 1080p60). In June 2016, EBU announced the "Advanced 1080p" format which will include UHD Phase A features such as high-dynamic-range video (using PQ and HLG ) at 10 and 12 bit color and BT.2020 color gamut, and optional HFR 100, 120/1.001 and 120 Hz; an advanced 1080p video stream can be encoded alongside baseline HDTV or UHDTV signal using Scalable HEVC . The ITU-T BT.2100 standard that includes Advanced 1080p video

580-413: A part of the very same progressive frame. However, to match 50 field interlaced PAL/SECAM or 59.94/60 field interlaced NTSC signal, frame rate conversion is necessary using various "pulldown" techniques. Most advanced TV sets can restore the original 24 frame/s signal using an inverse telecine process. Another option is to speed up 24-frame film by 4% (to 25 frames/s) for PAL/SECAM conversion; this method

638-493: A pixel for pixel reproduction of the 1080p (1920 × 1080) format. Additionally, many 23, 24, and 27-inch (690 mm) widescreen LCD monitors use 1920 × 1200 as their native resolution; 30 inch displays can display beyond 1080p at up to 2560 × 1600 ( 1600p ). Many 27" monitors have native resolutions of 2560 × 1440 and hence operate at 1440p . Sony has their first and formerly Vaio 1080p laptop, VPCCB17FG, in 2011, and since Asus also has their first 4K laptop GL502 which

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696-459: A rate of 25 frames/sec or 50 fields/sec, while the NTSC system delivers 29.97 frames/sec or 59.94 fields/sec. This process of dividing frames into half-resolution fields at double the frame rate is known as interlacing . Since the interlaced signal contains the two fields of a video frame shot at two different times, it enhances motion perception to the viewer and reduces flicker by taking advantage of

754-430: A series of frames (still images) in rapid succession; however, television systems read the captured image by serially scanning the image sensor by lines (rows). In analog television, each frame is divided into two consecutive fields , one containing all even lines, another with the odd lines. The fields are captured in succession at a rate twice that of the nominal frame rate. For instance, PAL and SECAM systems have

812-451: A stationary or a smoothly moving image. Different deinterlacing methods have different quality and speed characteristics. Usually, to measure quality of deinterlacing method, the following approach is used: The main speed measurement metric is frames per second (FPS) - how many frames deinterlacer is able to process per second. Talking about FPS, it is necessary to specify the resolution of all frames and hardware characteristics, because

870-439: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . 1080p 1080p (1920 × 1080 progressively displayed pixels ; also known as Full HD or FHD , and BT.709 ) is a set of HDTV high-definition video modes characterized by 1,920 pixels displayed across the screen horizontally and 1,080 pixels down the screen vertically; the p stands for progressive scan , i.e. non- interlaced . The term usually assumes

928-445: Is beginning to appear in some newer 1080p displays, which can produce a true 1080p quality image from film-based 1080i60 programs. Similarly, 25fps content broadcast at 1080i50 may be deinterlaced to 1080p content with no loss of quality or resolution. AV equipment manufacturers have adopted the term Full HD to mean a set can display all available HD resolutions up to 1080p. The term is misleading, however, because it does not guarantee

986-424: Is bi-directional motion adaptive deinterlacer. NNEDI method uses a Neural Network to deinterlace video sequences. FFmpeg Bob Weaver Deinterlacing Filter is the part of well-known framework for video and audio processing. Vapoursynth EEDI3 is the abbreviation for "enhanced edge directed interpolation 3", authors of this method state that it works by finding the best non-decreasing warping between two lines according to

1044-501: Is currently rolling out throughout the U.S. The majority of the stations that broadcast at 1080p are CBS and NBC stations and affiliates. All other stations do not broadcast at 1080p and usually broadcast at 720p60 (including when simulcasting in ATSC 3.0) or 1080i60 (outside of ATSC 3.0) encoded with MPEG-2. There is also technical restrictions with ATSC 3.0 multiplex stations that prevent stations from airing at 1080p. While converting to ATSC 3.0

1102-446: Is only visual comparison, for others - only objective. This benchmark has compared more than 20 methods on 40 video sequences. Total length of the sequences is 834 frames. Its authors state that the main feature of this benchmark is the comprehensive comparison of methods with visual comparison tools, performance plots and parameter tuning. Authors used PSNR and SSIM as objective metrics. VapourSynth TDeintMod author states that it

1160-441: Is sometimes confused with deinterlacing in general, or with interpolation (image scaling) which uses spatial filtering to generate extra lines and hence reduce the visibility of pixelation on any type of display. The terminology 'line doubler' is used more frequently in high end consumer electronics, while 'deinterlacing' is used more frequently in the computer and digital video arena. More advanced deinterlacing algorithms combine

1218-475: Is still widely used for DVDs, as well as television broadcasts (SD & HD) in the PAL markets. DVDs can either encode movies using one of these methods, or store original 24 frame/s progressive video and use MPEG-2 decoder tags to instruct the video player on how to convert them to the interlaced format. Most movies on Blu-rays have preserved the original non interlaced 24 frame/s motion film rate and allow output in

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1276-412: Is the process of converting interlaced video into a non-interlaced or progressive form. Interlaced video signals are commonly found in analog television , VHS , Laserdisc , digital television ( HDTV ) when in the 1080i format, some DVD titles, and a smaller number of Blu-ray discs. An interlaced video frame consists of two fields taken in sequence: the first containing all the odd lines of

1334-745: Is voluntary by TV Stations, there is no word when any of the major networks will consider airing at 1080p in the foreseeable future on a national scale, although they are required to broadcast ATSC signals for at least five years thereafter. However, satellite services (e.g., DirecTV , XstreamHD and Dish Network ) use the 1080p/24-30 format with MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 encoding for pay-per-view movies that are downloaded in advance via satellite or on-demand via broadband. At this time, no pay service channel such as USA, HDNET, etc. nor premium movie channel such as HBO, etc., stream their services live to their distributors ( MVPD ) in this format because many MVPDs, especially DBS and cable, do not have sufficient bandwidth to provide

1392-625: The HEVC -encoded DVB-T2 protocol. A total of 40 channels were available on March 29, 2017 (Phase 1). Further changes took place on November 8, 2017 (Phase 2a), April 25, 2018 (Phase 2b), September 26, 2018 (Phase 3a-I), October 24, 2018 (Phase 3a-II), November 8, 2018 (Phase 3a-III), November 28, 2018 (Phase 3a-IV), December 5, 2018 (Phase 3a-V), March 13, 2019 (Phase 3b-I), April 3, 2019 (Phase 3b-II), May 22, 2019 (Phase 3b-III) and August 29, 2019 (Phase 3b-IV). Blu-ray Discs are able to hold 1080p HD content, and most movies released on Blu-ray Disc produce

1450-541: The Wii unable to support the resolution. All home video game consoles launched as part of the eighth generation , which began in 2012 with the launch of the Wii U , were capable of 1080p outputs. Mid-generation hardware revisions and new models introduced by Sony and Microsoft to their respective PlayStation 4 and Xbox One consoles added the capability of outputting at 4K UHD — well beyond 1080p. Moreover, this mid-generational improvement in computing power also represented

1508-476: The frame rate ; i.e., 1080p50 signal (50 progressive frames per second) actually produces the same bit rate as 1080i50 signal (25 interlaced frames or 50 sub-fields per second). In the United States, the original ATSC standards for HDTV supported 1080p video, but only at the frame rates of 23.976, 24, 25, 29.97 and 30 frames per second (colloquially known as 1080p24 , 1080p25 and 1080p30 ). In July 2008,

1566-702: The persistence of vision effect. This results in an effective doubling of time resolution as compared with non-interlaced footage (for frame rates equal to field rates). However, interlaced signal requires a display that is natively capable of showing the individual fields in a sequential order, and only traditional CRT -based TV sets are capable of displaying interlaced signal, due to the electronic scanning and lack of apparent fixed resolution. Most modern displays, such as LCD , DLP and plasma displays , are not able to work in interlaced mode, because they are fixed-resolution displays and only support progressive scanning. In order to display interlaced signal on such displays,

1624-434: The "production" method). However, the quality of both free and commercial consumer-grade software may not be up to the level of professional software and equipment. Also, most users are not trained in video production; this often causes poor results as many people do not know much about deinterlacing and are unaware that the frame rate is half the field rate. Many codecs/players do not even deinterlace by themselves and rely on

1682-439: The ATSC standards were amended to include H.264/MPEG-4 AVC compression and 1080p at 50, 59.94 and 60 frames per second ( 1080p50 and 1080p60 ). Such frame rates require H.264/AVC High Profile Level 4.2 , while standard HDTV frame rates only require Level 4.0. This update is not expected to result in widespread availability of 1080p60 programming, since most of the existing digital receivers in use would only be able to decode

1740-497: The US and other countries through select internet providers since 2013. As of 2012, most consumer televisions being sold provide 1080p inputs, mainly via HDMI , and support full high-definition resolutions. 1080p resolution is available in all types of television, including plasma , LCD , DLP front and rear projection and LCD projection . For displaying film-based 1080i60 signals, a scheme called 3:2 pulldown reversal ( reverse telecine )

1798-566: The United States and DVB standards in Europe. Applications of the 1080p standard include television broadcasts, Blu-ray Discs, smartphones , Internet content such as YouTube videos and Netflix TV shows and movies, consumer-grade televisions and projectors , computer monitors and video game consoles . Small camcorders , smartphones and digital cameras can capture still and moving images in 1080p (sometimes 4K, or even 8K) resolution. Any screen device that advertises 1080p typically refers to

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1856-507: The ability to accept 1080p signals in native resolution format, which means there are a true 1920 pixels in width and 1080 pixels in height, and the display is not over-scanning, under-scanning, or reinterpreting the signal to a lower resolution. The HD ready 1080p logo program, by DigitalEurope , requires that certified TV sets support 1080p 24 fps, 1080p 25 fps, 1080p 50 fps, and 1080p 60 fps formats, among other requirements, with fps meaning frames per second . For live broadcast applications,

1914-854: The alternating lines seamlessly. However, since the early 2000s, displays such as televisions and computer monitors have become almost entirely digital - in that the display is composed of discrete pixels - and on such displays the interlacing becomes noticeable and can appear as a distracting visual defect. The deinterlacing process should try to minimize these. Deinterlacing is thus a necessary process and comes built-in to most modern DVD players, Blu-ray players, LCD/LED televisions, digital projectors, TV set-top boxes, professional broadcast equipment, and computer video players and editors - although each with varying levels of quality. Deinterlacing has been researched for decades and employs complex processing algorithms; however, consistent results have been very hard to achieve. Both video and photographic film capture

1972-508: The broadcast format or media format is interlaced, real-time deinterlacing should be performed by embedded circuitry in a set-top box, television, external video processor, DVD or DVR player, or TV tuner card. Since consumer electronics equipment is typically far cheaper, has considerably less processing power and uses simpler algorithms compared to professional deinterlacing equipment, the quality of deinterlacing may vary broadly and typical results are often poor even on high-end equipment. Using

2030-836: The current infrastructure and was compatible with DCI distribution formats. 1080p50/p60 production format requires a whole new range of studio equipment including cameras, storage and editing systems, and contribution links (such as Dual-link HD-SDI and 3G-SDI ) as it has doubled the data rate of current 50 or 60 fields interlaced 1920 × 1080 from 1.485 Gbit/s to nominally 3 Gbit/s using uncompressed RGB encoding. Most current revisions of SMPTE 372M , SMPTE 424M and EBU Tech 3299 require YCbCr color space and 4:2:2 chroma subsampling for transmitting 1080p50 (nominally 2.08 Gbit/s) and 1080p60 signal. Studies from 2009 show that for digital broadcasts compressed with H.264/AVC, transmission bandwidth savings of interlaced video over fully progressive video are minimal even when using twice

2088-442: The deinterlacing process should consider this as well. Typical movie material is shot on 24 frames/s film. Converting film to interlaced video typically uses a process called telecine whereby each frame is converted to multiple fields. In some cases, each film frame can be presented by exactly two progressive segmented frames (PsF), and in this format it does not require a complex deinterlacing algorithm because each field contains

2146-412: The display of older video games lagging behind controller input. Many TVs thus have a "game mode" in which minimal processing is done in order to maximize speed at the expense of image quality. Deinterlacing is only partly responsible for such lag; scaling also involves complex algorithms that take milliseconds to run. Some interlaced video may have been originally created from progressive footage, and

2204-834: The display to buffer one or more fields and recombine them into full frames. In theory this would be as simple as capturing one field and combining it with the next field to be received, producing a single frame. However, the originally recorded signal was produced from two fields at different points in time, and without special processing any motion across the fields usually results in a "combing" effect where alternate lines are slightly displaced from each other. There are various methods to deinterlace video, each producing different problems or artifacts of its own. Some methods are much cleaner in artifacts than other methods. Most deinterlacing techniques fall under three broad groups: Modern deinterlacing systems therefore buffer several fields and use techniques like edge detection in an attempt to find

2262-465: The format streaming live to their subscribers without negatively impacting their current services. For material that originates from a progressive scanned 24 frame/s source (such as film), MPEG-2 lets the video be coded as 1080p24, irrespective of the final output format. These progressively-coded frames are tagged with metadata (literally, fields of the PICTURE header) instructing a decoder how to perform

2320-744: The full detail of the face in both output frames by combining the images together, moving parts of each field along the detected direction by the detected amount of movement. Deinterlacers that use this technique are often superior because they can use information from many fields, as opposed to just one or two, however they require powerful hardware to achieve this in real-time. Motion compensation needs to be combined with scene change detection (which has its own challenges), otherwise it will attempt to find motion between two completely different scenes. A poorly implemented motion compensation algorithm would interfere with natural motion and could lead to visual artifacts which manifest as "jumping" parts in what should be

2378-541: The graphics card and video acceleration API to do proper deinterlacing. The European Broadcasting Union argued against the use of interlaced video in production and broadcasting, recommending 720p 50 fps (frames per second) as then-current production format and working with the industry to introduce 1080p 50 as a future-proof production standard until the early 2010s, which offered higher vertical resolution, better quality at lower bitrates, and easier conversion to other formats such as 720p50 and 1080i50. The main argument

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2436-500: The image, and the second all the even lines. Analog television employed this technique because it allowed for less transmission bandwidth while keeping a high frame rate for smoother and more life-like motion. A non-interlaced (or progressive scan ) signal that uses the same bandwidth only updates the display half as often and was found to create a perceived flicker or stutter. CRT-based displays were able to display interlaced video correctly due to their complete analog nature, blending in

2494-635: The maintainers of the DVB suite, added support for 1080p50 signal coded with MPEG-4 AVC High Profile Level 4.2 with Scalable Video Coding extensions or VC-1 Advanced Profile compression; DVB also supports 1080p encoded at ATSC frame rates of 23.976, 24, 29.97, 30, 59.94 and 60. EBU requires that legacy MPEG-4 AVC decoders should avoid crashing in the presence of SVC or 1080p50 (and higher resolution) packets. SVC enables forward compatibility with 1080p50 and 1080p60 broadcasting for older MPEG-4 AVC receivers, so they will only recognize baseline SVC stream coded at

2552-752: The market since 2012. As of 2014, it is the standard for mid-range to high-end smartphones and many of the flagship devices of 2014 used even higher resolutions, either Quad HD (1440p) or Ultra HD (2160p) resolutions. Several websites, including YouTube, allow videos to be uploaded in the 1080p format. YouTube streams 1080p content at approximately 4 megabits per second compared to Blu-ray's 30 to 40 megabits per second. Digital distribution services like Hulu and HBO Max also deliver 1080p content, such as movies available on Blu-ray Disc or from broadcast sources. This can include distribution services like peer-to-peer websites and public or private tracking networks. Netflix has been offering high quality 1080p content in

2610-405: The motion between the fields. This is then used to interpolate the missing lines from the original field, reducing the combing effect. These methods take the even and odd fields and combine them into one frame. They retain the full vertical resolution at the expense of the temporal resolution (perceived frame-rate) whereby 50i/60i is converted to 24p/25p/30p which may lose the smooth, fluid feel of

2668-721: The older, less-efficient MPEG-2 codec, and because there is a limited amount of bandwidth for subchannels . In Europe, 1080p25 signals have been supported by the DVB suite of broadcasting standards. The 1080p50 format is considered to be a future-proof production format and, eventually, a future broadcasting format. 1080p50 broadcasting should require the same bandwidth as 1080i50 signal and only 15–20% more than that of 720p50 signal due to increased compression efficiency, though 1080p50 production requires more bandwidth or more efficient codecs such as JPEG 2000 , high-bitrate MPEG-2 , or H.264/AVC and HEVC . In September 2009, ETSI and EBU ,

2726-440: The original. However, if the interlaced signal was originally produced from a lower frame-rate source such as film, then no information is lost and these methods may suffice. These methods take each field (with only half the lines) and extend it to the entire screen to make a frame. This may halve the vertical resolution of the image but aims to maintain the original field-rate (50i or 60i is converted to 50p or 60p). Line doubling

2784-435: The process, which is hard to achieve consistently. There are several techniques available that extrapolate the missing picture information, however they rather fall into the category of intelligent frame creation and require complex algorithms and substantial processing power. Deinterlacing techniques require complex processing and thus can introduce a delay into the video feed. While not generally noticeable, this can result in

2842-410: The progressive 1080p24 format directly to display devices, with no conversion necessary. Some 1080i HDV camcorders also offer PsF mode with cinema-like frame rates of 24 or 25 frame/s. TV production crews can also use special film cameras which operate at 25 or 30 frame/s, where such material does not need framerate conversion for broadcasting in the intended video system format. Deinterlacing requires

2900-706: The set is capable of rendering digital video at all frame rates encoded in source files with 1920 X 1080 pixel resolution. Most notably, a "Full HD" set is not guaranteed to support the 1080p24 format, leading to consumer confusion . DigitalEurope (formerly EICTA) maintains the HD ready 1080p logo program that requires the certified TV sets to support 1080p24, 1080p50, and 1080p60, without overscan /underscan and picture distortion. Most widescreen cathode-ray tube (CRT) and liquid-crystal display (LCD) monitors can natively display 1080p content. For example, widescreen WUXGA monitors support 1920 × 1200 resolution, which can display

2958-475: The speed of specific deinterlacing method significantly depends on these two factors. This benchmark has compared 8 different deinterlacing methods on a synthetic video. There is a moving 3-dimensional Lissajous curve on the video in order to make it challenging for the modern deinterlacing methods. The authors used MSE and PSNR as objective metrics. Also, they measure processing speed in FPS . For some methods there

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3016-482: The standard and PlayStation 5 packaging no longer advertises the feature. The Nintendo Switch , when docked, is capable of 1080p. Many cameras—professional and consumer still, action and video cameras, including DSLR cameras—and other devices with built-in cameras such as laptops, smartphones and tablet computers, can capture 1080p24, 1080p25, 1080p30 or 1080p60 video, often encoding it in progressive segmented frame format. Deinterlacing Deinterlacing

3074-448: The traditional field combination methods (weaving and blending) and frame extension methods (bob or line doubling) to create a high quality progressive video sequence. One of the basic hints to the direction and amount of motion would be the direction and length of combing artifacts in the interlaced signal. The best algorithms also try to predict the direction and the amount of image motion between subsequent fields in order to better blend

3132-491: The two fields together. They may employ algorithms similar to block motion compensation used in video compression. For example, if two fields had a person's face moving to the left, weaving would create combing, and blending would create ghosting. Advanced motion compensation (ideally) would see that the face in several fields is the same image, just moved to a different position, and would try to detect direction and amount of such motion. The algorithm would then try to reconstruct

3190-452: The two interlaced fields must be converted to one progressive frame with a process known as de-interlacing . However, when the two fields taken at different points in time are re-combined to a full frame displayed at once, visual defects called interlace artifacts or combing occur with moving objects in the image. A good deinterlacing algorithm should try to avoid interlacing artifacts as much as possible and not sacrifice image quality in

3248-520: Was formerly branded Republic of Gamers in 2017, 1080p has also become the nowadays lowest standard for laptops. While Microsoft's original Xbox , launched as part of the sixth generation of video game consoles in 2001, could support a 1080i output in limited circumstances, support for 1080p began with the launch of the seventh generation of home video game consoles in 2005. Both the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 were capable of outputting at 1080p, with only

3306-478: Was subsequently published in July 2016. In practice, 1080p typically refers to a 1920 × 1080p raster with a 16:9 picture aspect ratio . The following is a list of other resolutions with a picture height of 1080 lines that are sometimes referred as 1080p. In the United States, 1080p over-the-air broadcasts are currently available in select stations in some cities in the US via ATSC 3.0 multiplex stations where as ATSC 3.0

3364-512: Was superseded by the Fujifilm X30 in August 2014. SENSOR : EXR CMOS | Bayer CMOS | X-Trans | X-Trans II | X-Trans III | X-Trans 4 | X-Trans 5 VIDEO: 15 4K 15p , 4K , 6K , 8K   ⋅   SCREEN : Flip , Articulating , Touchscreen   ⋅   BODY FEATURE: In-Body Image Stabilization , Weather Sealed This camera-related article

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