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57-687: Dürrenmatt was born in Konolfingen , canton of Bern , the son of a Protestant pastor. His grandfather, Ulrich Dürrenmatt, was a conservative politician. The family moved to Bern in 1935. Dürrenmatt began studies in philosophy, German philology , and German literature at the University of Zürich in 1941, but moved to the University of Bern after one semester where he also studied natural science . In 1943, he decided to become an author and dramatist and dropped his academic career. In 1945–46, he wrote his first play It Is Written . On 11 October 1946, he married

114-444: A Fachhochschule ). Of the 519 who completed tertiary schooling, 72.1% were Swiss men, 19.3% were Swiss women, 4.8% were non-Swiss men and 3.9% were non-Swiss women. The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten , followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following

171-523: A 1956 short story, Die Panne ( transl.  The Traps ) by Friedrich Dürrenmatt , Tendulkar wrote the play, Shantata! Court Chalu Aahe ( transl.  Silence! The Court is in Session ). It was presented on the stage for the first time in 1967 and proved as one of his finest works. Satyadev Dubey presented it in movie form in 1971 with Tendulkar's collaboration as the screenplay writer. In his 1972 play, Sakharam Binder , Tendulkar dealt with

228-559: A Prison?") on discovering that he had been spied on for five decades, along with 800,000 of his left-leaning fellow citizens, by the Swiss secret service ; the other in honour of Mikhail Gorbachev ("Kants Hoffnung/ Kant 's Hope"). Dürrenmatt often compared the three Abrahamic religions and Marxism , which he also saw as a religion. Dürrenmatt died from heart failure on 14 December 1990 in Neuchâtel . Since 2000 his works have been exhibited in

285-672: A different mother language than the classroom language. As of 2000 , there were 139 students in Konolfingen who came from another municipality, while 112 residents attended schools outside the municipality. Konolfingen is home to the Bibliothek Konolfingen library. The library has (as of 2008 ) 12,908 books or other media, and loaned out 43,477 items in the same year. It was open a total of 320 days with average of 13 hours per week during that year. The municipality has two railway stations, Konolfingen and Stalden i.E. . The former

342-476: A different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 17 primary classes and 275 students. Of the primary students, 13.5% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 1.1% have a different mother language than the classroom language. During the same year, there were 10 lower secondary classes with a total of 185 students. There were 9.2% who were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 1.1% have

399-450: A good writer. Shrimant jolted the conservative audience of the times with its radical storyline, wherein an unmarried young woman decides to keep her unborn child while her rich father tries to "buy" her a husband in an attempt to save his social prestige. Tendulkar's early struggle for survival and living for some time in tenements ( Chawl ) in Mumbai provided him first-hand experience about

456-522: A musical by Kander and Ebb . His play Incident at Twilight has been adapted into a play called Sann 2025 by Piyush Mishra. Konolfingen Konolfingen is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland . Konolfingen village is first mentioned in 1148 as Chonolfingen . It is a relatively new municipality, having been formed from

513-502: A new paradigm for Marathi theatre. The play demonstrates Tendulkar's deep study of group psychology, and it brought him a Jawaharlal Nehru Fellowship (1974–75) for a project titled, "An Enquiry into the Pattern of Growing Violence in Society and Its Relevance to Contemporary Theatre". With over 6,000 performances thus far in its original and translated versions, Ghashiram Kotwal remains one of

570-539: A station in the land between Konolfingen and Stalden. This was followed in 1899 by a connection to the Burgdorf-Thun railroad. The convenient transportation links encouraged the Berneralpen dairy to build a factory between the two villages. The first factory brought several other businesses to the villages and led to growth. In 1933 the communities of Gysenstein (which included Konolfingen village) and Stalden merged to form

627-465: A writer of plays with contemporary, unconventional themes. He is best known for his plays Shantata! Court Chalu Aahe (1967), Ghashiram Kotwal (1972), and Sakharam Binder (1972). Many of Tendulkar's plays derived inspiration from real-life incidents or social upheavals, which provide clear light on harsh realities. He has provided guidance to students studying "play writing" in US universities. Tendulkar

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684-476: Is a groundbreaking feature film on women's activism in India. It was directed by Jabbar Patel and stars Smita Patil and Girish Karnad . In 1991, Tendulkar wrote a metaphorical play, Safar , and in 2001 he wrote the play, The Masseur . He next wrote two novels – Kadambari: Ek and Kadambari: Don – about sexual fantasies of an ageing man. In 2004, he wrote a single-act play, His Fifth Woman – his first play in

741-593: Is located at the junction of the Bern–Lucerne and Burgdorf–Thun lines , while Stalden im Emmental is just to the south of Konolfingen on the Burgdorf–Thun line. Vijay Tendulkar Vijay Dhondopant Tendulkar (6 January 1928 – 19 May 2008) was an Indian playwright, movie and television writer, literary essayist, political journalist, and social commentator primarily in Marathi . His Marathi plays established him as

798-420: Is settled (buildings or roads), 0.01 km (2.5 acres) or 0.1% is either rivers or lakes. Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 8.4% and transportation infrastructure made up 3.8%. Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 39.4% is used for growing crops and 24.6% is pastures, while 2.3% is used for orchards or vine crops. All

855-411: Is the second most common (62 or 1.3%) and Albanian is the third (44 or 1.0%). There are 22 people who speak French and 1 person who speaks Romansh . As of 2008 , the population was 47.6% male and 52.4% female. The population was made up of 2,061 Swiss men (43.3% of the population) and 206 (4.3%) non-Swiss men. There were 2,323 Swiss women (48.8%) and 173 (3.6%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in

912-576: The Protestant Reformation and secularized all the Abbey's lands. It became part of the bailiwick of Thorberg and was combined with Walkringen to form a single court. However, the village remained an administrative center until the creation of the Helvetic Republic in 1798. In 1814, due to the lack of suitable buildings in Konolfingen, Schlosswil became the administrative center and court for

969-579: The Social Democratic Party (SP) (16.2%) and the FDP.The Liberals (7.1%). In the federal election, a total of 1,961 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 53.4%. As of  2011 , Konolfingen had an unemployment rate of 1.33%. As of 2008 , there were a total of 2,510 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 212 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 71 businesses involved in this sector. 881 people were employed in

1026-463: The secondary sector and there were 48 businesses in this sector. 1,417 people were employed in the tertiary sector , with 142 businesses in this sector. There were 2,422 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 43.8% of the workforce. In 2008 there were a total of 2,061 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 128, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in

1083-402: The 1942 Indian freedom movement, leaving his studies. The latter alienated him from his family and friends. Writing then became his outlet, though most of his early writings were of a personal nature, and not intended for publication. During this period, he participated in the activities of Nabajiban Sanghatana, a splinter communist group. He said that he liked sense of sacrifice and discipline of

1140-587: The Centre Dürrenmatt, part of the Swiss National Library . Like Bertolt Brecht Dürrenmatt explored the dramatic possibilities of epic theatre . Next to Brecht he has been called its "most original theorist". When he was 26 his first play, It Is Written , premiered to great controversy. The story of the play revolves around a battle between a sensation-craving cynic and a religious fanatic who takes scripture literally, all of this taking place while

1197-678: The English language – as a sequel to his earlier exploration of the plight of women in Sakharam Binder . This play was first performed at the Vijay Tendulkar Festival in New York in October 2004. In the 1990s, Tendulkar wrote an acclaimed TV series, Swayamsiddha , in which his daughter Priya Tendulkar , noted Television actress of 'Rajani' fame, performed in the lead role. His last screenplay

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1254-826: The actress Lotti Geissler. Dürrenmatt traveled in 1969 to the United States , in 1974 to Israel , and in 1990 to Auschwitz in Poland . In 1975 he played himself in the film End of the Game . Dürrenmatt also enjoyed painting. Some of his works and his drawings were exhibited in Neuchâtel in 1976 and 1985 and in Zürich in 1978. His wife, Lotti Geissler, died on 16 January 1983. Dürrenmatt married another actress, Charlotte Kerr , in 1984. In 1990 he gave two famous speeches, one in honour of Václav Havel ("Die Schweiz, ein Gefängnis?/Switzerland

1311-551: The city they live in is under siege. The play's opening night in April 1947 caused fights and protests in the audience. Between 1948 and 1949 Dürrenmatt wrote several segments and sketches for the anti-Nazi Cabaret Cornichon in Zürich including the short single-act grotesque play Der Gerettete ( The Rescued ). His first major success was the play Romulus the Great . Set in the year A.D. 476,

1368-446: The communists. Tendulkar began his career writing for newspapers. He had already written a play, Amchyavar Kon Prem Karnar? ( transl.  Who is going to love me? ), and he wrote the play, Grihastha ( transl.  The Householder ), in his early 20s. The latter did not receive much recognition from the audience, and he vowed never to write again. Breaking the vow, in 1956 he wrote Shrimant , which established him as

1425-544: The construction rate of new housing units was 0.4 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2011 , was 0.71%. The historical population is given in the following chart: In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 32% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (17%),

1482-407: The district of Konolfingen. Throughout most of its history it was part of the parish of Münsingen . A filial church was built in Konolfingen in 1898 and in 1911, the villages broke away to form the parish of Stalden. The Stalden name only remained for a year, in 1912 it was renamed Konolfingen parish. A Catholic church was built in the municipality in 1967. Much of the land around the village

1539-491: The farming hamlets of Gysenstein, Herolfingen, Hürnberg, Ursellen, Ballenbüel and Hötschigen as well as scattered individual farm houses. On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Konolfingen, of which it was the capital, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Verwaltungskreis Bern-Mittelland. The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Or a Semi Lion Rampant double-tailed Gules issuant from three bricked Wall Sable and in chief two Mullets of

1596-416: The foregoing, Tendulkar's oeuvre includes a biography; two novels; five anthologies of short stories; 16 plays for children, including Bale Miltat (1960) and Patlachya Poriche Lagin (1965); and five volumes of literary essays and social criticism, including Ratrani (1971), Kowali Unhe (1971), and Phuge Sobanche (1974). All in all, Tendulkar's writings have contributed to a significant transformation of

1653-554: The life of urban lower middle class. He thus brought new authenticity to their depiction in Marathi theatre. Tendulkar's writings rapidly changed the storyline of modern Marathi theatre in the 1950s and the 60s, with experimental presentations by theatre groups like Rangayan. Actors in these theatre groups like Shriram Lagoo , Mohan Agashe , and Sulabha Deshpande brought new authenticity and power to Tendulkar's stories while introducing new sensibilities in Marathi theatre. Tendulkar wrote

1710-643: The longest-running plays in the history of Indian theatre. Tendulkar wrote screenplays for the movies Nishant (1974), Akrosh ( transl.  The Outrage ; 1980), and Ardh Satya ( transl.  The Half-Truth ; 1984) which established him as an important "Chronicler of Violence" of the present. He has written eleven movies in Hindi and eight movies in Marathi. The latter include Samana ( transl.  The Confrontation ; 1975), Simhaasan ( transl.  The Throne ; 1979), and Umbartha ( transl.  The Threshold ; 1981). The last one

1767-404: The lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship . During the 2010–11 school year, there were a total of 534 students attending classes in Konolfingen. There were 3 kindergarten classes with a total of 74 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 14.9% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 4.1% have

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1824-496: The modern literary landscape in Marathi and other Indian languages. In 2005, a documentary titled Tendulkar Ani Himsa: Kal Ani Aj ("Tendulkar and Violence: Then and Now") with English subtitles (produced by California Arts Association – CalAA - directed by Atul Pethe) was released. In 2007, a short film about Tendulkar, Ankahin , (director Santosh Ayachit) was released. Tendulkar won Maharashtra State government awards in 1969 and 1972; and Maharashtra Gaurav Puraskar in 1999. He

1881-468: The municipality and 1,456 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.0 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 24.3% used public transportation to get to work, and 43.5% used a private car. From the 2000 census , 3,440 or 74.7% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church , while 458 or 9.9% were Roman Catholic . Of

1938-413: The municipality of Konolfingen. The new municipality continued to grow and in 1949, a secondary school opened. Konolfingen has an area of 12.77 km (4.93 sq mi). Of this area, 8.48 km (3.27 sq mi) or 66.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while 2.44 km (0.94 sq mi) or 19.1% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.85 km (0.71 sq mi) or 14.5%

1995-570: The municipality, 1,446 or about 31.4% were born in Konolfingen and lived there in 2000. There were 2,113 or 45.9% who were born in the same canton, while 492 or 10.7% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 408 or 8.9% were born outside of Switzerland. As of 2011 , children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 19.7% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 60.3% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 20.1%. As of 2000 , there were 1,916 people who were single and never married in

2052-424: The municipality. There were 2,230 married individuals, 302 widows or widowers and 158 individuals who are divorced. As of 2000 , there were 587 households that consist of only one person and 138 households with five or more people. In 2000 , a total of 1,854 apartments (92.5% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 86 apartments (4.3%) were seasonally occupied and 65 apartments (3.2%) were empty. As of 2010 ,

2109-476: The next year (2002) of a heart attack following a long battle with breast cancer. Following the post-Godhra communal carnage in Gujarat in 2002, Tendulkar reacted by saying that "If I had a pistol, I would shoot [Gujarat Chief Minister] Narendra Modi ". This reaction of Tendulkar had evoked mixed reactions, local Modi supporter criminals and gundas burning his effigies while others lauding his remark. Later, when he

2166-506: The orthodox and the political bigwigs. Many of Tendulkar's plays derived inspiration from real-life incidents or social upheavals. Thus, the rise of Shiv Sena in Maharashtra in the 1970s was reflected in Tendulkar's Ghashiram Kotwal . The true story of a journalist who purchased of a woman from the rural sex industry to reveal police and political involvement in this trade, only to abandon

2223-457: The play Gidhade ( transl.  The Vultures ) in 1961, but it was not produced until 1970. The play was set in a morally collapsed family structure and explored the theme of violence. In his following creations, Tendulkar explored violence in its various forms: domestic, sexual, communal, and political. Thus, Gidhade proved to be a turning point in Tendulkar's writings with regard to establishment of his own unique writing style. Based on

2280-549: The play explores the last days of the Roman Empire , presided over and brought about by its last emperor, Romulus . The Visit ( Der Besuch der alten Dame , 1956) is a grotesque fusion of comedy and tragedy about a wealthy woman who offers the people of her hometown a fortune if they will avenge the wrongs done to her. The satirical drama The Physicists ( Die Physiker , 1962), which deals with issues concerning science and its responsibility for dramatic and dangerous changes to

2337-503: The rest of the population, there were 29 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.63% of the population), there were 2 individuals (or about 0.04% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church , and there were 393 individuals (or about 8.53% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There was 1 individual who was Jewish , and 139 (or about 3.02% of the population) who were Islamic . There

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2394-407: The second. Konolfingen has a population (as of December 2020 ) of 5,451. As of 2010 , 8.0% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2001–2011) the population has changed at a rate of 0.6%. Migration accounted for -0.5%, while births and deaths accounted for 0%. Most of the population (as of 2000 ) speaks German (4,281 or 92.9%) as their first language, Italian

2451-599: The secondary sector was 827 of which 565 or (68.3%) were in manufacturing and 262 (31.7%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 1,106. In the tertiary sector; 275 or 24.9% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 42 or 3.8% were in the movement and storage of goods, 108 or 9.8% were in a hotel or restaurant, 67 or 6.1% were the insurance or financial industry, 351 or 31.7% were technical professionals or scientists, 52 or 4.7% were in education and 130 or 11.8% were in health care. In 2000 , there were 1,398 workers who commuted into

2508-545: The strongest radical political voices in Maharashtra in recent times. While contemporary writers were cautiously exploring the limits of social realism, he jumped into the cauldron of political radicalism and courageously exposed political hegemony of the powerful and the hypocrisies in the Indian social mindset. His powerful expression of human angst has resulted in his simultaneously receiving wide public acclaim and high censure from

2565-607: The topic of domination of the male gender over the female. The main character, Sakharam, is a man devoid of ethics and morality, and professes not to believe in "outdated" social codes and conventional marriage. He accordingly uses the society for his own pleasure. He regularly gives "shelter" to abandoned wives and uses them for his sexual gratification while remaining oblivious to the emotional and moral implications of his exploits. He justifies all his acts through claims of modern, unconventional thinking, and comes up with hollow arguments meant in fact to enslave women. Paradoxically, some of

2622-570: The union of Gysenstein and Stalden in 1933. While the current municipality is relatively new, Konolfingen village was an important local administrative center. Under the Counts of Kyburg and later the city of Bern , Konolfingen was the center of a district, the home of the high court and the execution grounds. Originally the town was owned by the Lords of Krauchtal , but in either 1397 or 1424, they donated Konolfingen to Thorberg Abbey . In 1528, Bern adopted

2679-471: The water in the municipality is flowing water. Lying at an altitude of over 650 meters (2,130 ft), Konolfingen is often referred to as the "gateway to the Emmental ." It was created in 1933 through the merger of the former municipalities of Gysenstein and Stalden im Emmental. The municipality includes the new village center which connects the older villages of Konolfingen-Dorf and Stalden. It also includes

2736-409: The woman once he had no further need for her, is detailed in Tendulkar's Kamala . The play was later made into a film Kamla . The real-life story of an actress whose acting career got ruined after her same-sex affair became public knowledge inspired Tendulkar to write Mitrachi Goshta . Tendulkar has translated nine novels, two biographies, and five plays by other authors into Marathi. Besides

2793-477: The women which Sakharam had enslaved buy into his arguments and simultaneously badly want freedom from their enslavement. In 1972, Tendulkar wrote another, even much more acclaimed play, Ghashiram Kotwal ( transl.  Officer Ghashiram ), which dealt with political violence. The play is a political satire created as a musical drama set in 18th century Pune . It combined traditional Marathi folk music and drama with contemporary theatre techniques, creating

2850-600: The world, has also been presented in translation. Radio plays published in English include Hercules in the Augean Stables ( Herkules und der Stall des Augias , 1954), Incident at Twilight ( Abendstunde im Spätherbst , 1952) and The Mission of the Vega ( Das Unternehmen der Wega , 1954). The two late works Labyrinth and Turmbau zu Babel are a collection of unfinished ideas, stories and philosophical thoughts. His novel, A Dangerous Game (also known as Die Panne ( Traps ))

2907-492: Was 1 person who was Buddhist , 36 individuals who were Hindu and 2 individuals who belonged to another church. 157 (or about 3.41% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist , and 143 individuals (or about 3.10% of the population) did not answer the question. In Konolfingen about 1,901 or (41.3%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education , and 519 or (11.3%) have completed additional higher education (either university or

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2964-616: Was a dramatist and theatre personality in Maharashtra for over five decades. Vijay Dhondopant Tendulkar was born in a Gaud Saraswat Brahmin family on 6 January 1928 in Girgaon, Mumbai, Maharashtra, where his father held a clerical job and ran a small publishing business. The literary environment at home prompted young Vijay to take up writing. He wrote his first story at age six. He grew up watching western plays and felt inspired to write plays himself. At age eleven, he wrote, directed, and acted in his first play. At age 14, he participated in

3021-489: Was adapted into a Marathi play, Shantata! Court Chalu Aahe (Silence! The Court Is in Session) by Indian playwright Vijay Tendulkar in 1967. The play has since then been performed in various Indian languages, and made into a film by the same name by Satyadev Dubey . His play The Visit has been adapted and Indianised into a play called Miss.Meena by Chennai -based theatre group 'perch'. The Visit has also been adapted as

3078-629: Was asked if it was not strange that he, who was known as a strong voice against death penalty, had a death wish for Modi, Tendulkar had said that "it was spontaneous anger, which I never see as a solution for anything. Anger doesn't solve problems." In his writing career spanning more than five decades, Tendulkar has written 27 full-length plays and 25 one-act plays. Several of his plays have proven to be Marathi theatre classics. His plays have been translated and performed in many Indian languages. By providing insight into major social events and political upheavals during his adult life, Tendulkar became one of

3135-543: Was for Eashwar Mime Co. (2005), an adaptation of Dibyendu Palit 's story, Mukhabhinoy , and directed by theatre director, Shyamanand Jalan and with Ashish Vidyarthi and Pawan Malhotra as leads. He was the brother of acclaimed cartoonist and humourist Mangesh Tendulkar . Tendulkar died in Pune on 19 May 2008, battling the effects of the rare autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis . Tendulkar's son Raja and wife Nirmala had died in 2001; his daughter Priya Tendulkar died

3192-919: Was honoured with the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1970, and again in 1998 with the academy's highest award for "lifetime contribution", the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship ("Ratna Sadasya"). In 1984, he received the Padma Bhushan award from the Government of India for his literary accomplishments. In 1977, Tendulkar won the National Film Award for Best Screenplay for his screenplay of Shyam Benegal ' s movie, Manthan (1976). He has written screenplays for many significant art movies, such as Nishant , Akrosh , Ardh Satya and Aghaat . A comprehensive list of awards

3249-557: Was too swampy to farm until a drainage project in 1845–55 and the Kiesen river correction project of 1911–15 opened up the land. Following the first drainage project, traffic began to move through the area near Konolfingen. Between 1851 and 1856 the village of Stalden grew in an important stopping place on the Aare valley- Emmental and Burgdorf - Thun roads. In 1864, the Bern-Langnau railroad built

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