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58-778: The Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg Friedrich-Franz Railway ( Großherzoglich Mecklenburgische Friedrich-Franz-Eisenbahn or M.F.F.E. ) was the state railway company in Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz . After its second nationalisation in 1890 up to the merger of the Länderbahnen into the Deutsche Reichsbahn in 1920 it was under the direction of the Grand Duchy's Executive Railway Board ( Großherzoglichen General-Eisenbahndirection or GGED ) in Schwerin . Mecklenburg

116-445: A tank locomotive for branch line operations. In contrast to other German railway administrations the M.F.F.E. ordered no express train locomotives. The transportation of international express trains from Berlin via Warnemünde and Gedser to Copenhagen and the fast trains from Rostock to Hamburg were handled by Prussian P 8s , that with a top speed of 100 km/h had sufficiently high speeds for those services. An overview of

174-573: A branch to Güstrow . On 13 May 1850 the line was finished. Although the Mecklenburg Railway Company had completed the line, it lacked an east–west link that would also connect to the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz . Because there were no financially influential backers, the route Güstrow - Teterow – Malchin – Neubrandenburg was built on the initiative of the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin under sovereign ownership. The route

232-535: A multitude of new railway routes emerged, built by private railway concerns. On the second nationalisation in 1889/1890 the management of the state railway was transferred to the GGED (see above). The railway was known from then on as the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg Friedrich-Franz Railway ( Großherzoglich Mecklenburgische Friedrich-Franz-Eisenbahn, M.F.F.E. ) In 1889/1890 all existing nine private railways were purchased by

290-598: A new station for it in Warnemünde and a harbour with two ferry berths. For the ferry traffic, two ferries were purchased: the "Friedrich-Franz IV" and the "Mecklenburg" . The ferry line was operated jointly with the Danish State Railways . The ferry line enabled direct, through trains possible from Berlin to Copenhagen . The onset of the First World War started the last chapter for the M.F.F.E. Railway traffic

348-519: Is a region in northern Germany comprising the western and larger part of the present day state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern . Its largest cities are Rostock , Schwerin , and Neubrandenburg . In 1815, the two Mecklenburg duchies - Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz - were raised to Grand Duchies, and subsequently existed separately in Germany until the end of World War I . The earlier private railways were nationalised by 1890 into

406-425: Is from 1414. In 1699 it was ravaged by fire, and was not rebuilt until the mid-19th century. The altar , pulpit and double rood loft ( Doppelempore ) were fashioned in the neogothic style. The altar portrays a crucifixion group with Mary, Mary Magdalene and John. It was carved by a Tyrolean carver. The parish of St. George has about 2,300 members. St. Mary's Church is a rectangular, single-aisled, brick building in

464-692: Is the Richard Wossidlo Grammar School). In 1848–49 the country road ( Chaussee ) from Malchow via Waren to Neubrandenburg was built and, with its connexion to the Waren–Malchin railway in 1879, Waren developed into a transport hub . In 1885 the Mecklenburg Southern Railway from Parchim via Waren to Neubrandenburg was opened and, in 1886, the Lloyd Railway from Neustrelitz via Waren to Rostock followed suit. In 1920

522-806: Is the second largest in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern by area. Waren lies on Lake Müritz , the largest inland lake lying entirely within Germany, which has an area of 117 square kilometres (45 square miles). It also lies on the shores of several smaller lakes: the Kölpinsee , the Tiefwarensee , the Feisnecksee , the Melzer See and the Waupacksee . In the middle of the town is the Herrensee . The town's borough includes

580-571: Is thus one of the first places on the territory of the modern-day state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania to be recorded. As such, it is featured as a settlement of the Rugii in the historical strategy game Total War: Rome II (as Virunium ). The name of the town could be derived from the Slavic language and mean place of crows or ravens . Its name may also come from the Germanic tribe of Warini . The name

638-510: The Friedrich-Franz Railway into the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg Friedrich-Franz Railway . The headquarters of the company was moved from Malchin to the state capital, Schwerin. In 1875, the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg Friedrich-Franz Railway was reprivatised. The reason was a dispute between the former railway shareholders and the government, because the latter could not pay back the circa 10 million thalers (30 million marks ) from

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696-773: The Quandt Group. Several thousand POWs , as well as men and women from the countries occupied by Germany, were used as forced labourers there, working sometimes in inhumane conditions. To provide works housing for the German workforce, from 1936 to 1941, a new residential area, the Westsiedlung , was built. For this the Berlin architect, Günther Paul (1898–1976), designed multi-family houses (in Thomas-Mann-Straße, Friedrich-Engels-Platz and Clara Zetkin-Straße ), semi-detached houses and

754-693: The Reich Railways (Deutsche Reichsbahn) in accordance with the requirements of the Weimar Reich Constitution. The management authority for the Reichseisenbahnen in Mecklenburg was the Reichsbahn division of Schwerin. Mecklenburg centred its procurement of locomotives on its largest neighbour, Prussia. As far as possible, Prussian designs were used. One genuine Mecklenburg engine was the T 4 ,

812-629: The Steinborn steam-powered sawmill and the Thiele und Buggisch mill. There was also a milk exporting concern, Natura , a potato factory, the Strubelt steam-powered sawmill, a gas works and a fish-processing plant. There were 14 construction businesses, a roofing felt company, five mills, two cement factories and the Rosengarten Fishery. The Roman Catholic Church was consecrated on 15 September 1929. At

870-667: The Thirty Years' War the town was frequently devastated. The first town hall stood on the Alter Markt and then in the middle on the Neuer Markt . The present town hall on Neuer Markt was built from 1791 to 1797 and extended in 1857. In 1806 there was fighting in the town and surrounding area between Blücher and the French. The canalisation of the River Elde (1798–1803 and 1831–1837) and

928-557: The Thirty Years' War . Nevertheless, the Swedish Empire forced their restoration three years later. When John Albert II 's son, Duke Gustav Adolph , died without male heirs in 1695, Mecklenburg was reunited once more under Frederick William, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin . In June 1692, when Christian Louis I died in exile and without sons, a dispute arose about the succession to his duchy between his brother, Adolphus Frederick II , and his nephew, Frederick William . The emperor and

986-413: The public domain :  Chisholm, Hugh , ed. (1911). " Mecklenburg ". Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 1018–1020. Circles est. 1500: Bavarian , Swabian , Upper Rhenish , Lower Rhenish–Westphalian , Franconian , (Lower) Saxon Waren (M%C3%BCritz) Waren (Müritz) (also Waren an der Müritz ) is a town and climatic spa in

1044-610: The 1970s, large parts of the historic old town were demolished; sacrificed for a large-scale new traffic system. This devastation resulted in a raising of awareness in Waren among many of the residents, especially for the preservation of the remaining, often centuries-old buildings of the Old Town. A citizen's movement "Save the Old Town" was established long before the Berlin Wall fell and the border re-opened and their work has contributed greatly to

1102-585: The Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg Friedrich-Franz Railway. The first railway route in Mecklenburg was the Prussian Berlin–Hamburg line , which opened in 1846. As a result, stations appeared in Ludwigslust and Hagenow and other places. On 10 March 1846 the Mecklenburg Railway Company was given the concession to build a route from Hagenow to Schwerin and on to Wismar , and via Bützow to Rostock with

1160-682: The Kingdom of Sweden. In 1806 the territory was overrun by the First French Empire , and in 1808 Frederick Francis I joined the Confederation of the Rhine . He was later the first member of the confederation to abandon Napoleon , to whose armies he had sent a contingent, and in 1813–1814 he fought against France. With the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Frederick Francis I of Mecklenburg-Schwerin received

1218-574: The Old Market ( Alter Markt ) in the Old Town ( Altstadt ). St. George's was first mentioned in 1273. On Alter Markt (today: Alter Markt 14 ) was the first town hall. A little later the New Town ( Neustadt ) was founded around St. Mary's Church, which was merged in 1325 with the Old Town. Its new centre was New Market ( Neue Markt ), which joined the Old and New Towns. A town wall ran around the town. In 1292 Waren

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1276-592: The beginning of the 13th century. The windows of the sacristy, in Romanesque style, have survived. Waren (Müritz) station offers fast rail connections to Rostock at the Baltic Sea , Berlin , Leipzig and Munich . Within the town a network of buses is available. Several regional buses connect the town to almost every village in the district and the towns in the surroundings. There are also boat connections to Klink , Röbel , Malchow , Plau and Land Fleesensee via

1334-536: The cavalry captain, Rittmeister Stephan von le Fort (1884–1953) from Gut Boek , gathered a group of Freikorps fighters around him and imposed a state of siege on the town of Waren during the Kapp Putsch on 17 March 1920. On 18 March, he and his cousin, Reichswehr lieutenant Peter Alexander von le Fort, gave orders for a cannon and three machine guns to open fire on the town from Gallows Hill ( Galgenberg ), resulting in five deaths and eleven seriously wounded. After

1392-627: The characteristic M.F.F.E. in the centre and the functional, yet attractive, old station buildings from the early days of the railway, for example in Teterow, Malchin and Stavenhagen. Other memorabilia from the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg Friedrich-Franz Railway are housed by the Molli Museum at Kühlungsborn -West station on the so-called Molli's Spa Railway ( Bäderbahn Molli ). Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin The dynasty's progenitor, Niklot (1090–1160),

1450-561: The charm of the town centre today. During the Cold War , Waren was home to one of the four central nuclear missile depots of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany . In 1991, after German reunification , the historic town centre between Lake Müritz and the Tiefwarensee lake was renovated as part of an urban development programme. The town with its two churches, town hall, old and new markets and

1508-498: The construction and operation of railways led in 1873 to the nationalisation of the railways in Mecklenburg. The Mecklenburg government also wanted to preempt the purchase of the railways by the Reich railways planned by Chancellor Otto von Bismarck . The operating profits of the Mecklenburg Railway Company were another reason for the takeover. On 20 April 1873 the state government bought the Mecklenburg Railway Company and merged it with

1566-573: The construction of the Bolter Canal (1831–1837) resulted in an economic boom in the town. In 1839 a vocational school was founded. In 1845 the first public baths opened on the Müritz. In 1862 the Birkenstädt Brewery was founded in present-day Müritzstraße by the town harbour; the brewery closed again in 1920. In 1869 the grammar school ( Gymnasium ) opened, initially as a progymnasium , (today it

1624-573: The district elections on 1 November 1931, the Nazis were the largest party. They filled the post of district chief executive ( Amtshauptmann ) on 1 April 1932 and mayor in December 1932. During the Nazi era , Jewish townsfolk were persecuted, expelled and murdered in concentration camps. The Jewish community, which had numbered 150 in the middle of the 19th century, had dwindled by April 1938 to nine. The old synagogue

1682-405: The east of the Old Town. The so-called New Town ( Neustadt ) was founded around it. The West Tower with its very striking upper section was built in the early 14th century, the upper part itself dating to 1790–1972. The rectangular fieldstone chancel is made from the remains of the former castle chapel of Waren Castle which no longer exists but stood on what is now Große Burgstraße . This is dated to

1740-471: The eastern territories had entered the town. By the spring of 1946, there was a typhus epidemic that claimed many victims. The facilities of the "Memefa" and the steam mill and Thiele Buggisch were dismantled as war reparations and sent to the Soviet Union. The Rostock to Neustrelitz railway and the sections of line from Malchow to Karow and Möllenhagen to Neubrandenburg were closed and the track removed. In

1798-453: The engines used by the M.F.F.E. is given in the List of Mecklenburg locomotives . Only a few signs of Mecklenburg' former railway are left today. In Schwerin the building of the Grand Duchy's Executive Railway Board ( Großherzoglichen General-Eisenbahndirection ), which housed the Reichsbahn division of Schwerin until its disbandment, still stands. On the routes there are a few incline markers with

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1856-497: The former County of Schwerin in 1358, he made Schwerin his residence. In 1363 Albert's son, Duke Albert III , campaigned in Sweden , where he was crowned king one year later. In 1436, William, the last Lord of Werle, died without a male heir. Because William's son-in-law, Ulric II of Mecklenburg-Stargard, had no issue, his line became extinct upon Ulric's death in 1471. All possessions fell back to Duke Henry IV of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, who

1914-559: The grammar school and the Warener Hof hotel became emergency wards. On 1 May 1945 the Red Army occupied the town without a fight. In October, Friedrich Dethloff (KPD) became the new mayor, by order of the Soviet military commander. The Soviet NKVD centre at Kietzstraße 10 , the "House of Horrors", was known for its tough interrogation and torture. By the end of the year, over 6,000 refugees from

1972-517: The imperial court of justice declared the duke incapable of governing. His brother, Christian Ludwig II , was appointed administrator of the duchy. Under this prince, who became ruler de jure in 1747, the Convention of Rostock, by which a new constitution was framed for the duchy, was signed in April 1755. By this instrument, all power lay in the hands of the duke, the nobles, and the upper classes generally;

2030-596: The line. After 1868 its construction had to be discontinued due to a lack of funding; the state took over the line on 24 April 1870 and began operations on 1 July 1870 between Kleinen and Lübeck. In Lübeck the Friedrich-Franz line built its own goods station, called the Lübeck Mecklenburg marshalling station . For passenger services it shared the Lübeck-Büchen railway' s station. The desire for state control over

2088-498: The lordships of Stargard and Rostock , and bequeathed the reunified Mecklenburg lands – except for the County of Schwerin and Werle – to his sons, Albert II and John. After they both had received the title of duke, the former lordship of Stargard was recast as the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Stargard for John in 1352. Albert II retained the larger western part of Mecklenburg, and after he acquired

2146-625: The lower classes were entirely unrepresented. During the Seven Years' War , Frederick II took a hostile attitude towards Frederick the Great , and in consequence Mecklenburg-Schwerin was occupied by Prussia . In other respects Frederick II 's rule proved beneficial to the country. In the early years of the French Revolutionary Wars , Frederick Francis I, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin remained neutral, and in 1803 he regained Wismar from

2204-417: The parish of Jabel, there is an enclosure of European Bison which is open to visitors. In the historic town centre of Waren (Müritz) are many restaurants, cafés, bars and several shopping streets. The Müritzeum is the biggest freshwater aquarium for native fish species in Germany and has an interactive, multimedia exhibition of the attractions and features of the Müritz region and Müritz National Park. At

2262-463: The putsch was suppressed, both men fled to Munich and Austria and the family seat was seized by the Free State of Mecklenburg-Strelitz . At the back of Waren Town Hall , a bullet hole can still be seen today as reminder of the affair. In 1920 the town began raising a spa tax. On 3 December 1920 Waren became the county town of the county of Waren . On 11 November 1925 the sub-district ( Amt ) of Röbel

2320-503: The railway purchase. The outcome of the dispute was the formation of the Mecklenburg Friedrich-Franz Railway Company ( Mecklenburgischen Friedrich-Franz-Eisenbahngesellschaft or M.F.F.E. ) as a limited company on 2 April 1875. This private railway company existed until the second nationalisation on 1 February 1890. Under the M.F.F.E. a railway line was built between Waren und Malchin. Between 1875 and 1890

2378-457: The rule of the dukes and affirmed the reputation of Mecklenburg as one of the most backward territories of the Empire. Mecklenburg-Schwerin began its existence during a series of constitutional struggles between the duke and the nobles. The heavy debt incurred by Charles Leopold , who had joined Russian Empire in a war against Sweden , brought matters to a head; Charles VI interfered, and in 1728

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2436-623: The rulers of Sweden and of the Electorate of Brandenburg took part in this struggle, which was intensified three years later, when on the death of Gustav Adolph , the family ruling over Mecklenburg-Güstrow became extinct. In 1701, with the endorsement of the Imperial state of the Lower Saxon Circle , the Treaty of Hamburg (1701) was signed and the final division of the country was made. Mecklenburg

2494-419: The same time the Müritzeum acts as an information- and nature experience centre for the Mecklenburg Lake District as a whole. Over 40 species of fish from Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania may be seen. St. George's Church dates to the early 14th century and is a three-aisled basilica with a four-bayed nave , that is covered by a cross-ribbed vaulted ceiling. The building is made of brick. The square West Tower

2552-403: The so-called foremen's homes. As a result, the population grew by more than 4,000. In Warenshof, a naval base ( Marinenlager ) was established as hutted camp for training the intelligence service of the Navy. During the Second World War a naval hospital was set up in the Müritzhöhe spa centre. In addition, during the final months of the war, the primary school ( Volksschule ) on Denkmalstraße ,

2610-419: The state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern , Germany . It was the capital of the former district of Müritz ( Kreis Müritz ) until the district reform of 2011. It is situated at the northern end of Lake Müritz , approximately 40 kilometres west of Neubrandenburg . Waren is home to the offices of the sub-district ( Amt ) of Seenlandschaft Waren , although the town itself is independent of any Amt . Its borough

2668-431: The state, the acquisition of the larger, more profitable companies taking a little longer. The ' Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg Friedrich-Franz Railway built a number of new routes in order to provide better rail transport services for the country: In 1903 the post steamer link from Warnemünde to Nykøbing/Falster , which had existed since 1886, was replaced by a railway ferry from Warnemünde to Gedser . The M.F.F.E. built

2726-411: The stores has been improved. Since 1 May 1999 the town has been able to call itself a "state-approved health resort", but its target is to become a recognised saltwater health spa . (as a 31 December in each case) 1 December There is a number of official parks around Waren, such as the Nossentiner/Schwinzer Heath Nature Park or the Müritz National Park . On the Damerower Werder, which belongs to

2784-410: The title of Grand Duke. After the fall of the monarchies in 1918 resulting from World War I, the Grand Duchy became the Free State of Mecklenburg-Schwerin . On 1 January 1934 it was united with the neighbouring Free State of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (both today part of the Germany's Bundesland Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ). [REDACTED]   This article incorporates text from a publication now in

2842-412: The town of Waren (Müritz) itself, as well as the villages of Warenshof, Alt Falkenhagen, Neu Falkenhagen, Jägerhof, Rügeband, Schwenzin, Eldenholz and Eldenburg. The town is divided into the following quarters: Waren (along with Gnoien , Bützow and several other settlements that cannot be placed) was mentioned as early as 150 A.D. by the Alexandrine geographer, Claudius Ptolemy , (as Virunum ) and

2900-447: Was a chief of the Slavic Obotrite tribal federation, who fought against the advancing Saxons and was finally defeated in 1160 by Henry the Lion in the course of the Wendish Crusade . Niklot's son, Pribislav , submitted to Henry, and in 1167 came into his paternal inheritance as the first Prince of Mecklenburg. After various divisions of territory among Pribislav's descendants, Henry II of Mecklenburg (1266–1329) by 1312 had acquired

2958-448: Was described for the first time as civitas (which meant it now had town rights ) and from 1331 as oppidum (small town). In 1306 the town was given fishing rights on Lake Müritz. From 1347 to 1425 Waren was the Residenz of a branch of the House of Werle who were part of the Obodrites family. The Werle castle probably stood south of St. Mary's on Burgstraße . As a result of major fires in 1568, 1637, 1671, 1673 and 1699 and

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3016-440: Was divided between the two claimants. The Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin was given to Frederick William , and the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz , roughly a recreation of the medieval Stargard lordship, to Adolphus Frederick II . At the same time, the principle of primogeniture was reasserted, and the right of summoning the joint Landtag was reserved to the ruler of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Continued conflicts and partitions weakened

3074-436: Was formerly spelt Wahren , Warne or, in Latin, Warnae . In 1914 the place was given the official name Waren (Müritz) (Müritz, the name of the lake, comes from the Wend word Morcze = German: Meer = "sea"). The medieval town was founded around 1260 on the trade route from Stargard Land to Wismar near a castle and a Slavic village by settlers from Westphalia . The original town sprang up around St. George's Church, on

3132-400: Was incorporated into the Amt of Waren. In 1925 the first electric lights were lit. In the same year Waren Harbour reached its economic peak – 188 ships arrived and 208 departed handling a total of 22,330 tonnes of goods. In 1927 the following big firms were operating in the town: the Naschkatze dairy, the Piechatzek engineering works and iron foundry (today Mecklenburger Metallguss ),

3190-417: Was opened on 11 November 1864 at Teterow station in the presence of both the Mecklenburg grand dukes. This was followed in 1867 by a railway connexion over the Prussian border to Strasburg (Uckermark) . The railway division established its headquarters in Malchin. To continue the route as far as Lübeck the Lübeck-Kleinen Railway Company was founded and it was given the concession on 20 December 1865 to build

3248-486: Was reprioritised to support the war. Railway officials were called to war to an unprecedented extent. Railway materiel had to be given to other railways and railway operations were coordinated under the direction of the military across state and railway administration boundaries. After the November Revolution and the abdication of the Grand Duke on 13 November 1918 the railways were renamed the Mecklenburg State Railway ( Mecklenburgische Landeseisenbahn ) and transferred to

3306-449: Was sold in 1936 to a private owner, so that it was not destroyed by the Nazis. However, the Jewish cemetery was desecrated and destroyed in the November Pogrom of 1938. Since 1961 a memorial has commemorated it. In 1942 there were no Jews left in Waren. From 1936 the Dürener Metallwerke (suppliers to the military aircraft industry) established a plant in Waren, the Mecklenburgische Metallwarenfabrik Waren or Memefa , which belonged to

3364-445: Was then the sole ruler over all of Mecklenburg. In 1520 Henry's grandsons, Henry V and Albert VII , again divided the duchy, creating the subdivision of Mecklenburg-Güstrow , which Duke Adolf Frederick I of Mecklenburg-Schwerin inherited in 1610. In a second partition of 1621, he granted Güstrow to his brother, John Albert II . Both were deposed in 1628 by Albrecht von Wallenstein , as they had supported Christian IV of Denmark in

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