50-628: Fremtiden was a Norwegian newspaper, published in Drammen , Norway, between 1905 and 2000. It was an official publication of Norwegian Labour Party in Buskerud . Fremtiden was started in 1905. Its first editor was Torgeir Vraa , who edited the newspaper from its start until his death in 1934. The paper became the main organ for the Norwegian Labour Party in Buskerud. During the 1980s its circulation
100-483: A distinct relief to Frederick, even though the Polish War was full of latent peril to Denmark. Frederick was resolved upon a rupture with Sweden at the first convenient opportunity. When Rigsdagen assembled on 23 February 1657, it willingly granted considerable subsidies for mobilization and other military expenses. On 23 April he received the assent of the majority of Rigsraadet to attack Sweden's German dominions . In
150-526: A further assault on his neighbor. Terror was the first feeling produced at Copenhagen by the landing of the main Swedish army at Korsør on Zealand on 17 July 1658. None had anticipated the possibility of such a sudden and brutal attack, and everyone knew that the Danish capital was very inadequately fortified and garrisoned. During this war, Frederick attained great popularity in the general public, as he rebuked
200-420: A market town with the name Frederiksstrøm. The proposal was rejected by King Frederick III . Bragernes received limited market town rights in 1715, and merged with Strømsø to gain status as a single city on 19 June 1811. Its geographical location made the city favorable for seafaring, shipbuilding , log driving , timber trade. During the 19th century, paper and pulp industries were developed. Large parts of
250-552: A public pathway along the Drammenselva river. In 2011, Drammen observed its 200th anniversary with many citywide jubilee celebrations. Drammen's district heating system was upgraded to use water-sourced heat pumps , drawing on local fjord water, to support population growth in the city. Drammen is one of the larger cities in Norway, and lies about 40 kilometres (25 mi) from the capital of Norway, Oslo . The city centre lies at
300-672: Is 13 October (1981–2010 average). The Drammen-Berskog weather station has been operating since 2004. An earlier weather station named Drammen-Marienlyst (3 m) operated from 1966 to 2003. As of 2022, Immigrants and Norwegian-born with immigrant parents in Drammen is 29 per cent, of which 25 per cent are Norwegian-born with immigrant parents. As of 2022, immigrants of non-Western origin and their children enumerated 20,507 and made up an estimated 22% of Drammen's population. Immigrants of Western origin and their children enumerated 9,333 and made up an estimated 9% of Drammen's population. Aass Brewery
350-533: Is a public swimming and training facility located in Marienlyst, Drammen. It was one of the largest in Norway when it opened 1 September 2008. They have five indoor and four outdoor pools. Bragernes Torg is the largest town square in Norway and one of the longest in the Nordics. Drammen is twinned with: Frederick III of Denmark Frederick III ( Danish : Frederik ; 18 March 1609 – 9 February 1670 )
400-526: Is based upon the old seal dating from 1723 for Bragernes , one of the central parts of Drammen. The motto for Bragernes (in Latin ) was In Fide Et Justitia Fortitudo (English: in faith and justice is strength ), and the items in the seal are referring to this: key = faith, sword = justice, column on rocks = strength. On January 1, 2020, the municipalities of Svelvik, Nedre Eiker and Drammen merged to form «The New Drammen Municipality». The new municipality, which
450-456: Is centrally located in the south-eastern and most populated part of Norway. Drammen municipality also includes smaller towns and villages such as Konnerud , Svelvik , Mjøndalen and Skoger . Drammen is located west of the Oslofjord inlet, situated approximately 44 km (27 mi) southwest of the capital city of Oslo. There are more than 100,000 inhabitants in the municipality, though the city
500-526: Is now called Drammen, is Norway's seventh largest with over 100,000 residents. The main seat of the Greater Municipality is located in the city of Drammen. Drammen city had a population of 82.875 inhabitants in 2021, but serves as a regional centre for an area that had a population of 110.236 inhabitants in 2021. The city is the country's record champion in environment and urban development, 21 prices since 2003 with 16 national and 5 international. After
550-433: Is the oldest surviving brewery in Norway, and has won acclaim for both its beer and its well-conserved building. Founded in 1834, the brewery's primary products are soft drinks, beer and aquavit. The Drammen Museum of Art and Cultural History includes Marienlyst, a manor house from ca. 1770, museum building from 1930 with the museum's administration, permanent exhibitions and collections, and Lyche pavilion from 1990 with
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#1733086143695600-458: Is the regional capital of an area with around 82,000 residents. Drammen, and its adjacent communities, are experiencing more socioeconomic and population growth than ever before. The city makes good use of the Drammensfjord , a waterway utilised for recreation, fishing and other activities, as well as waterfront housing. The Old Norse form of the city's name was Drafn , and this was originally
650-429: The Drammenselva river) and Strømsø and Tangen (both on the southern side of the river). For trade purposes, small seaports were placed under market towns. Despite their geographical proximity, Bragernes was placed under Christiania and Strømsø under Tønsberg . For this reason, cooperation between the adjacent seaport towns was almost impossible. In 1662, a merger was proposed to unite Strømsø and Bragernes to form
700-815: The Holy Roman Empire . He was granted administration of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (1635–45), the Prince-Bishopric of Verden (1623–29 and again 1634–44), and named coadjutor of the Bishopric of Halberstadt . Thus, from an early age, he had considerable experience as an administrator. At the age of eighteen, he was the chief commandant of the Bremian fortress of Stade . During the Torstenson War of 1643–45, Frederick lost control of his possessions within
750-543: The Danish monarchy. The war was ended by the Treaty of Copenhagen in May 1660, which confirmed the cession of Scania , Halland , and Blekinge from the Treaty of Roskilde, while Bornholm and parts of Schleswig reverted to Denmark. Frederick III profited by his spirited defense of the common interests of the country and the dynasty. The traditional loyalty of the Danish middle classes
800-763: The Return Fleet from the Dutch East Indies from the English navy. The English had blocked the English Channel , forcing the Return Fleet to sail all around the British Isles. The Dutch took refuge in Bergen, Norway , pursued by English warships. There they were protected by the fortress at the harbor, whose commander treated them as Danish allies. The English urged Frederick to seize the Return Fleet for himself, claiming that it
850-579: The administrative structure from chancellery to resort colleges and replaced the administrative divisions of fiefs with amt counties. In 1665, the Kongeloven ( Lex Regia ) was introduced: the “constitution” of Danish-Norwegian absolute monarchy, and the first assertion of divine right underpinned by a written constitution in Europe. It decreed that the Monarch "shall from this day forth be revered and considered
900-409: The advice of his counsellors to flee Copenhagen with the memorable words "I will die in my nest" and actively led the defense of the city. On 8 August, representatives from all Estates in the capital urged the necessity of a vigorous resistance, and the citizens of Copenhagen, headed by the mayor Hans Nansen , protested their unshakable loyalty to the king and their determination to defend Copenhagen to
950-548: The beginning of May, the still pending negotiations with that power were broken off, and on 1 June Frederick signed the manifesto justifying a war, which was never formally declared. The Swedish king confounded all the plans of his enemies with the March across the Belts in January and February 1658. The effect of this unheard-of achievement of crossing the frozen sea to invade Danish territory
1000-479: The centre of Drammen suffered from heavy traffic. In 1970, Drammen Bridge with two lanes on European route E18 was built (expanded to four lanes in 2006) and in 1999 the opening of the Bragernes tunnel ( Bragernestunnelen ) diverted additional traffic away from the centre of the city. In recent years, the city centre has seen the introduction of new housing, shopping facilities, restaurants, cafes and bars, as well as
1050-468: The city were ruined in the great fire of 12–13 July 1866, which led to the reconstruction of the city centre, including the characteristic town square and Bragernes church. The Drammen Line ( Drammenbanen ) opened in 1872 providing rail service between Drammen and Oslo. In 1909, Drammen got the first trolleybus system in Scandinavia , the Drammen trolleybus . The lines ran until 1967. For many years
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#17330861436951100-512: The compensating virtues of moderation and self-control. On 1 October 1643 Frederick wed Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg , the daughter of George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg , who had an energetic, passionate, and ambitious character. He was an enthusiastic collector of books and his collection became the foundation for the Copenhagen Royal Library . In his youth, Frederick became the instrument of his father's political schemes in
1150-416: The desire to make the personal acquaintance of his conqueror and Charles X consented to be his guest for three days, 3 to 5 March, at Frederiksborg Palace . Splendid banquets lasting far into the night and intimate conversations between princes who had only just emerged from a mortal struggle seemed to point to nothing but peace and friendship in the future. Charles's suspicion of Denmark-Norway led him to
1200-602: The empire. He was then appointed commander in the royal shares in the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein by his father. His command was not successful, chiefly owing to his quarrels with the Earl-Marshal Anders Bille , who commanded the Danish forces. This was Frederick's first collision with the Danish nobility , who afterwards regarded him with extreme distrust. The death of his elder brother Christian in June 1647 opened
1250-575: The end of a valley , on both sides of the Drammenselva river, and where the river meets the Drammensfjord . The Holmen island in Drammen is also the main harbor for car and fruit import in Norway. The Drammen region is part of the metropolitan region around Oslo and the country's fifth largest urban area, it extends far beyond the municipal boundaries; into the municipalities of Lier , Asker , Øvre Eiker and Holmestrand . The total population of
1300-483: The financial problems faced after the wars, Frederick played the different Estates against each other. He succeeded in gaining support for the hereditary monarchy, the annulment of the Haandfæstning , and the institution of absolute monarchical rule by decree. During the last ten years of his reign, the king again took a relative obscure position while the new monarchy was built up and the country tried to recover after
1350-485: The gallery, temporary exhibitions and museum café, Halling yard, with 5 old buildings, the oldest from 1760s. The museum also includes the two largest preserved like farms in Drammen, Gulskogen Manor and Austad farm . The Drammen Spiral is a road tunnel that allows access to the Skansen Ridge , 180 m (591 ft) above the town. It opened in 1961 on the site of a former quarry. Drammen Theater in Bragernes
1400-415: The merger of the municipalities Drammen, Nedre Eiker and Svelvik in 2020, the municipality was then divided into ten municipal regions: Rock carvings at Åskollen and Austad are 6000 to 7000 years old, and are the first signs of human activity in the area. The largest rock carving at Åskollen depicts a moose . Drammen originally consisted of three small seaports : Bragernes (on the northern side of
1450-643: The most perfect and supreme person on the Earth by all his subjects, standing above all human laws and having no judge above his person, neither in spiritual nor temporal matters, except God alone." This law consequently authorized the king to abolish all other centers of power. Most important was the abolition of the Council of the Realm . In 1665, Frederick had an opportunity to repay the Netherlands for their support, by protecting
1500-413: The name of the inner part of Drammensfjord . The fjord is, however, probably named after the river Drammenselva (Norse Drǫfn ), and this again is derived from drǫfn f ' wave '. The coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted on 17 November 1960. The arms has a silver-colored column on top a silver-colored bedrock crossed with a silver-colored key and sword against a blue background. It
1550-608: The possibility for Frederick to be elected heir apparent to the Danish-Norwegian throne. However, this issue was still unsettled when Christian IV died on 28 February 1648. After long deliberation among the Danish Estates and in Rigsraadet (royal council), he was finally accepted as his father's successor. On 6 July, Frederick received the homage of his subjects, and he was crowned on 23 November. However, due to misgivings about
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1600-523: The rule of Christian IV, as well as Frederick's previous confrontational administrations in Bremen and Verden and his quarrels with Anders Bille , he was only elected after he had signed a Haandfæstning charter. The Haandfæstning included provisions curtailing the already diminished royal prerogative in favour of increased influence for the Rigsraadet . In the first years of his reign, Rigsraadet
1650-637: The settlement is 110,236 inhabitants as of 1 January 2021. In 2008 Drammen won the prestigious prize for the best city development in Europe. Drammen has a humid continental climate (Dfb). Located at a sheltered location at the head of a narrow fjord branch of innermost Oslofjord, Drammen is one of the warmest cities in Scandinavia in summer. The warmest month on record was July 2018 with mean 22.3 °C (72.1 °F), average daily high 29.3 °C (84.7 °F) and 11 days with highs at or above 30 °C (86 °F). The all-time high 35 °C (95 °F)
1700-606: The throne after the death of his older brother Prince Christian in 1647. He instituted absolute monarchy in Denmark-Norway in 1660, confirmed by law in 1665 as the first in Western historiography . He also ordered the creation of the Throne Chair of Denmark . After failed and costly aggressive wars under Christian IV, most Danes did not want to go to war again. According to Cathal Nolan, when Frederick III became king in 1648, he
1750-459: The uttermost. The Danes had only three weeks of warning of the approaching danger, and the vast and dilapidated line of defence had at first only 2,000 regular defenders. But the government and the people displayed a memorable and exemplary energy under the constant supervision of the king and queen and mayor Nansen. By the beginning of September, all the breaches were repaired, the walls bristled with cannons, and 7,000 men were under arms. So strong
1800-426: The wars. New men came into government, which was marked by a rivalry between the ministers and councillors like Hannibal Sehested and the king's favourite Kristoffer Gabel . During the early and mid 1660s there was an influential circle around Sehested, Frederik Ahlefeldt , Peter Bülche , Hans Svane , Jacob Petersen and Theodor Lente , who became increasingly opposed to Gabel. Frederick concentrated on changing
1850-426: Was King of Denmark and Norway from 1648 until his death in 1670. He also governed under the name Frederick II as diocesan administrator (colloquially referred to as prince-bishop) of the Prince-Bishopric of Verden (1623–29 and again 1634–44), and the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (1635–45). The second-eldest son of Christian IV and Anne Catherine of Brandenburg , Frederick was only considered an heir to
1900-651: Was about to suffer a catastrophic defeat in the Second Northern War , Frederick III declared war on Sweden. Unexpectedly, Charles X Gustav crossed the frozen Belts to Zealand and appeared with 5,000 men near Copenhagen. Frederick III was unprepared and forced to sign the Treaty of Roskilde . Frederick disbanded the elective monarchy in favour of absolute monarchy, which lasted until 1814 in Norway and 1848 in Denmark. He married Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg , with whom he fathered Christian V of Denmark . Frederick
1950-461: Was around 20,000 copies. Fremtiden ceased to appear in 2000. The newspaper reappeared as Dagsavisen Fremtiden in 2013. This is a local edition of Dagsavisen . It is partly written by staff in Drammen while the rest of the newspaper consists of material from Dagsavisen . Drammen Drammen ( Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈdrɑ̀mːən] ) is a city and municipality in Buskerud county, Norway . The port and river city of Drammen
2000-481: Was born at Haderslev in Slesvig , the son of Christian IV and Anne Catherine of Brandenburg . In his youth and early manhood, there was no prospect of his ascending the Danish-Norwegian throne, as his older brother Christian was elected heir apparent of Denmark in 1608, and was proclaimed as heir apparent of Norway in 1610. During his early childhood, he was raised under the supervision of Beate Huitfeldt . Frederick
2050-468: Was built in 1869 and was designed by architect Emil Victor Langlet . The theater was the first modern theater in the country. It was designed in a complex Renaissance style with symmetrical facades and round arched windows. After Drammen Theater suffered total destruction by fire in December 1993, a new theater was rebuilt on the model of the original house. It was finished during February 1997. Drammensbadet
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2100-448: Was crushing. Frederick at once sued for peace. Yielding to the persuasions of the English and French ministers, Charles finally agreed to be content with mutilating, instead of annihilating, the Danish monarchy. The Treaty of Taastrup was signed on 18 February and the Treaty of Roskilde on 26 February 1658. The conclusion of peace was followed by a remarkable episode. Frederick expressed
2150-456: Was educated at Sorø Academy and studied in the Netherlands and France . As a young man, he demonstrated an interest in theology , natural sciences , and Scandinavian history . He was a reserved and enigmatic prince who seldom laughed, spoke little, and wrote less, a striking contrast to Christian IV. Even though he lacked the impulsive and jovial qualities of his father, Frederick possessed
2200-598: Was excluded from the talks leading to the Peace of Westphalia and had to watch as Bremen was lost to rivaling Sweden , also freed from paying Oresund Tolls . In order to be elected king after the death of his father, Frederick III conceded significant influence to the nobility. As king, he fought losing wars against Sweden. He was defeated in the Dano-Swedish War of 1657–1658 , and in the Dano-Swedish War of 1658–1660 . However, when it seemed like king Charles X Gustav of Sweden
2250-800: Was more valuable than the whole of his kingdom. Instead of protecting the Dutch, Frederick agreed to collaborate with the English in seizing the Return Fleet. But before the Danish-Norwegian fleet or word of the deal reached Bergen, the English attacked, and were defeated in the Battle of Vågen by the Dutch, supported by the fortress. Frederick III died at Copenhagen Castle and is interred in Roskilde Cathedral . Frederick married Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg in Castle Glücksburg on 1 October 1643. The marriage had been arranged in 1640. Frederick was, at
2300-465: Was not a man to recognize fully his own limitations and that of his country. But he rightly regarded the accession of Charles X of Sweden on 6 June 1654 as a source of danger to Denmark-Norway . He felt that temperament and policy would combine to make Charles an aggressive warrior-king: the only uncertainty was in which direction he would turn his arms first. Charles's invasion of Poland in July 1655 came as
2350-473: Was recorded August 3, 1982, and is a tie with the national high for the month. The September record high is the national record. The all-time low −28 °C (−18 °F) was recorded in January 1987, which is the coldest month on record with mean −13.8 °C (7.2 °F) and average daily low −17.1 °C (1.2 °F). In more recent years, December 2010 was almost as cold. The average date for first overnight freeze (low below 0 °C (32 °F)) in autumn
2400-511: Was the city by this time that Charles X, abandoning his original intention of carrying the place by assault, began a regular siege. This he also was forced to abandon when an auxiliary Dutch fleet reinforced and reprovisioned the garrison and defeated him on 29 October in the Battle of the Sound . The Dutch then assisted in the liberation of the Danish Isles in 1659. Thus, the Danish capital had saved
2450-568: Was the main power center of Danish politics. However, Frederick wielded more effective power than what the Haandfæstning officially granted. He eventually succeeded in removing the two most influential members of Rigsraadet from office in 1651: his brothers-in-law Corfitz Ulfeldt and Hannibal Sehested . Ulfeldt went into exile in Sweden where he turned traitor, while Sehested was restored to favour in 1660. With all his good qualities, Frederick
2500-563: Was transformed into enthusiasm for the king personally, and for a brief period Frederick found himself the most popular man in his kingdom. He made use of his popularity by converting the elective monarchy into an absolute monarchy by the Revolution of 1660. To ensure this conversion he instituted the 1660 state of emergency in Denmark . At the September 1660 gathering of the Estates, intended to solve
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