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113-594: A visitor center offers information on the several sites of Fremont and the East Bay . The park lies directly adjacent to the Hayward Fault Line , and is bordered by Stevenson Boulevard and Paseo Padre Parkway. Visitors are able to rent out boats for hourly use at varying rates. The park offers one person and two person Kayaks , paddle boats for up to four passengers, stand-up paddle boards and sailboats. Park guests are also permitted to bring their private boats for use on

226-649: A $ 535-million Department of Energy loan guarantee and the company built a $ 733 million state-of-the-art robotic facility, but in 2011 the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy and laid-off 1,000 workers. Data storage company Seagate Technology , incorporated in the Republic of Ireland with executive offices in Cupertino, acquired the former Solyndra building, which serves as Seagate's headquarters since 2020. In 1956, five small, independent towns (Centerville, Niles, Irvington, Mission San José, and Warm Springs) located between

339-416: A black bear sees a grizzly coming, it either turns tail and runs or climbs a tree. Black bears are not strong competition for prey because they have a more herbivorous diet. Confrontations are rare because of the differences in size, habitats, and diets of the bear species. When this happens, it is usually with the grizzly being the aggressor. The black bear will only fight when it is a smaller grizzly such as

452-460: A carcass, which is commonly an elk killed by wolves. The grizzly bear uses its keen sense of smell to locate the kill. As the wolves and grizzly compete for the kill, one wolf may try to distract the bear while the others feed. The bear then may retaliate by chasing the wolves. If the wolves become aggressive with the bear, it is normally in the form of quick nips at its hind legs. Thus, the bear will sit down and use its ability to protect itself in

565-605: A city. Glenmoor Gardens, the largest subdivision in Fremont, was under construction in the area, by developers Ralph E. Cotter Jr., James R. Meyer, civil engineer Fred T. Duvall, and contractors James L. Reeder, and Robert H. Reeder. When the Glenmoor Gardens Homeowners Association (GGHA) was incorporated, in March 1953, there were no more than 75 houses in the subdivision. It was probably the first such organization in

678-687: A female scent difficult in such low population densities. Population fragmentation of grizzlies may destabilize the population from inbreeding depression . The gestation period for grizzly bears is approximately 180–250 days. Litter size varies between one and four cubs, typically comprising twins or triplets. Cubs are always born in the mother's winter den while she is in hibernation. Female grizzlies are fiercely protective of their cubs, being able to fend off predators including larger male bears. Cubs feed entirely on their mother's milk until summer comes, after which they still drink milk but begin to eat solid foods. Cubs gain weight rapidly during their time with

791-402: A ferry. Realizing the financial opportunity of the area, the former slaves constructed the first building at the cross roads, a tavern with an inn. This tavern was later known as Dave's Saloon. This corner, today the intersection of Fremont and Washington Boulevards, Union and Bay Streets, is now commonly known as "Five Corners" or Irvington Square. Irvington Square's marker, Irvington Plaza park,

904-466: A full circle. Rarely do interactions such as these end in death or serious injury to either animal. One carcass simply is not usually worth the risk to the wolves (if the bear has the upper hand due to strength and size) or to the bear (if the wolves are too numerous or persistent). While wolves usually dominate grizzly bears during interactions at wolf dens, both grizzly and black bears have been reported killing wolves and their cubs at wolf dens even when

1017-599: A grizzly in Colorado since 1979. Other provinces and the United States may use a combination of methods for population estimates. Therefore, it is difficult to say precisely what methods were used to produce total population estimates for Canada and North America, as they were likely developed from a variety of studies. The grizzly bear currently has legal protection in Mexico , European countries , some areas of Canada, and in all of

1130-488: A holiday "train of lights", which is extremely popular – tickets for these trains typically sell out by early October. The Niles Canyon Railroad has a small but well-maintained collection of historic rail stock. Part of historic Niles is Mayhew Spring, also known as Mayhew's Sulphur Spring, which was owned by H.A. Meyhew and located 600 feet (180 m) north of the Niles railroad station. In September 1869, four months after

1243-573: A joint venture automotive assembly plant of Toyota and General Motors , and was renamed NUMMI . Toyota and NUMMI shut down its operations in early 2010. Part of the plant was acquired in June 2010 by Tesla Motors as its primary production plant, known as the Tesla Factory . Solyndra , a solar panel manufacturer, was promoted in 2010 by President Barack Obama as a model for government investment in green technology after his administration approved

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1356-457: A long time was the only high school in the area and American High School established in 1972. It also has two junior high schools, Centerville Junior High School and Thornton Junior High School, which now stands on the old main site of the Freitas ranch. The former town of Niles is physically divided from other parts of Fremont and neighboring Union City by Mission Boulevard ( State Route 238 ) to

1469-580: A male in the summer, the female delays embryo implantation until hibernation, during which miscarriage can occur if the female does not receive the proper nutrients and caloric intake. On average, females produce two cubs in a litter and the mother cares for the cubs for up to two years, during which the mother will not mate. Once the young leave or are killed, females may not produce another litter for three or more years, depending on environmental conditions. Male grizzly bears have large territories , up to 4,000 km (1,500 sq mi), making finding

1582-511: A more protein -enriched diet in coastal areas potentially grow larger than inland individuals. Grizzly bears also readily scavenge food or carrion left behind by other animals. Grizzly bears will also eat birds and their eggs, and gather in large numbers at fishing sites to feed on spawning salmon. They frequently prey on baby deer left in the grass, and occasionally they raid the nests of raptors such as bald eagles . Coastal Canadian and Alaskan grizzlies are larger than those that reside in

1695-504: A patch of unincorporated land between Mowry Avenue and Stevenson Blvd; Land which is now occupied by Newpark Mall and the surrounding plazas. Since incorporation, Fremont has created six more districts, which it calls "community plan areas" for planning purposes. These include Central, North Fremont, South Fremont, and Bayside. The two other districts, Baylands and the Hill Areas, are primarily open space. The area consisting of Fremont and

1808-447: A period of hyperphagia , before going into hibernation. The bear often waits for a substantial snowstorm before it enters its den: such behavior lessens the chances that predators will find the den. The dens are typically at elevations above 1,800 meters (5,900 ft) on north-facing slopes. There is some debate among professionals as to whether grizzly bears technically hibernate: much of this debate revolves around body temperature and

1921-518: A trail through Mission Pass for reaching the Pacific coast and to take possession of California from Mexico for the United States. The Fremont area grew rapidly at the time of the California Gold Rush . A town called Mission San José grew up around the old mission, with its own post office from 1850. Agriculture dominated the economy with grapes, nursery plants and olives as leading crops. In 1868

2034-492: A yearling or when the black bear has no other choice but to defend itself. There is at least one confirmed observation of a grizzly bear digging out, killing, and eating a black bear when the latter was in hibernation. The segregation of black bear and grizzly bear populations is possibly due to competitive exclusion. In certain areas, grizzly bears outcompete black bears for the same resources. For example, many Pacific coastal islands off British Columbia and Alaska support either

2147-609: Is 48 km/h (30 mph). In addition, they can climb trees. Although grizzlies are of the order Carnivora and have the digestive system of carnivores, they are normally omnivores : their diets consist of both plants and animals. They have been known to prey on large mammals, when available, such as moose , elk , caribou , white-tailed deer , mule deer , bighorn sheep , bison , and even black bears , though they are more likely to take calves and injured individuals rather than healthy adults. Grizzly bears feed on fish such as salmon , trout , and bass , and those with access to

2260-584: Is a population or subspecies of the brown bear inhabiting North America . In addition to the mainland grizzly ( Ursus arctos horribilis ), other morphological forms of brown bear in North America are sometimes identified as grizzly bears. These include three living populations—the Kodiak bear ( U. a. middendorffi ), the Kamchatka bear ( U. a. beringianus ), and the peninsular grizzly ( U. a. gyas )—as well as

2373-585: Is a city in Alameda County, California , United States. Located in the East Bay region of the Bay Area , Fremont has a population of 230,504 as of 2020, making it the fourth most populous city in the Bay Area , behind San Jose , San Francisco , and Oakland . It is the closest East Bay city to the high-tech Silicon Valley network of businesses, and has a strong tech industry presence. The city's origins lie in

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2486-494: Is a longterm management plan to reintroduce the bears to North Cascades National Park . The grizzly bear's original range included much of the Great Plains and the southwestern states , but it has been extirpated in most of those areas. Combining Canada and the United States, grizzly bears inhabit approximately half the area of their historical range. Although the once-abundant California grizzly bear appears prominently on

2599-494: Is a re-construction (dedicated in 1985 for daily Mass and tours) of the original 1809 adobe church that was destroyed by the 1868 Hayward-fault earthquake. One side of the original mission quadrangle remains and houses a museum. Mission San Jose is located at 37°31′59″N 121°55′13″W  /  37.53306°N 121.92028°W  / 37.53306; -121.92028  ( Mission San Jose ) ; and lies at an elevation of 305 feet (93 m). The former town of Warm Springs

2712-553: Is an open land district that forms the eastern edge of Fremont. It is the site of Mission Peak . Fremont has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate ( Köppen : Csb ) typical of the San Francisco Bay Area. This climate features warm, dry summers and cool, wet winters. Like nearby San Jose, precipitation is fairly low (about 17 inches per year) because the city lies in the rain shadow of the Santa Cruz Mountains to

2825-512: Is between 198 cm (78 in) and 240 cm (94 in), with an average shoulder height of 102 cm (40 in) and hindfoot length of 28 cm (11 in). Newborn bears may weigh less than 500 g (18 oz). Although variable in color from blond to nearly black, grizzly bear fur is typically brown with darker legs and commonly white or blond tipped fur on the flank and back. Grizzly bears overlap with Black Bears in range, but there are numerous factors that can differentiate

2938-439: Is due to an influx of legumes , such as Hedysarum , which the grizzlies consume in massive amounts. When food sources become scarcer, however, they separate once again. The relationship between grizzly bears and other predators is mostly one-sided; grizzly bears will approach feeding predators to steal their kill. In general, the other species will leave the carcasses for the bear to avoid competition or predation. Any parts of

3051-1100: Is in Denali National Park and Preserve , where grizzlies chase, pounce on, and dig up Arctic ground squirrels to eat. In some areas, grizzly bears prey on hoary marmots , overturning rocks to reach them, and in some cases preying on them when they are in hibernation . Larger prey includes bison and moose , which are sometimes taken by bears in Yellowstone National Park . Because bison and moose are dangerous prey, grizzlies usually use cover to stalk them and/or pick off weak individuals or calves. Grizzlies in Alaska also regularly prey on moose calves, which in Denali National Park may be their main source of meat. In fact, grizzly bears are such important predators of moose and elk calves in Alaska and Yellowstone that they may kill as many as 51 percent of elk or moose calves born that year. Grizzly bears have also been blamed in

3164-513: Is located at 37°31′22″N 121°58′18″W  /  37.52278°N 121.97167°W  / 37.52278; -121.97167  ( Irvington Square ) . The inn and several of the other original buildings were demolished by the city of Fremont in the early 1980s. In 1871 Washington College , the first industrial educational institution in California was established in Washington township near

3277-665: Is located on Rancho Agua Caliente and is so named for the springs that are located there. In early times, there was a settlement called Harrisburgh (also, Harrisburg and Peacock's) a short distance east from the small settlement of Warm Springs. A post office opened in Harrisburgh in 1865 and changed its name to Warm Springs in 1885. The name Harrisburgh commemorated Abram Harris, who settled there in 1858. The name Peacock's commemorated George W. Peacock, its first postmaster. The post office name changed to Warmsprings in 1895 and reverted to Warm Springs in 1950. The Warm Springs district

3390-448: Is not uncommon to encounter grizzlies in Alaska weighing 540 kg (1,200 lb). Grizzlies in Alaska supplement their diet of salmon and clams with sedge grass and berries . In areas where salmon are forced to leap waterfalls, grizzlies gather at the base of the falls to feed on and catch the fish. Salmon are at a disadvantage when they leap waterfalls because they cluster together at their bases and are therefore easier targets for

3503-586: Is sandwiched between the Irvington and Warm Springs community plan areas. It is noted as the site of the Tesla Factory as well as the site of the Warm Springs / South Fremont BART station . In 2022, a pedestrian bridge was built from the BART station to Lopes Court. It cost $ 41 million. Bayside Industrial is a primarily industrial and commercial district, west of Interstate 880 between Newark and Milpitas. Hill Area

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3616-436: Is sometimes referred to as the "black grizzly", although it is no more closely related to North American brown bears than other subspecies of the brown bear around the world. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark first described it as grisley , which could be interpreted as either " grizzly " (i.e., "grizzled"—that is, with grey-tipped hair) or " grisly " ("fear-inspiring", now usually "gruesome"). The modern spelling supposes

3729-707: Is surrounded by the Centerville, Niles, Mission San Jose, and Irvington communities. The central district contains retail shopping centers (e.g., the Fremont Hub ), the Fremont Bay Area Rapid Transit station, health care centers and Central Park (Lake Elizabeth) . City planners envisioned and have begun to develop a mid-density, pedestrian friendly, transit oriented development, bounded by Mowry Ave, Fremont Blvd, Walnut Ave, and Paseo Padre Pkwy referred to as Downtown Fremont. To support enhanced access, one of

3842-462: Is the "grizzly", but these are all the same species, Ursus arctos . In 1963, Rausch reduced the number of North American subspecies to one, Ursus arctos middendorffi . Further testing of Y-chromosomes is required to yield an accurate new taxonomy with different subspecies. Coastal grizzlies, often referred to by the popular but geographically redundant synonym of "brown bear" or "Alaskan brown bear" are larger and darker than inland grizzlies, which

3955-518: Is the southernmost portion of Fremont whose hub is the Warm Springs and Mission Boulevard intersection. It is located at 37°29′14″N 121°55′45″W  /  37.48722°N 121.92917°W  / 37.48722; -121.92917  ( Warm Springs ) , and lies at an elevation of 62 feet (19 m). Warm Springs has attracted the headquarters of many high-tech companies including Nielsen Norman Group , Lam Research , Corsair and Lexar of

4068-434: Is unique because it is the only example where Rocky Mountain grizzlies feed on spawning salmonid fish. However, grizzly bears themselves and invasive lake trout threaten the survival of the trout population and there is a slight chance that the trout will be eliminated. Grizzly bears occasionally prey on small mammals, such as marmots , ground squirrels , lemmings , and voles . The most famous example of such predation

4181-580: Is why they, too, were considered a different species from grizzlies. Kodiak Grizzly Bears were also at one time considered distinct. Therefore, at one time the thought was there were five different "species" of brown bear, including three in North America. It remains an open question how many subspecies of Ursus arctos are present in North America. Traditionally, the following have been recognized alongside U. a. horribilis proper: Alaskan brown bear ( U. a. alascensis ), California grizzly bear ( U. a. californicus ), Dall Island brown bear ( U. a. dalli ),

4294-581: The Alaska Peninsula brown bear ( U. a. gyas ), Kodiak bear ( U. a. middendorffi ), Mexican grizzly bear ( U. a. nelsoni ), ABC Islands bear ( U. a. sitkensis ), and Stickeen brown bear ( U. a. stikeenensis ). One study based on mitochondrial DNA recovered no distinct genetic groupings of North American brown bears, implying that previous grizzly bear subspecies designations are unwarranted and these bears should all be considered populations of U. a. horribilis . The only genetically anomalous grouping

4407-681: The Central Pacific Railroad 's Niles junction and station, opened in April 1870 as part of the First transcontinental railroad and named after their railroad attorney and stockholder Addison Niles , who became associate justice on the California Supreme Court two years later. A post office was opened at Niles on Vallejo Street in 1873. Niles was the West Coast home (1912–1916) of one of

4520-482: The Kamchatka brown bear than to other North American brown bears. Until the systematics of North American brown bears is studied in more depth, other North American subspecies have been provisionally considered separate from U. a. horribilis . Grizzly bears are some of the largest subspecies of brown bear, only being beaten by the Kamchatka brown bears and the Kodiak bears . Grizzly bears vary in size depending on timing and populations. The largest populations are

4633-482: The Rocky Mountains . This is due, in part, to the richness of their diets. In Yellowstone National Park in the United States, the grizzly bear's diet consists mostly of whitebark pine nuts , tubers , grasses, various rodents , army cutworm moths, and scavenged carcasses. None of these, however, match the fat content of the salmon available in Alaska and British Columbia. With the high fat content of salmon, it

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4746-492: The salmon spawn . Females (sows) produce one to four young (usually two) that are small and weigh only about 450 g (16 oz) at birth. A sow is protective of her offspring and will attack if she thinks she or her cubs are threatened. Grizzly bears have one of the lowest reproductive rates of all terrestrial mammals in North America. This is due to numerous ecological factors. Grizzly bears do not reach sexual maturity until they are at least five years old. Once mated with

4859-747: The 1980s to the late 1990s, especially in the Warm Springs District, caused rapid development in the city and linked the city with the Silicon Valley . The Apple factory where the first Mac computer was manufactured was located in Fremont; production ceased in 1993. Other semiconductor and telecommunications firms soon opened in the city, including Cirrus Logic , Asyst Technologies, Mattson Technology, Lam Research , Premisys Communications, and Nextlink California. Approximately 750 high tech companies had offices, headquarters or production facilities in Fremont by 1999. These firms included fifteen of

4972-420: The 19th century, the grizzly was classified as 86 distinct species. By 1928 only seven grizzly species remained, and by 1953, only one species remained globally. However, modern genetic testing reveals the grizzly to be a subspecies of the brown bear ( Ursus arctos ). Biologist R.L. Rausch found that North America has but one species of grizzly. Therefore, everywhere it is the "brown bear"; in North America, it

5085-619: The 6.8-magnitude Hayward earthquake on the Hayward Fault collapsed buildings throughout the Fremont area, ruining Mission San José and its outbuildings. Until the 1906 San Francisco earthquake caused its destruction, the Fremont area's Palmdale Winery was the largest in California. The ruins of the Palmdale Winery are still visible near the Five Corners in Irvington at the intersection of Washington Boulevard and Osgood. From 1912 to 1915,

5198-656: The Americas and convert the Native Americans to Catholicism. The Ohlone people weren't intimidated by the Franciscan priests, who welcomed them into their missions to live and work. Before missions, the Natives used tools made of stone, animal bones, and wood. The missionaries taught them how to make metal tools and weapons and priests also showed them how to make adobe bricks. The bricks were then used to build missions rather than for

5311-564: The Central District described below). This Irvington community plan area includes the Sundale neighborhood, the South Sundale neighborhood, 28 Palms, Blacow, and Grimmer subdivisions. The area is served by three high schools: Irvington High School , Robertson High School , and John F. Kennedy High School . The Irvingtonian period of North American mammals is named for this district due to

5424-698: The East Bay rolling hills and the San Francisco Bay were annexed into a single new, incorporated city called Fremont. Six decades later, these places have greatly expanded, are no longer separate communities, and are considered districts or community plan areas of the City of Fremont. The town of Newark was originally slated to join the annex, but ultimately its voters declined since Newark representatives suspected that they would become an industrial district; Newark became its own incorporated city in 1955. Later, Newark annexed

5537-487: The European settlers arrived. However, population size has since significantly decreased due to hunting and habitat loss. In 2008, it was estimated there were 16,000 grizzly bears. A revised Grizzly bear count in 2012 for British Columbia was 15,075. Population estimates for British Columbia are based on hair-snagging, DNA-based inventories, mark-and-recapture , and a refined multiple regression model. In 2003, researchers from

5650-694: The Fremont area began on June 6, 1797, when Mission San José was founded by the Spaniard Father Fermín de Lasuén . The Mission was established at the site of the Ohlone village of Oroysom. The tribe lived between present-day San Francisco and Monterey and more lands eastward. They lived in dome-shaped shelters made out of redwood bark or woven tule. They were primarily hunter-gatherers; men hunted and trapped waterfowl, rabbits, deer, elk, and bears, whilst women gathered nuts, berries, and root vegetables. The Ohlone tribe lived beside rivers and estuaries because of

5763-428: The Fremont area; in its scope and structure. The five-member board of directors (which included James Meyer and James Reeder) was set up to oversee a full range of services, from police and fire protection to street maintenance (which later became the purview of the city government). Fremont became more industrialized between 1953 and 1962. The first Fremont post office opened in 1956. A boom in high-tech employment in

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5876-774: The Lakes and Birds neighborhood, and the Northgate neighborhood. It is the site of the Ardenwood Historic Farm , which has the George Washington Patterson House as one of its highlights, and the Ardenwood Technology Park. A 99 Ranch Market is one of many Asian businesses in the North Fremont District. Thornton Junior High School and American High School , which are both physically located in

5989-504: The Mexican government enacted secularization . José de Jesus Vallejo , brother of Mariano Vallejo , was the grantee of the Rancho Arroyo de la Alameda Mexican land grant . His family was influential in the Fremont area in the late colonial era and owned and built a flour mill at the mouth of Niles Canyon . In 1846 the town's namesake John C. Frémont led a military expedition to map

6102-441: The Niles section of the Fremont area was the earliest home of California's motion picture industry (see Essanay Studios ). Charlie Chaplin filmed several movies in the Fremont area, most notably The Tramp . Fremont was incorporated in 1956 under the leadership of Wally Pond, chair of the incorporation committee, when five towns in the area, Irvington, Centerville, Mission San José, Niles, and Warm Springs, came together to form

6215-515: The US as well as foreign high-tech companies such as Elitegroup Computer Systems , and Asus . The district is also home to blue-collar industry. The San Jose mission is also present. Warm Springs also serves as commercial center for the mainly residential Mission San Jose district, especially since the construction of Pacific Commons , a large, modern regional shopping center. The Oakland Athletics talked about moving their stadium to this area. Warm Springs

6328-545: The United States. However, it is expected that repopulating its former range will be a slow process, due to various reasons, including the bear's slow reproductive habits and the effects of reintroducing such a large animal to areas prized for agriculture and livestock. Grizzly bears hibernate for five to seven months each year (except where the climate is warm—the California grizzly did not hibernate). During this time, female grizzly bears give birth to their offspring, who then consume milk from their mother and gain strength for

6441-589: The University of Alberta spotted a grizzly on Melville Island in the high Arctic, which is the most northerly sighting ever documented. Around 60,000 wild grizzly bears are located throughout North America, 30,000 of which are found in Alaska . and up to 29,000 live in Canada. The Alaskan population of 30,000 individuals is the highest population of any province / state in North America. Populations in Alaska are densest along

6554-631: The Yukon, the Northwest Territories, Nunavut , and the northern part of Manitoba . An article published in 1954 suggested they may be present in the tundra areas of the Ungava Peninsula and the northern tip of Labrador - Quebec . In British Columbia, grizzly bears inhabit approximately 90% of their original territory. There were approximately 25,000 grizzly bears in British Columbia when

6667-583: The ability of the bears to move around during hibernation on occasion. Grizzly bears can "partially" recycle their body wastes during this period. Although inland or Rocky Mountain grizzlies spend nearly half of their life in dens, coastal grizzlies with better access to food sources spend less time in dens. In some areas where food is very plentiful year round, grizzly bears skip hibernation altogether. Except for females with cubs, grizzlies are normally solitary , active animals, but in coastal areas, grizzlies gather around streams, lakes, rivers, and ponds during

6780-578: The black bear or the grizzly, but rarely both. In regions where both species coexist, they are divided by landscape gradients such as the age of forest, elevation, and land openness. Grizzly bears tend to favor old forests with high productivity, higher elevations and more open habitats compared with black bears. However, a bear shot in autumn 1986 in Michigan was thought by some to be a grizzly×black bear hybrid , due to its unusually large size and its proportionately larger braincase and skull, but DNA testing

6893-422: The carcass left uneaten are scavenged by smaller animals. With the reintroduction of gray wolves to Yellowstone, many visitors have witnessed a once common struggle between a keystone species , the grizzly bear, and its historic rival, the gray wolf. The interactions of grizzly bears with the wolves of Yellowstone have been under considerable study. Typically, the conflict will be in the defence of young or over

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7006-591: The central streets, the Capital Avenue extension to Fremont Blvd, was completed in 2016, as the city pursues its plans for a Downtown Fremont. Most of Fremont is part of the Laguna Creek Watershed . North Fremont is a primarily residential district surrounded by Union City , Centerville District , Newark , and Coyote Hills Regional Park . It is a growing community that includes the Ardenwood neighborhood,

7119-597: The cities of Newark and Union City is known collectively as the Tri-City Area (different from the adjacent Tri-Valley area encompassing Pleasanton , Dublin , and Livermore ). Centerville was formerly the main town in Washington Township . Centerville is located at 37°33′15″N 121°59′57″W  /  37.55417°N 121.99917°W  / 37.55417; -121.99917  ( Centerville ) . It lies at an elevation of 52 feet (16 m). Centerville

7232-454: The coast also forage for razor clams , and frequently dig into the sand to seek them. During the spring and fall, directly before and after the salmon runs, berries and grass make up the mainstay of the diets of coastal grizzlies. Inland grizzlies may eat fish too, most notably in Yellowstone grizzlies eating Yellowstone cutthroat trout . The relationship with cutthroat trout and grizzlies

7345-578: The coast, where food supplies such as salmon are more abundant. The Admiralty Island National Monument protects the densest population: 1,600 bears on a 1,600 square-mile island. The majority of Canada's grizzlies live in British Columbia. In the lower 48 United States, around 1,000 are found in the Northern Continental Divide in northwestern Montana . About 1,000 more live in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem in

7458-528: The coastal grizzlies in the Alaskan peninsula, with males weighing 389 kilograms (858 lb) and females weighing 207 kilograms (456 lb). The populations in northern interior Canada are much smaller, with males weighing 139 kilograms (306 lb) and females weighing 95 kilograms (209 lb). This is actually similar to the American black bear population of the area. Average total length in this subspecies

7571-605: The community that arose around Mission San José , founded in 1797 by the Spanish under Padre Fermín Lasuén . Fremont was incorporated on January 23, 1956, when the former towns of Mission San José, Centerville, Niles, Irvington, and Warm Springs unified into one city. Fremont is named after John C. Frémont , a general who helped lead the American Conquest of California from Mexico and later served as Military Governor of California and then U.S. Senator . The recorded history of

7684-467: The crossroads. As a result, the US Postal Service established a post office called Washington Corners at the college in 1870, which became the name of the settlement on the 1878 Alameda County map of Washington Township. In 1884, realizing the need for a proper town name, local inhabitants selected the name of Irving. The name was chosen in honor of Judge Irving, the local traveling circuit judge of

7797-425: The decline of elk in Yellowstone National Park when the actual predators were thought to be gray wolves . In northern Alaska, grizzlies are a significant predator of caribou , mostly taking sick or old individuals or calves. Several studies show that grizzly bears may follow the caribou herds year-round in order to maintain their food supply. In northern Alaska, grizzly bears often encounter muskox . Despite

7910-533: The diets of grizzly bears vary extensively based on seasonal and regional changes, plants make up a large portion of them, with some estimates as high as 80–90%. Various berries constitute an important food source when they are available. These can include blueberries , blackberries ( Rubus fruticosus ), salmon berries ( Rubus spectabilis ), cranberries ( Vaccinium oxycoccos ), buffalo berries ( Shepherdia argentea ), soapberries ( Shepherdia canadensis ), and huckleberries ( Vaccinium parvifolium ), depending on

8023-541: The early housing stood along Fremont Blvd from Decoto Road south to Washington High school, along Thornton Ave from Fremont Blvd west to the Newark city border, and along Peralta Blvd from Fremont Blvd to Niles. For city planning purposes, Centerville was enlarged to encompass most of the north central residential section of Fremont, from Mowry Ave to Decoto Rd, from I-880 to the BART line. This Centerville community plan area includes

8136-551: The early settlers that contributed greatly to the growth of Centerville. Early Centerville was a quiet farming community, which consisted of large Spanish land grants divided into smaller farms. The Freitas Ranch on Thornton Ave was probably the largest of the working farms. There were acres of apricot along with other fruit and nut orchards and large fields of various types of fresh produce. After President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066 , which authorized military commanders to exclude "any or all persons" from certain areas in

8249-823: The east and north, Alameda Creek to the south, Union Pacific Railroad to the west and southeast, and the Quarry Lakes to the southwest. The hills of Niles are lower than those of the area south of the Alameda Creek in Mission San Jose. Old Town Niles features its own library, post office, and silent movie theater as well as a large number of antique and craft stores. Niles is located at 37°34′44″N 121°58′40″W  /  37.57889°N 121.97778°W  / 37.57889; -121.97778  ( Niles District ) . It lies at an elevation of 112 feet (34 m). The community, once called Vallejo Mills , got its name from

8362-475: The enlarged Centerville District , also serve as the junior high and high school, respectively, for this community. South Fremont is a primarily industrial district, east of Interstate 880 and west of Interstate 680, south of Auto Mall Parkway and north of Brown Rd. The area overlaps with Warm Springs, with which it shares the eponymous BART station. The composition of the area will change, because thousands of residential units were under construction as of 2016. It

8475-425: The environment. Insects such as ladybugs , ants, and bees are eaten if they are available in large quantities. In Yellowstone National Park, grizzly bears may obtain half of their yearly caloric needs by feeding on miller moths that congregate on mountain slopes. When food is abundant, grizzly bears will feed in groups. For example, many grizzly bears will visit meadows right after an avalanche or glacier slide. This

8588-719: The extinct California grizzly ( U. a. californicus †) and Mexican grizzly (formerly U. a. nelsoni †). On average, grizzly bears near the coast tend to be larger while inland grizzlies tend to be smaller. The Ussuri brown bear ( U. a. lasiotus ), inhabiting the Ussuri Krai , Sakhalin , the Amur Oblast , the Shantar Islands , Iturup Island , and Kunashir Island in Siberia , northeastern China , North Korea , and Hokkaidō in Japan ,

8701-464: The fact that muskox do not usually occur in grizzly habitat and that they are bigger and more powerful than caribou, predation on muskox by grizzlies has been recorded. Grizzlies along the Alaskan coast also scavenge on dead or washed up whales. Usually such incidents involve only one or two grizzlies at a carcass, but up to ten large males have been seen at a time eating a dead humpback whale . Dead seals and sea lions are also consumed. Although

8814-855: The famous golden spike ceremony at Promontory Summit, Utah, the Central Pacific Railroad completed the transcontinental rail link between Sacramento and the San Francisco Bay, with trains switching at the San Jose junction in the canyon. Central Pacific then built a junction in the valley and opened it in April 1870 as Niles. Also part of Niles is 1909 Niles Junction built by the Western Pacific Railroad , located at 37°34′35″N 121°58′17″W  /  37.57639°N 121.97139°W  / 37.57639; -121.97139  ( Niles Junction WPRR ) and situated at an elevation of 79 ft (24 m). The Irvington District area, once

8927-622: The first motion picture companies, Essanay Studios . Charlie Chaplin and Broncho Billy Anderson filmed some of their most famous silent movies in Niles and the scenic Niles Canyon that stretches between Niles and Sunol . The nonprofit Niles Essanay Silent Film Museum offers both artifacts of Niles' early years and, each Saturday evening, screenings of early-twentieth-century silent films, many of which were filmed locally. The Niles Canyon Railway runs along Alameda Creek in Niles Canyon and carries passengers on weekend excursions, including

9040-439: The former meaning; even so, naturalist George Ord formally classified it in 1815 as U. horribilis for its character. Several studies have been conducted on the genetic history of the grizzly bear. Classification has been revised along genetic lines. There are two morphological forms of Ursus arctos : the grizzly and the coastal brown bears, but these morphological forms do not have distinct mtDNA lineages. The genome of

9153-547: The fossil sequence excavated here. At the time of the California Gold Rush, a boom town grew up around the old Mission, to equip and transport 49ers overland to the gold fields. A post office was opened at Mission San Jose in 1850. The district, like Niles, is surrounded by hills. The hills are higher and steeper than Niles, with the highest points being on the Mission Ridge . Mission San Jose district lies close to

9266-462: The grizzlies. Grizzly bears are well-documented catching leaping salmon in their mouths at Brooks Falls in Katmai National Park and Preserve in Alaska. They are also very experienced in chasing the fish around and pinning them with their claws. At such sites such as Brooks Falls and McNeil Falls in Alaska, big male grizzlies fight regularly for the best fishing spots. Grizzly bears along

9379-568: The grizzly bear was sequenced in 2018 and found to be 2,328.64Mb (mega-basepairs) in length, and contain 30,387 genes. Brown bears originated in Eurasia , and first migrated to North America between 177,000 BP ~ 111,000 BP. Most grizzly bears belong to this initial population of North American brown bear (clade 4), which continues to be the dominant mitochondrial grouping south of subarctic North America. Genetic divergences suggest brown bears first migrated south during MIS-5 (~92,000 - 83,000 BP) upon

9492-470: The highest concentration of Asian Americans in Fremont ;– over 50% of the population as of the 2000 census . The local high school is Mission San Jose High School , ranked 67 in the nation by U.S. News & World Report. The median family income for the Mission San Jose area ( ZIP code 94539) exceeded $ 114,595 in 2005. Owing to an influx of professionals and other affluent families seeking access to

9605-494: The lake for a $ 7 launch fee. The park often offers coupons for discounted boat rentals on their site. As part of the Warm Springs BART expansion , a 1.25 mi (2.01 km) cut-and-cover tunnel was built across the park and under Lake Elizabeth at a cost of $ 137 million. Underground tracks are more expensive than surface tracks, but this lessens the impact of train operations on the park. Construction began in 2009, and

9718-720: The late 19th and early 20th centuries, of cougars and grizzly bears killing each other in fights to the death. The other big cat present in the United States which might pose a threat to bears is the jaguar ; however, both species have been extirpated in the regions of the Southwest where their former habitats overlapped, and grizzlies remain so far absent from the regions along the U.S.-Mexico border, where jaguars appear to be returning. Black bears generally stay out of grizzly territory , but grizzlies may occasionally enter black bear terrain to obtain food sources both bears enjoy, such as pine nuts, acorns, mushrooms, and berries. When

9831-472: The mother—their weight will have increased from 4.5 to 45 kg (9.9 to 99.2 lb) in the two years spent with the mother. Mothers may see their cubs in later years but both avoid each other. The average lifespan for a male is estimated at 22 years, with that of a female being slightly longer at 26. Females live longer than males due to their less dangerous life; they do not engage in seasonal breeding fights as males do. The oldest known wild inland grizzly

9944-484: The name of national defense, the Western Defense Command began ordering Japanese Americans living on the West Coast to present themselves for "evacuation" from the newly created military zones. This included many Centerville farming families. Centerville was also a main stop for the early railways. This gave the local farmers a way to quickly get their produce to market. With the access to railway service there

10057-472: The natural resources like fish and shellfish. In warm weather, men wore mostly nothing; in the winter, they wore animal hide or feather capes. Other than the weather, ceremonies also decided what the Ohlone men wore. The women wore deerskin aprons over skirts made of tule or shredded bark. Until 1769, the tribe lived peacefully but Spanish soldiers and missionaries arrived in California to expand Spanish dominion in

10170-447: The northern two peaks, Mission Peak and Mount Allison . Mission Peak is very distinctive and is one of Fremont's emblems. These peaks go from 2,517 to 2,604 ft (794 m), taller than Mount Tamalpais , a great height for the San Francisco Bay Area. They see some deep snow occasionally. Fremont's community college, Ohlone College , is situated one block away from the mission and serves over 12,000 students. Mission San Jose has

10283-600: The opening of the ice-free corridor, with the first fossils being near Edmonton (26,000 BP). Other mitochondrial lineages appear later- the Alexander and Haida Gwaii archipelagoes have an endemic lineage, which first appears around 20,000 BP. After a local extinction in Beringia ~33,000 BP, two closely related lineages repopulated Alaska and northern Canada from Eurasia after the Last Glacial Maximum (>25,000 BP). In

10396-460: The park, however parking lots overflow on busy weekends. Parking on the curb south of Stevenson and east of Paseo Padre Parkway is prohibited. The Fremont BART station is 1.5 miles (2.4 km) away from the park, and AC Transit provides bus service to the park. 37°33′0″N 121°57′50″W  /  37.55000°N 121.96389°W  / 37.55000; -121.96389 Fremont, California Fremont ( / ˈ f r iː m ɒ n t / )

10509-478: The population were below the poverty line , including 5.9% of those under age 18 and 6.2% of those age 65 or over. The 2010 United States Census reported that Fremont had a population of 214,089. The population density was 2,443.7 inhabitants per square mile (943.5/km ). Grizzly bear The grizzly bear ( Ursus arctos horribilis ), also known as the North American brown bear or simply grizzly ,

10622-469: The remainder of the hibernation period. To prepare for hibernation, grizzlies must prepare a den and consume an immense amount of food because they do not eat during hibernation. Grizzly bears also do not defecate or urinate throughout the entire hibernation period. The male grizzly bear's hibernation ends in early to mid-March, while females emerge in April or early May. In preparation for winter, bears can gain approximately 180 kg (400 lb), during

10735-704: The sprawling subdivisions, developed in the 1950s and 1960s, of Glenmoor Gardens , bounded by Central Avenue, Fremont Boulevard, Mowry Avenue, and the I-880 freeway. and the Cabrillo Park subdivision bound by Thornton Ave, Fremont Blvd, Decoto Road and the I-880 freeway. Also the Brookvale subdivisions, the Quarry Lakes Regional Park, and part of Parkmont. The area is served by two high schools, Washington High School (Fremont, California) established in 1892, which for

10848-745: The state flag of California and was the symbol of the Bear Flag Republic before the state of California's admission to the Union in 1850, the subspecies or population is currently extinct. The last known grizzlies in California were killed in the Sierra foothills east of Fresno in the early 1920s. The killing of the last grizzly bear in Arizona in 1936 at Escudilla Mountain is included in Aldo Leopold 's Sand County Almanac . There has been no confirmed sighting of

10961-452: The time. Later, when the railroad came through the area, the published train schedule pamphlets erroneously listed the Irving train depot as "Irvington." The town petitioned the railroad about the error. The railroad company notified the town that it was too costly for them to replace the train schedule pamphlets (over $ 100,000); and in 1887 following the recommendation, the people of Irving changed

11074-522: The top one hundred fastest-growing public companies in the San Francisco Bay Area and eighteen of the top fifty companies in the East Bay . The high-tech growth in Fremont continues today and is a major industry for the city. The General Motors automotive assembly plant in South Fremont was the town's largest employer, and Fremont was known for its drag strip. In the 1980s, the plant became

11187-540: The top-performing local public schools, Mission San Jose's median home value reached $ 831,000 in 2006, earning the community a rank of 237 on Forbes magazine's list of the 500 most affluent communities in the United States. Nestled at the base of Fremont's rolling hills is the Mission San José , one of the oldest of the Spanish missions in California , for which this district is named. The church building that exists today

11300-472: The town name to Irvington. The Irvington district has two main neighborhoods: Irvington Woods and the Irvington Square. The neighborhood is ethnically mixed and is primarily working class. For city planning purposes, the Irvington area was enlarged to encompass most of the south central residential section of Fremont, from Auto Mall Parkway to Mowry Avenue, from I-880 to roughly the BART line (excluding

11413-414: The town of Irving, has cycled through many name changes over time. In the early 1850s two emancipated black men were traveling with E.L. Beard through California, reputedly in search of a fortune. The former slaves noticed the busy traffic at the crossroads of what is today the "Five Corners" intersection. Although now gone, there were two embarcaderos (water crossings) at this area. One of these crossings had

11526-551: The tri-state area of Wyoming, Idaho and Montana. There are an estimated 70–100 grizzly bears living in northern and eastern Idaho . In September 2007, a hunter produced evidence of one bear in the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness ecosystem , by killing a male grizzly bear there. In the North Cascades ecosystem of northern Washington , grizzly bear populations are estimated to be fewer than 20 bears, but there

11639-416: The tribe to utilize. The Spaniards brought cattle, pigs and sheep and encouraged the Ohlone to give up hunting and gathering to try farming and ranching instead. Living in the missions meant Ohlone people were forced into converting to Christianity and told to forget the superstitious beliefs that connected them to nature. Along with that, overpopulation caused food shortages and the Spanish brought diseases to

11752-487: The tribe, causing a lot of deaths and trouble that made an impact on a lot of lives. On their second day in the area, the Mission party killed a grizzly bear in Niles Canyon . The first English-speaking visitor to Fremont was the renowned trapper and explorer Jedediah Smith in 1827. The Mission prospered, eventually reaching a population of 1,887 inhabitants in 1831. The influence of the missionaries declined after 1834 when

11865-510: The two: In North America, grizzly bears previously ranged from Alaska down to Mexico and as far east as the western shores of Hudson Bay ; the species is now found in Alaska , south through much of western Canada , and into portions of the northwestern United States (including Washington , Idaho , Montana , and Wyoming ), extending as far south as Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks . In Canada, there are approximately 25,000 grizzly bears occupying British Columbia , Alberta ,

11978-421: The west. The highest temperature recorded was 110 °F (43 °C) on September 6, 2022. The lowest temperature recorded was 21 °F (−6 °C) on December 23, 1990. According to the 2020 census estimate, the median income for a household in the city is $ 142,374. Males have a median household income of $ 59,274 versus $ 40,625 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 31,411. About 4.5% of

12091-573: The wolves were acting in defence. Cougars generally give the bears a wide berth. Grizzlies have less competition with cougars than with other predators, such as coyotes, wolves, and other bears. When a grizzly descends on a cougar feeding on its kill, the cougar usually gives way to the bear. When a cougar does stand its ground, it will use its superior agility and its claws to harass the bear, yet stay out of its reach until one of them gives up. Grizzly bears occasionally kill cougars in disputes over kills. There have been several anecdotes, primarily from

12204-405: Was about 34 years old in Alaska; the oldest known coastal bear was 39, but most grizzlies die in their first year of life. Captive grizzlies have lived as long as 44 years. They have a tendency to chase fleeing animals, and although it has been said anecdotally that grizzly bears ( Ursus arctos horribilis ) can run at 56 km/h (35 mph), the maximum speed reliably recorded at Yellowstone

12317-525: Was completed in 2012. The tunnel did not open for revenue service until March 2017. Central Park provides nature, community, and recreation for its visitors. Some facilities in the area include the Fremont Golf Course, Fremont Skate Park, Fremont Main Library, Aqua Adventure Water Park, and Fremont Teen Center. The park also provides a kayak service, including paddle boats. Most visitors drive or walk to

12430-494: Was home to one of the SF Bay Area 's only two coffee houses to employ baristas who wear bikinis, Your Coffee Cups, a concept that's gained some controversy from Bay Area newspapers and news stations. This controversy led to the eventual closing of the business. The BART extension to Warm Springs began construction in 2009 and Warm Springs/South Fremont station opened for service on March 25, 2017. The central district

12543-399: Was once a large cannery on Baine Ave. west of Fremont Ave. (now Peralta) next to the tracks. In 1959, the cannery was destroyed in the largest fire in Fremont's history. The fire lasted for two days, and effectively put an end to what had been the largest employer in Centerville at the time. The cannery was never rebuilt. Housing developments began to appear in the area after WWII. Most of

12656-530: Was started by George Lloyd who started selling cold beer to stage passengers from a tent in 1850. Capt. George Bond set up a general store and the name Centerville was chosen. The post office opened Centreville post office in 1855 and changed the spelling to Centerville in 1893. The Centerville Pioneer Cemetery contains the burial places of many of the city's founding pioneers. Centerville can be traced back to its native American roots. Spanish, Mexican, Italian, Portuguese and Swiss (Swiss Park), peoples were among

12769-530: Was the ABC Islands bear , which bears genetic introgression from the polar bear . A formal taxonomic revision was not performed, however, and the implied synonymy has not been accepted by taxonomic authorities. Furthermore, a recent whole-genome study suggests that certain Alaskan brown bears, including the Kodiak and Alaskan Peninsula grizzly bears, are members of a Eurasian brown bear lineage, more closely related to

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