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40-652: The colors of the organization are identical with the Russian nationalist organization Pamyat . Ekaterina Gubareva was set to head the election list of Free Donbas for the elections of the People's Council of the Donetsk People's Republic of 11 November 2018 but on 29 September 2018 she was excluded from this list after she was held in custody by unknown people. After this incident she left for Rostov-on-Don (in Russia ). Chairman of

80-456: A journalism student at Columbia University on a Fulbright scholarship in 1958, along with Aleksandr Yakovlev . In 1959, his photo appeared in a Newsweek article in which, identified as a 24-year-old student, he said: "I like Americans very much. But after seven months here I am convinced more than ever that the Communist system is better than yours." He continued to pose as a journalist for

120-648: A naturalized citizen of the United States. With the return to power of elements of the KGB, most notably Vladimir Putin , Kalugin was again accused of treason . In 2002, he was put on trial in absentia in Moscow and found guilty of spying for the West. He was sentenced to fifteen years in jail, in a verdict he described as "Soviet justice, which is really triumphant today". The US and Russia have no extradition treaty, though it

160-548: A KGB collaborator. A second edition of the book, published in 2009, provided some additional specifics about some of the cases that Kalugin had discussed only briefly in the first edition. In 1995, Kalugin accepted a teaching position at The Catholic University of America and has remained in the United States ever since. Settling in Washington, D.C. , he first wrote the First Directorate book about Cold War espionage and

200-413: A Russian Nationalist ), caused another split after he announced being "tired to be preoccupied by recollections". He said that "it is time to act". His new group was dubbed " Russian National Unity " (Русское Национальное Единство). Barkashov promoted the veneration of the swastika . In addition, in 1990, the following broke away from Dmitry Vasilyev's NPF "Pamyat": According to writer Valery Shambarov,

240-653: A decree stripping Kalugin of his rank, decorations, and pension. In August 1991, Gorbachev returned his rank, decorations, and pension. Despite opposition from the KGB, he was elected in September 1990 to the Supreme Soviet as a People's Deputy for the Krasnodar region. Kalugin became a firm supporter of Boris Yeltsin , the president of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic . During

280-436: A dozen. Former CIA mole Karl Koecher made unsupported claims that for his eventual arrest, Kalugin was responsible. The unsubstantiated accusations did not stop him from criticizing the agency's policies and methods. He complained that the KGB overlooked corruption in the highest circles of Soviet society while it terrorized common people. His unbridled public criticism led to reassignment to Security Officers posts first in

320-658: A hotel in Moscow across from the Kremlin , "in partnership with the Soviet government." Vitaly Churkin was instrumental in setting up the deal with Intourist . Viktor Suvorov alleges that the Soviet authorities often used Intourist prostitutes as bait to develop kompromat , particularly of a sexual nature. The New York Times reported that while Trump was in Moscow in July 1987 he met Mikhail Gorbachev . Kalugin says: “I would not be surprised if

360-697: A number of years, eventually serving as the Radio Moscow correspondent at the United Nations . In 1965, after five years in New York City , he returned to Moscow to serve under the cover of press officer in the Soviet Foreign Ministry . Kalugin was then assigned to Washington, DC , with the cover of deputy press officer for the Soviet embassy . In reality, he was deputy resident and acting chief of

400-643: A public organization in Moscow in 1980. Pamyat took its name from the famous essay novel of the same name by Vladimir Chivilikhin. Paul Klebnikov , in his book The Godfather of the Kremlin, Boris Berezovsky , or the Story of the Plundering of Russia , refers to Oleg Kalugin and writes that "the nationalist group Pamyat … was formed with the help of the KGB." At an internal meeting on October 4, 1985, Pamyat split into several factions, many of which attempted to retain

440-488: A subsequent book Spymaster in 2008. He also collaborated with former CIA Director William Colby and Activision to produce Spycraft: The Great Game , a CD-ROM game released in 1996. He has appeared frequently in the media and given lectures at a number of universities. In June 2001, Kalugin testified at the espionage trial of George Trofimoff , a retired Colonel of the United States Army Reserve who

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480-694: Is unlikely the U.S. would extradite Kalugin for such charges anyway. As of 2019, Kalugin was a professor for the Centre for Counterintelligence and Security Studies (CI CENTRE). He is a member of the advisory board for the International Spy Museum . He remains a critic of Putin, a former subordinate, whom he called a " war criminal " over his conduct of the Second Chechen War , and claimed that he would absolutely face an international tribunal some day and would be severely penalized for his crimes against

520-512: The Pamyat Society ; Russian : Общество «Память» , Russian : Obshchestvo «Pamyat» , Russian pronunciation: [ˈpamʲɪtʲ] ) was a Russian far-right antisemitic , and monarchist organization. Pamyat also identified itself as the "People's National-Patriotic Orthodox Christian movement." The group's stated focus is preserving Russian culture. Its longtime leader, Dmitri Vasilyev , died in 2003. The group disappeared by

560-530: The RSFSR . The growth of Memory' s ranks was accompanied by numerous conflicts between its founders and leaders. In the fall of 1987, the National-Patriotic Front (NPF) was founded with the aim of "renaissance", with the intent to "lead Russian people to the spiritual and national revival " based on "three traditional Russian values": Orthodoxy , national character and spirituality. In 1987–1989, Pamyat

600-515: The Russian marches . On September 1, 2021, it became known about the death of Nikolai Skorodumov: according to a post by Vladimir Basmanov on the Vkontakte social network, Nikolai Skorodumov died on June 10, 2021, at the age of 70 in a Zelenograd hospital The recurring motive in the group's ideology was the claim of the existence of a so-called " Ziono-Masonic plot " against Russia as "the main source of

640-516: The 1990s and was split into groups like Russian National Unity . At the end of the 1970s, the amateur historical and cultural association Vityaz ( Витязь , lit. "Knight") was established by public activists from the Moscow branch of the Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments. One of the purposes of the newly formed association was to prepare for the upcoming celebration of

680-604: The 600th anniversary of the Battle of Kulikovo . Some notable Vityaz activists in Moscow were Ilya Glazunov and V. Kuznetsov (artists), S. Malyshev (historian), A. Lebedev and A. Lobzov (Colonels of the MVD ), G. Frygin ( Minaviaprom engineer), Vyacheslav and Yevgeny Popov (musicians), and K. Andreyev (locksmith). Similar groups were created in other regions of the Soviet Union . Vityaz and some other informal groups founded Pamyat as

720-568: The Academy of Sciences in 1987 and then at the Ministry of Electronics in 1988. His career at the KGB ended with his forced retirement on 26 February 1990. As the Soviet Union underwent changes under Mikhail Gorbachev , Kalugin became more vocal and public in his criticism of the KGB by denouncing Soviet security forces as Stalinist domestic political police , but he never disputed the importance of espionage abroad. Finally, in 1990, Gorbachev signed

760-741: The Central Electoral Commission of the National Democratic Party, announced the percentage of the results of the elections to the People's Council as follows: "Donetsk Republic" scored 64.43%, "Free Donbas" – 27.75%. The People's Council was elected for a term of four years in the amount of 100 deputies, out of which "Donetsk Republic" received 68 deputy mandates, "Free Donbas" – 32 seats. Pamyat The National Patriotic Front "Memory" ( NPF "Memory" ; Russian : Национально-патриотический фронт «Память»; НПФ «Память» , also known as

800-579: The Metropolitan to visit his dacha in 1978. According to Kalugin, "He did good work, particularly in recruiting Markiz. I wanted to thank him for what he had done." Kalugin further described his own meeting with Trofimoff at a location in Austria. When asked his reasons for testifying, Kalugin explained that as a resident alien , he was trying to obey American law . Trofimoff was found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment . On 4 August 2003, Kalugin became

840-631: The Residency at the Soviet Embassy. Rising in the ranks, he became one of the KGB's top officers operating out of the Soviet embassy in Washington. That led to his being promoted to general in 1974, the youngest in its history. He then returned to KGB headquarters to become head of the foreign counterintelligence or K branch of the First Chief Directorate . Meanwhile, he received high honors for

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880-568: The Russian Federation Vladimir Putin: Oleg Kalugin Oleg Danilovich Kalugin ( Russian : Олег Данилович Калугин ; born 6 September 1934) is a former KGB general (stripped of his rank and awards by a Russian Court decision in 2002). He was during a time, head of KGB political operations in the United States and later a critic of the agency. After being convicted of spying for

920-483: The West , stated that the death of Sean Bourke , who had helped traitor George Blake to escape prison, was caused by poisoning ordered by the KGB. Another allegation was that the KGB "virtually controlled the Russian Orthodox Church through the blackmail of its many gay priests", according to a review of the book. In a 2015 interview, he named the late head of the church, Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow , as

960-625: The West in absentia during a trial in Moscow, he remained in the US and was sworn in as a citizen on 4 August 2003. Born 6 September 1934, in Leningrad and son of an officer in the NKVD , Kalugin attended Leningrad State University and was recruited by the KGB, under the aegis of the First Chief Directorate (Foreign Intelligence). After training, he was sent to the United States , where he enrolled as

1000-562: The abortive Soviet coup attempt of 1991 , led by KGB Chairman Vladimir Kryuchkov , he led crowds to the Russian White House , the center of anticoup efforts, and induced Yeltsin to address the crowds. After the coup, he became an unpaid adviser to the new KGB chairman, Vadim Bakatin . Ever vocal, Kalugin told the press that in the future, the KGB should have no political functions and no secret laboratories to manufacture poisons and secret weapons. While Bakatin succeeded in dismantling

1040-470: The answer. At the same time, during a rather short period of the agitation campaign, the party managed to significantly increase its representative potential: at the beginning of the pre-election race, following the results of the preliminary opinion poll conducted by the Donetsk University of Management, only 11% of voters were ready to vote for the party. On November 3, 2014, Roman Lyagin, chairman of

1080-504: The assassination of Bulgarian writer Georgi Markov . It had been accomplished on a request from Todor Zhivkov and then an order by the KGB chief, Yuri Andropov . In 1980, Kalugin was demoted to deputy head of the Leningrad KGB as a result of an intrigue initiated by Vladimir Kryuchkov , then a close confidant of Yuri Andropov who had been privately criticized by Kalugin. Kalugin was accused of recruiting an agent 20 years prior who

1120-401: The elections to the parliament of the People's Democratic Republic conducted by the monitoring group of Socis Sociology Support Fund held on October 28, 2014, 39.1% of respondents were going to vote for the public organization "Donetsk republic", 31.6% were inclined to support the public movement "Free Donbas", which also included the party" Novorossiya ", and the remaining 29.3% did not decide on

1160-527: The end to the construction of an officially sanctioned memorial project at Poklonnaya Hill . The event met little repression from the authorities, and the participants met with Boris Yeltsin , then First Secretary of the Moscow City Committee of the CPSU , who listened to them attentively and promised to take into account their wishes. In 1986–1987, other organizations named Pamyat were formed in cities in

1200-466: The misfortunes of Russian people, disintegration of the economy, denationalization of Russian culture, alcoholism , ecological crisis" (according to Pamyat ). The Zionists were also blamed for the triggering of the revolutions in 1905 and 1917 , the death of millions in the course of the Russian Civil War and for Joseph Stalin 's personality cult . The contemporary Soviet government apparatus

1240-521: The old security apparatus, he did not have the time to reform it before he was fired in November 1991. According to Kalugin, he has never betrayed any Soviet agents except those who were already known to Western intelligence. He called intelligence defectors like Oleg Gordievsky "traitors." One of the allegations in his 1994 book, The First Directorate: My 32 Years in Intelligence and Espionage Against

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1280-455: The organization, Yevgeny Orlov, said that the party "goes with the same slogans and with the same program that supported the absolute majority of the population of the region during the referendum on May 11". It focuses on respect for people of all nationalities and cultures that reside on the territory of the republic, restoration of destroyed infrastructure, development of mechanisms of social protection and social justice. According to polls for

1320-641: The people of the North Caucasus , just like former Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic . In 2018 Kalugin alleged that Donald J. Trump could be a KGB-FSB asset since his 1987 visit to Moscow. The operation to lure Trump had begun with an overture in March 1986 by Soviet Ambassador to the United Nations Yuri Dubinin . In The Art of the Deal , Trump brags about how they talked about his proposal to build

1360-607: The plurality of Pamyat organizations was organized by the 5th Directorate (ideological) of the KGB of the USSR with the involvement of the CPSU MGK in order to discredit the organization of Dmitry Vasilyev. In 1991, the organization's newspaper (print run of 100,000) and radio station (both officially registered) were launched. By the late 1990s, the original Pamyat disappeared from the public scene. Dmitry Vasilyev died on July 17, 2003. The organization reactivated in 2005 and participated in

1400-555: The same name as the "true" Pamyat . One of them, the so-called Vasilyev's group , led by Dmitri Vasilyev (a former worker in Glazunov's studio), A. Andreyev, and A. Gladkov, focused its activities on the media . By the end of 1986, Pamyat' s leaders claimed to be the main ideologues of the emerging Russian nationalist movement . On May 6, 1987, Pamyat activists conducted an unregistered and illegal demonstration on Manezhnaya Square in Moscow in support of perestroika and to demand

1440-481: Was actually an American spy (though the KGB probably believed incorrectly). That made Kalugin himself seem to be a security risk. He was suspected of working for the CIA , but there was no supporting evidence. Vladimir Kryuchkov , Chairman of the KGB and orchestrator of the 1991 coup plot , alleged that in his time in counterintelligence, Kalugin failed to discover a single US agent, but his successor would allegedly find over

1480-475: Was alleged to be infiltrated by "Zionists and freemasons" working as "agents of Zionism" and serving the purpose of subordinating the Soviet government to the "Jewish capital". The " Zionist Occupation Government " accusation was often used by Pamyat . In 1993, a District Court in Moscow formally ruled that The Protocols of the Elders of Zion were a fake, and dismissed a libel suit by Pamyat . The organization

1520-492: Was charged with spying for the KGB in the 1970s and the 1980s. Upon being asked whether he knew the name of the U.S. military intelligence mole codenamed "Markiz," Kalugin responded "Yes. I did. His name was George Trofimoff." Kalugin testified that Metropolitan Bishop Iriney (Susemihl) , the Russian Orthodox hierarch of Austria , had recruited Trofimoff into the service of the KGB. Kalugin further described having invited

1560-591: Was criticized for using the document in their publications. The group disappeared by the 1990s and was split into other groups like The National Patriotic Front and The Russian National Unity. Defunct From the open letter of the NPF "Pamyat" leader D. Vasilyev to the President of the Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin: From the open letter of the NPF "Pamyat" leader D. Vasilyev to the President of

1600-541: Was split into several groups, which had in common only a belief in the existence of a worldwide " Zionomasonic conspiracy " and the Pamyat name. By the early 1990s, several organizations bore this name, including: After several splits and the imminent dissolution of the Soviet Union , the organization adopted a monarchist position. In August 1990, a permanent NPF council member, Aleksandr Barkashov (the author of The ABC of

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