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46-548: The Franco-German Ministerial Council replaces the regular summits of the heads of state of France and Germany as designated in the Élysée Treaty of 1963. During the celebrations of the 40th anniversary of the Élysée Treaty it was decided to put the ministerial staff into regular direct contact. It is the duty of the respective foreign ministers to prepare the ministerial council. The Franco-German anniversary declaration of 22 January 2003 also includes sections to put councils at regional level in direct contact. The annual summits of

92-458: A more marginal or subsidiary role in determining policy. Similarly, the political powers invested in the foreign minister are often more limited in presidential governments with a strong executive branch . Since the end of World War II, it has been common for both the foreign minister and defense minister to be part of an inner cabinet (commonly known as a national security council ) in order to coordinate defense and diplomatic policy . Although

138-456: A movement away from barbarism toward civilization . 18th-century philosopher and political scientist Marquis de Condorcet predicted that political progress would involve the disappearance of slavery , the rise of literacy , the lessening of sex inequality , reform of prisons , which at the time were harsh, and the decline of poverty. Modernity or modernisation was a key form of the idea of progress as promoted by classical liberals in

184-462: A need for measures to address these problems. Progressivism has influenced various political movements. Social liberalism was influenced by British liberal philosopher John Stuart Mill 's conception of people being "progressive beings." British Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli developed progressive conservatism under one-nation Toryism . In France, the space between social revolution and

230-402: A range of diverse political pressure groups , not always united, progressives rejected social Darwinism , believing that the problems society faced, such as class warfare , greed , poverty , racism and violence , could best be addressed by providing good education, a safe environment, and an efficient workplace. Progressives lived mainly in the cities, were college educated, and believed in

276-658: A strong central government. President Theodore Roosevelt of the Republican Party and later the Progressive Party declared that he "always believed that wise progressivism and wise conservatism go hand in hand." President Woodrow Wilson was also a member of the American progressive movement within the Democratic Party . Progressive stances have evolved. Imperialism was a controversial issue within progressivism in

322-464: Is a left-leaning political philosophy and reform movement that seeks to advance the human condition through social reform – primarily based on purported advancements in social organization , science , and technology . Adherents hold that progressivism has universal application and endeavor to spread this idea to human societies everywhere. Progressivism arose during the Age of Enlightenment out of

368-487: Is classified as a (cultural or social) progressive party, but it calls itself "economically centrist and socially liberal". Economic progressivism —also New Progressive Economics —is a term used to distinguish it from progressivism in cultural fields. Economic progressives may draw from a variety of economic traditions, including democratic capitalism , democratic socialism , social democracy , and social liberalism . Overall, economic progressives' views are rooted in

414-604: Is generally the most well-traveled member of any cabinet. Although it is very rare for there to be any sub-national foreign minister post, sometimes there is a minor external relations position. The European Union has dealt with external relations in certain areas since its inception (see EU Trade Commissioner ) and has a high representative as its chief diplomat. However, his or her duties are primarily to implement EU foreign policy , rather than formulate it. [REDACTED] Media related to Foreign affairs ministries at Wikimedia Commons Progressivism Progressivism

460-670: The Deutsch-Französische Bürgerfonds (Franco-German Citizen Fund - enabling sister-city arrangements) in 2020, the Deutsch-Französische Ausschuss für grenzüberschreitende Zusammenarbeit (Franco-German committee for cross-border cooperation - constituted when borders were closed during the pandemic) in 2020, and the Deutsch-Französische Zukunftswerk (Franco-German Future Workshop - analysing progressive movements ) in 2020. Additionally

506-541: The Future Combat Air System programme to be developed until 2040 under the leadership of Airbus Defence and Space . On the 2019 summit, the countries agreed to take a joint effort on supporting research on breakthrough technologies. A network for artificial intelligence shall be created by the Agentur für Sprunginnovationen (leap innovation board) to establish a European Innovation Council (see Horizon 2020 and

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552-824: The Social Gospel emerged in North America that focused on challenging economic exploitation and poverty and, by the mid-1890s, was common in many Protestant theological seminaries in the United States. Early 20th-century progressivism included support for American engagement in World War I and the creation of and participation in the League of Nations , compulsory sterilisation in Scandinavia, and eugenics in Great Britain, and

598-853: The South Block in New Delhi for India's Ministry of External Affairs ; the Necessidades Palace in Lisbon for Portugal's Ministry of Foreign Affairs ; the Wilhelmstraße , in Berlin, was the location of the German Foreign Office ; and Foggy Bottom , a neighborhood of Washington, D.C., houses the Department of State . The Ministry of External Relations of Brazil is often referred as the "Itamaraty" due to

644-568: The corona crisis the meeting for 2020 was cancelled and the meeting for 2021 was held only using teleconferences. The planned meeting for 2022 in Fontainbleau was moved to 2023 at short notice as the Ukraine crisis did not allow biliteral preparations to come to consensual positions. There is no official English title of the conference as all documents are handled in French and German only. The writers of

690-529: The founders of the American Republic , whereby the authority of government depends on observing limitations on its just powers. What began as a social movement in the 1890s grew into a popular political movement referred to as the Progressive era ; in the 1912 United States presidential election , all three U.S. presidential candidates claimed to be progressives. While the term progressivism represents

736-684: The presidential election and parliamentary election in France in Spring 2017, the annual council was moved to July 2017. The 2013 meeting was held on 22 January 2013 in Berlin alongside the 50th anniversary of the Élysée Treaty with a joint ministerial council and a joint parliamentary assembly of the French National Assembly and the German Bundestag at the Reichstag building in Berlin. Due to

782-592: The socialist movement of the time and as humane ways to assist in maintaining the Industrial Revolution . In 1891, the Roman Catholic Church encyclical Rerum novarum issued by Pope Leo XIII condemned the exploitation of labor and urged support for labor unions and government regulation of businesses in the interests of social justice while upholding the property right and criticising socialism. A progressive Protestant outlook called

828-535: The socially conservative laissez-faire centre-right was filled with the emergence of radicalism which thought that social progress required anti-clericalism , humanism , and republicanism . Especially anti-clericalism was the dominant influence on the centre-left in many French- and Romance-speaking countries until the mid-20th century. In Imperial Germany , Chancellor Otto von Bismarck enacted various progressive social welfare measures out of paternalistic conservative motivations to distance workers from

874-408: The temperance movement . Progressives believed that progress was stifled by economic inequality , inadequately regulated monopolistic corporations, and conflict between workers and elites, arguing that corrective measures were needed. In the United States, progressivism began as an intellectual rebellion against the political philosophy of Constitutionalism as expressed by John Locke and

920-585: The 19th and 20th centuries, who called for the rapid modernisation of the economy and society to remove the traditional hindrances to free markets and the free movements of people. In the late 19th century, a political view rose in popularity in the Western world that progress was being stifled by vast economic inequality between the rich and the poor, minimally regulated laissez-faire capitalism with out-of-control monopolistic corporations , intense and often violent conflict between capitalists and workers, with

966-471: The 19th and early 20th centuries saw many heads of government assume the foreign ministry, this practice has since become uncommon in most developed nations . In some countries, the foreign minister is typically among the highest profiles of cabinet positions. For instance, in the US, its foreign minister is the first member of cabinet in line for the presidential line of succession (with the vice president, speaker of

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1012-466: The French or German government or when the institutions are referenced in documents of the European Union. There may be differences in the translations in the beginning until a common name is established. Ministry of foreign affairs In many countries, the ministry of foreign affairs (abbreviated as MFA or MOFA ) is the highest government department exclusively or primarily responsible for

1058-630: The United States House of Representatives, and president pro-tempore of the United States Senate ahead of the foreign minister). The UK's foreign secretary belongs to the four Great Offices of State (along with the prime minister, chancellor of the exchequer, and home secretary). Along with their political roles, foreign ministers are also traditionally responsible for many diplomatic duties, such as hosting foreign world leaders and going on state visits to other countries. The foreign minister

1104-558: The banner of progressivism, both the current and historical movement are characterized by a critique of unregulated capitalism, desiring a more active democratic government to take a role in safeguarding human rights , bringing about cultural development , and being a check-and-balance on corporate monopolies . There are differences in specific approaches between factions, including capitalist-leaning social liberals and social democrats versus some anti-capitalist democratic socialists . Immanuel Kant identified progress as being

1150-629: The belief that civility in Europe was improving due to the application of new empirical knowledge . In modern political discourse, progressivism is often associated with social liberalism , a left-leaning type of liberalism, and social democracy . Within economic progressivism , there is some ideological variety on the social liberal to social democrat continuum, as well as occasionally some variance on cultural issues; examples of this include some Christian democrat and conservative-leaning communitarian movements. While many ideologies can fall under

1196-462: The concept of social justice and the common good , and aim to improve the human condition through government regulation , social protections and the maintenance of public goods . Some economic progressives may show centre-right views on cultural issues. These movements are related to communitarian conservative movements such as Christian democracy and one-nation conservatism . An early mention of techno-progressivism appeared in 1999 as

1242-559: The declaration mentions the support for the IPCEI groups ( Important Project of Common European Interest ) which is funding strategic industry projects in core Europe . The joint ministerial meeting of the 22. January 2003 in Paris is counted as the 1. Franco-German Ministerial Council. Due to federal elections in Germany the meetings were skipped in autumn 2005 , autumn 2009 and autumn 2013 . Due to

1288-471: The democratic process. The unifying theme is to call attention to the negative impacts of current institutions or ways of doing things and to advocate for social progress , i.e., for positive change as defined by any of several standards such as the expansion of democracy , increased egalitarianism in the form of economic and social equality as well as improved well being of a population. Proponents of social democracy have identified themselves as promoting

1334-663: The discussion on the underfunded Horizon Europe project). The bilateral Aachen Treaty on further Franco-German integration efforts was endorsed which includes additional funding for the Youth Office (DFJW / OFAJ). The Franco-German Main Ground Combat System shall support the developments of the European PESCO Project on Security and Defence. The 2019 goals were emphasized in 2021 ensuring additional funding for military and cultural projects. New institutions include

1380-572: The foreign minister in Germany choose Franco-German Council of Ministers in summary notes. Reports being handed over from the working groups to the EU have chosen Franco-German Ministerial Council being a more direct (word by word) translation. The meeting themselves are referred to as the annual Franco-German Summit. Similarly the created institutions do only have official names in German and French. English names can be derived from international press briefings of

1426-816: The foreign minister is colloquially called " chancellor " ( canciller in the Spanish-speaking countries and chanceler in the Portuguese-speaking Brazil). Diplomats, themselves, and historians often refer to the foreign ministry by its local address, for example, the Ballhausplatz in Vienna housed the Foreign Ministry of Austria-Hungary ; the Quai d'Orsay in Paris for France's Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs ;

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1472-618: The head of government (such as prime minister or president). In some nations, such as India , the foreign minister is referred to as the minister for external affairs ; or others, such as Brazil and the states created from the former Soviet Union , call the position the minister of external relations. In the United States, the secretary of state is the member of the Cabinet who handles foreign relations. Other common titles may include minister of foreign relations. In many countries of Latin America,

1518-579: The heads of state of France and Germany had already been replaced by Blaesheim Process with regular meetings every six to eight weeks named after the little town Blaesheim near Strasbourg where the first meeting was held on 31 January 2001. The joint ministerial council represents another step in the Franco-German integration —the original Elysee Treaty of 1963 saw the creation of a student exchange office ( Office franco-allemand pour la jeunesse - OFAJ / Deutsch-Französisches Jugendwerk - DFJW) that

1564-422: The joint ministerial council meetings turned to an annual interval. The declaration named goals such as the harmonisation of the social modell, the education system, the taxation standard and it pointed to MALE drones as part of the bilateral military collaboration. On the 2017 summit the creation of an integration office (Conseil franco-allemand de l’intégration - CFAI / Deutsch-Französische Integrationsrat - DFIR)

1610-441: The late 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly in the United States, where some progressives supported American imperialism while others opposed it. In response to World War I , President Woodrow Wilson 's Fourteen Points established the concept of national self-determination and criticised imperialist competition and colonial injustices. Anti-imperialists supported these views in areas resisting imperial rule. During

1656-488: The ministers of finance about four times a year and a joint council on security affairs was created ( Conseil franco-allemand de défense et de sécurité - CFADS / Deutsch-Französischer Verteidigungs- und Sicherheitsrat - DFVSR) organising meetings of the ministers of external affairs and the military about twice a year. An annual joint ministerial council on environment protection ( Conseil franco-allemand de l’environnement - CFAE / Deutsch-Französischer Umweltrat )

1702-521: The period of acceptance of economic Keynesianism (the 1930s–1970s), there was widespread acceptance in many nations of a large role for state intervention in the economy. With the rise of neoliberalism and challenges to state interventionist policies in the 1970s and 1980s, centre-left progressive movements responded by adopting the Third Way , which emphasised a major role for the market economy . There have been social democrats who have called for

1748-416: The progressive cause. Progressivism, in the general sense, mainly means social and cultural progressivism. The term cultural liberalism is used in a substantially similar context and can be said to be a synonym for cultural progressivism. Unlike progressives in a broader sense, some cultural progressives may be economically centrist , conservative , or politically libertarian . The Czech Pirate Party

1794-451: The removal of "all political, cultural, biological, and psychological limits to self-actualization and self-realization". According to techno-progressivism, scientific and technical aspects of progress are linked to ethical and social developments in society. Therefore, according to the majority of techno-progressive viewpoints, advancements in science and technology will not be considered proper progress until and unless they are accompanied by

1840-563: The social-democratic movement to move past Third Way. Prominent progressive conservative elements in the British Conservative Party have criticised neoliberalism. In the 21st century, progressives continue to favour public policy that they theorise will reduce or lessen the harmful effects of economic inequality as well as systemic discrimination such as institutional racism ; to advocate for social safety nets and workers' rights ; and to oppose corporate influence on

1886-421: The state's foreign policy and relations , diplomacy , bilateral , and multilateral relations affairs as well as for providing support, including consular services, for a country's citizens who are abroad. The entity is usually headed by a foreign minister or minister of foreign affairs (the title may vary, such as secretary of state who has the same functions). The foreign minister typically reports to

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1932-562: The two homonymous palaces that served as its headquarters, the original one in Rio de Janeiro (1899–1970) and the present Itamaraty Palace (since 1970) in Brasília . Indonesians also often refer to their Ministry of Foreign Affairs as "Pejambon", since the ministry's main headquarters is located at Pejambon Street, Central Jakarta . During the Russian Empire , which lasted until 1917, the term used

1978-480: Was extended into a joint council on cultural exchange in 1988 ( Haut-Conseil culturel franco-allemand - HCCFA / Deutsch-Französischer Kulturrat - DFKR). On the 22nd anniversary of the Elysee Treaty (22 January 1988) a joint council on economic affairs was created ( Conseil économique et financier franco-allemand - CEFFA / Deutsch-französischer Finanz- und Wirtschaftsrat - DFFWR) organising meetings of

2024-499: Was first held on 13 February 1990 following a resolution of the ministerial consultations on 2 November 1989. On the 50th anniversary of the Elysee Treaty a declaration was resolved by the Franco-German Ministerial Council on 22 January 2013. The "Erklärung des Deutsch-Französischen Ministerrats anlässlich des 50. Jahrestags des Élysée-Vertrags" asked for more integration on the administration level. After that point

2070-630: Was resolved. This committee is handling tasks of the migrant crisis 2015 and it promotes actions on the Franco-German University which was founded in 2013. This was followed by the 2018 Meseburg Declaration which asked for the introduction of a common corporate tax and the start of common military research naming the Main Ground Combat System (MGCS) and the Future Combat Aerial System (FCAS). In 2019 Spain joined

2116-631: Was the Choristers' Bridge in Saint Petersburg . In contrast, the Italian ministry was called the Consulta . A foreign minister's powers vary from government to government. In a classic parliamentary system , a foreign minister can potentially exert significant influence in forming foreign policy but when the government is dominated by a strong prime minister , the foreign minister may be limited to playing

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