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85-624: Born in Palmi near Reggio di Calabria , Cilea was the son of a prominent lawyer and originally intended to follow his father into a law career. He gave an early indication of an aptitude for music when at the age of four he heard a performance of Vincenzo Bellini 's Norma and was greatly affected by it. He was sent to study music at the Conservatorio di San Pietro a Majella in Naples , where he quickly demonstrated his diligence and precocious talent, earning

170-490: A protohistoric village with huts dating back to the Bronze Age (4,000 years ago). Not far from the park there are the caves of Pignarelle, forming a rock settlement of Byzantine monastic origin, made by the monks themselves between the 6th and 8th centuries, digging in the sandstone. The complex consists of several caves, the largest of which appears to have a shape of a basilica with three naves with side corridors that form

255-799: A symphonic poem in honour of Giuseppe Verdi with verses by Sem Benelli , which was first performed at the Teatro Carlo Felice in Genoa . After this he devoted himself principally to education and became director of the Conservatorio Vincenzo Bellini in Palermo , and then at his alma mater , the Conservatorio San Pietro a Maiella in Naples, where he ended his teaching career in 1936. In his last years Cilea's eyesight failed but his mind

340-545: A brief period in the 1930s when it benefited from political support which the composer established through personal contact with Mussolini . Again at the Teatro Lirico in Milan, on 6 November 1902 and again with Enrico Caruso, the composer won an enthusiastic reception for Adriana Lecouvreur , a 4-act opera with a libretto by Arturo Colautti , set in 18th century Paris and based upon a play by Eugène Scribe . Adriana Lecouvreur

425-528: A costume. Alagna did not return to the production. A fire destroyed the previous theatre, the Teatro Regio Ducale , on 25 February 1776, after a carnival gala. A group of ninety wealthy Milanese, who owned private boxes in the theatre, wrote to Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este asking for a new theatre and a provisional one to be used while completing the new one. The neoclassical architect Giuseppe Piermarini produced an initial design. However, it

510-562: A cross in the shape of a Greek cross , and some tunnels. Testimony of the prehistoric age is also the cave of Pietrosa, the cavity formed by a single large underground environment in which it is a human settlement since the Bronze Age and the Helladic period, as shown by the pottery found in it. The service sector is the main driver of the city economy, especially in the presence of public and private offices (law firms and professional). The city

595-461: A gold medal from the Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione (Department of Education). In 1889, for his final examination at the end of his course of study, he submitted his opera Gina , with a libretto by Enrico Golisciani which was adapted from the old French play Catherine, ou La Croix d'or by Baron Anne-Honoré-Joseph Duveyrier de Mélésville (1787–1865). This "melodramma idilico" was performed in

680-466: A half hours and covers 11 kilometres (7 mi) of road, with a participation of about 30,000 devotees. Another form of votive offering is wax, anatomical human, as a sign of gratitude for a miraculous healing. The last of July is celebrated "Our Lady of the High Sea", with a procession of the statue in the sea with a boat, followed by a procession of boats and yachts. The procession of Saint Fantino instead

765-513: A no-confidence motion against Muti. They demanded the resignation of Fontana's replacement, Mauro Meli. Muti had already been forced to cancel a concert a few days earlier because of the disagreements. Italy's culture minister, Giuliano Urbani , supported the conductor but called for urgent action by management to safeguard the smooth operation and prestige of La Scala. On 2 April 2005, Muti resigned from La Scala, citing "hostility" from staff members. In May 2005, Stéphane Lissner , formerly head of

850-545: A number of Italian theatres, it arrived at the Vienna Exhibition on 24 September 1892, alongside other works from the firm of Sonzogno. The composer never showed much sympathy for this work, the subject of which he reluctantly agreed to set to music in order to please Sonzogno and to avoid throwing away a rare professional opportunity. The loss of the orchestral score has prevented the modern revival of this work, whose fresh and catchy melodies can nevertheless be discovered in

935-478: A small fountain and some marble busts . The Archaeological park of Tauriani, opened in 2011, consists of the archaeological sites of the ruins of the ancient Tauriana. In the park there are the Watchtower, the remains of a theater having from 3,000 spectators, a Roman road that led to Via Popilia , a Roman sanctuary , a "House with mosaic " dating from the 1st century BC, an ancient Roman residential district and

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1020-449: A total of "3,000 or so" seats organized into 678 pit-stalls, arranged in six tiers of boxes above which is the 'loggione' or two galleries. Its stage is one of the largest in Italy (16.15m d x 20.4m w x 26m h). Building expenses were covered by the sale of boxes, which were lavishly decorated by their owners, impressing observers such as Stendhal . La Scala (as it came to be known) soon became

1105-549: Is Roman Catholic . With such a confession would be baptized on 98.1% of the population. The town is part of the Diocese of Oppido Mamertina-Palmi , which houses the offices, and is also seat of the vicariate. The district is now divided into five parishes . The municipal statute recognizes Saint Nicholas , as the patron of the city "to safeguard the Christian roots of their community". The Catholic Church has elected, September 12, 1733,

1190-787: Is also evidenced by the institution of four lay confraternities and some convents male and female religious. Almost all of the architecture in Palmi is of the 20th century, since the 1908 Messina earthquake destroyed the city completely. Of past centuries has remained the Watchtower (1565), the Church of the Crucifix (17th century), the Church of the Our Lady of the Help (1788) and the Temple of Saint Fantino (4th century),

1275-533: Is formed by a procession of horses and riders. Other processions are dedicated to the Crucifix , Saint Anthony , Our Lady of Mount Carmel , Our Lady of help (with torches), Saint Elia , Our Lady of the Mountain and the Immaculate and provide all of the small fairs and fireworks. All religious festivals are accompanied by the city's " Parade of Giants ". The Giants are two enormous papier-mâché figures that run through

1360-414: Is given by the "Piana Palmi Multiservice", the public transport company of the city, connecting with each other the various neighborhoods of the city. The nearest airport is that of Reggio Calabria. Palmi is, Reggio Calabria after, the main educational center of the province with approximately 6,000 students and 43 schools. Based in a city library, which has more than 120,000 volumes and is specializing in

1445-679: Is the Villa Comunale "Giuseppe Mazzini" , a public park in the historic center built in the 19th century and falls in the list of "National Monuments". To confirm this, in 1927, a decree was issued constraint for "panoramic scenes from the place that they enjoy". The park, from whose balcony are wonderful the Tyrrhenian Sea, the Straits of Messina and the Aeolian Islands , Scilla and Bagnara Calabra, consists of tall trees, with cobblestone walkways,

1530-501: Is the "fountain of Palm"(1922) built in Baroque style, the type Bernini modern, for which he was issued a national stamp. The most recent is the "fountain of Saint Roch" (2010). Other important monuments are the obelisk to Our Lady of Mount Carmel, the monument to Saint Francis of Assisi and some Roman columns found in the archaeological remains of Tauriana. At the Lido di Palmi is located on

1615-459: Is the opera of Cilea which is best known to international audiences today, and it reveals the spontaneity of a melodic style drawn from the Neapolitan school combined with harmonic and tonal shading influenced by French composers such as Massenet . There are a number of extant examples documenting Cilea's modest skills as a performer. At the piano Cilea accompanied Caruso in a recording of a part of

1700-470: Is the seat of the court, prison, police, Court of Assize , Judiciary Police , firefighters, health organizations, general hospital, high school, universities and other offices of decentralization of the Italian Agency of Revenue . From the point of view of trade, the development of Palmi is served primarily by small business, especially apparel and clothing boutiques, bars and restaurants, mostly located in

1785-546: The Aix-en-Provence Festival , was appointed General Manager and artistic director of La Scala, becoming the first non-Italian in its history to hold the office. On 15 May 2006, Daniel Barenboim was named Maestro Scaligero , or de facto principal guest conductor of the company. In October 2011, Barenboim was appointed the next music director of La Scala, effective December 2011, with an initial contract of 5 years. In December 2013, management named Riccardo Chailly

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1870-492: The Holy Family (2005). This is an example of modern religious architecture. Of note, the church of Saint Elijah (1958) reconstructed in a place where a church was built in 884 by St. Elias of Enna. The old town is full of civil architecture of neoclassical style and the fascist period. Among the most important are two buildings designed by Marcello Piacentini . In addition Palmi is rich in monumental fountains. The main one

1955-750: The Our Lady of the Sacred Letter as patron of the city and the popular devotion, over the centuries, has elevated to the title of Saint Roch , patron and protector. In ancient Tauriana and Monte Sant'Elia, before the foundation of Palmi, were born or have lived personality venerated as saints by the Catholic Church. These figures are the Saint Fantino the old , Saint Fantino the Young , Saint Elias of Enna and Saint Filarete . The deep-rooted Catholic culture town

2040-578: The Strait of Messina ". In addition to being the main administrative center, office and school of the Tyrrhenian coast of the province of Reggio Calabria, Palmi was also an important agricultural and commercial center and a bishopric of Roman Catholic Diocese of Oppido Mamertina-Palmi . For centuries, the city was one of the most important cultural centers of Calabria in the literary, musical, historical and archaeological interest. Gave birth, among others, to

2125-553: The Varia di Palmi , inserted in 2013 in the UNESCO " Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity ", and the feast of Saint Roch with the "procession of barbed wire". About the origins of the name given to Palmi is a constant tradition, followed over the centuries to its foundation, it has acquired its name because of the many palm trees that stood in its territory, so much so that

2210-682: The War Memorial of the First World War (produced by Michele Guerrisi ). Nearby is the mausoleum of Francesco Cilea (1962), in which are the remains of the local artist. Of particular interest to the artistic and historical heritage is the shrine of Our Lady of Mount Carmel , in Baroque style , bound to its high value. The other churches are dedicated to Our Lady of the Rosary (1937), Immaculate Conception and Saint Roch (1952), Adoration (1966) and

2295-455: The gallery " Leonida and Albertina Repaci" , the ethnographic museum "Raffaele Corso" , the library "Domenico Topa" , the antiquarium "Nicola De Rosa" , the museum music " Francesco Cilea and Nicola Antonio Manfroce " , the plaster casts " Michele Guerrisi " , the State Archives of Reggio Calabria - Section of Palmi . Football is the most popular sport in Palmi. The football team is

2380-510: The province of Reggio Calabria in Calabria . It is seat of the district, which includes 33 municipalities in the plain of Gioia Tauro, with a population of approximately 170,000 inhabitants. With the nearby beaches of Marina di Palmi and Lido di Palmi, overlooking the Violet coast , the city is a major seaside resort thanks to its landscape, which has led writers and poets to call it the "terrace on

2465-576: The "Cave of Pietrosa" or hut remains discovered in Taureana of Palmi . From the 4th century BC and up to the 10th century, in the municipality developed on the city of Tauriana before Brettia and Roman . The latter was in 951, which was destroyed by the troops of the Emir Palermo Hasan Ibn Ali, for failure tribute owed by the Byzantines to which belonged the extreme southern Italy. Fleeing,

2550-563: The Accademia d'Arti e Mestieri dello Spettacolo (Academy for the Performing Arts). Its goal is to train a new generation of young musicians, technical staff, and dancers (at the Scuola di Ballo del Teatro alla Scala , one of the academy's divisions). Above the boxes, La Scala has a gallery—called the loggione —where the less wealthy can watch the performances. The gallery is typically crowded with

2635-695: The Agrarian Institute, with the support of the American Red Cross $ 250,000. In 1961 were founded the Institute of Technical Sales and the Teaching Institute was founded in 1968 as a school of art. In 1971 was created the high school and sports. In addition to these schools, over the years they were born a Professional Institute of Industry and Handicrafts and the private technical institute. There are many events that take place in Palmi, especially in

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2720-649: The Fort of Pietrenere. The work designed by the French military during the period of Joachim Murat , at the beginning of the 19th century. The last structure to be reported is the Open Air Theatre (2000), which is perched on a terrace which is admirable the Straits of Messina and the centers of Scilla and Bagnara Calabra . The property hosts numerous events "Summer of Palmi" and has a capacity of 1,000 seats. The main natural area

2805-589: The Scala ' ) is a historic opera house in Milan , Italy. The theatre was inaugurated on 3 August 1778 and was originally known as il Nuovo Regio Ducale Teatro alla Scala ( lit.   ' the New Royal Ducal Theatre at the Scala ' , which was the former location of a church ). The premiere performance was Antonio Salieri 's Europa riconosciuta . Most of Italy's greatest operatic artists, and many of

2890-469: The Teatro Comunale of Reggio di Calabria were renamed in his memory, and his native town of Palmi built a mausoleum in his memory, decorated with scenes from the myth of Orpheus . Operas Other works Voice and piano Palmi, Calabria Palmi ( Italian: [ˈpalmi] ; Reggino : Parmi ; Latin : Palmae ) is a comune (municipality) of about 19,303 inhabitants in

2975-603: The Violet Coast. The name comes from the fact that the sea, a short distance from the coast, reaches great depths by placing the water a deep blue color that the sun, at sunset (between May and September), color with violet reflections. A little further south is the Cape Motta . The whole coast of Palmi, in which are located the bay of the Marinella and the bay of Tonnara , is enriched with marine and coastal caves and reefs . Among

3060-522: The Virgin Mary) and human figures representing "Padreterno" God, the apostles , and angels. The 2013 edition saw the participation of about 180,000 spectators. Important is also the feast of Saint Roch (August 16). There are numerous traditions. During the procession of the statue through the streets, some wearing faithful participate for votive offerings, stripped to the waist, a cloak of thorns of wild broom (called "spalas"). The procession lasts four and

3145-587: The area of Palmi are two: the Battipaglia–Reggio di Calabria railway and the Gioia Tauro-Palmi railway , for a total of four train stations (Central Palmi, Palmi Trodio, Taureana, San Fantino). Palmi is reachable by sea from the port in the bay of Tonnara. The structure is the main hub for tourism of the Tyrrhenian coast of southern Calabria, thanks to its 200 berths (300 in anticipation). Urban mobility

3230-535: The award of two "Blue Sails ", always by Legambiente, placing the city in second place in the entire Tyrrhenian coast, in the stretch between Tropea and Strait of Messina . In addition Palmi is a tourist destination for summer events organized within the "Summer of Palmi". Regarding the tourism infrastructure in the city center you can find many hotel facilities while in the seaside suburbs of Taureana and Lido di Palmi are located various hotels, beaches, restaurants and campsites. The main road infrastructure that crosses

3315-435: The city of Palmi is the motorway A2 Salerno-Reggio di Calabria , in the municipality, has two outputs, the "release of Palmi" and the "release of Sant'Elia". Besides the highway the most important way is the highway state roads 18 that runs through the urban area town for about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi). Other important routes are the roads that connect Palmi with Seminara and Taurianova . The railway lines that run through

3400-425: The city streets to the rhythm of drums. A represents a Saracen warrior named Grifone and the other a white woman named Mata. The House of Culture Leonida Repaci , is a modern multi-purpose museum. Its construction began in 1968 by the will of the municipal administration of the time and under the auspices of Giacomo Mancini, then Minister of Public Works. The building was inaugurated on 17 January 1982 and named after

3485-665: The college theatre, and it attracted the attention of the publishers Sonzogno , who arranged for a second production, in Florence , in 1892. Sonzogno also then commissioned from Cilea La Tilda , a verismo opera in three short acts along the lines of Mascagni's Cavalleria rusticana . With a libretto by Angelo Zanardini , La Tilda had a successful first performance in April 1892 at the Teatro Pagliano in Florence, and after performances in

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3570-476: The commercial activity of its inhabitants and the foresight of the Marquis Andrea Arena Concublet that instituted a "fair". The walls to the east fell gradually to allow the coupling to the new agglomerations were to be formed as a result of population growth. Also in the 17th century the urban fabric focused around a node formed by the new "Market Square". In the 18th century Palmi crossed one of

3655-703: The composer attempted a later revision, was enough to drive him to abandon the operatic stage for good. There are however indications of some later unfulfilled operatic projects, which survive as parts or sketches of libretti, such as Il ritorno dell'amore by Renato Simoni , Malena by Ettore Moschino , and La rosa di Pompei , also by Moschino (dated "Naples, 20 May 1924"). Some sources also refer to an opera of 1909, completed but never performed, called Il matrimonio selvaggio , but no copy of this survives and Cilea himself made no mention of it in his volumes of memoirs ("Ricordi"). Nevertheless, he continued to compose chamber music, and some orchestral music. In 1913 he produced

3740-402: The crude recording techniques of the day Cilea's piano playing seems square and lifeless. Cilea's last opera, premièred at La Scala in Milan on 15 April 1907 under the baton of Arturo Toscanini , was the 3-act tragedy Gloria , again with a libretto by Colautti, based on a play by Victorien Sardou . The opera was withdrawn after only two performances; and the failure of this work, even though

3825-505: The duet Non piu nobile and made another recording with the baritone De Luca at the same time (November 1902). In 1904, for the Gramophone (and Typewriter Company), he accompanied the tenor Fernando de Lucia in L'Anima ho stanca from Adriana Lecouvreur and in the song Lontananza, an effort which critic Michael Henstock (in his biography of de Lucia) declares is hardly inspired by de Lucia's fine performances. According to Henstock, even given

3910-485: The expression to indicate Palmi. Which, in the 16th century, by Gabriel Barrio was called to Parma while Lando Alberti was appointed as Palma . Carlopoli was also named in the aforesaid century, in honor of the Duke Carlo Spinelli, who rebuilt the fortress after a Saracen devastation, so much so that in 1567 are given the title of oppidum (a confirmation of fortification) and Palma nunc Carlopoli assuming that

3995-594: The famous composer Francesco Cilea , and the writer Leonida Repaci and houses the museum complex of the House of Culture and the Archaeological park of Tauriani , on the ruins of the ancient city of Tauriana . In the latter lived in Saint Fantino , the oldest saint of Calabria and the crypt, which contained his remains, is currently the oldest catholic place of worship in the region. In addition to Palmi are celebrated two holidays of national importance. The two events are

4080-428: The feast day of Milan's patron saint . All performances must end before midnight, and long operas start earlier in the evening when necessary. The Museo Teatrale alla Scala (La Scala Theatre Museum), accessible from the theatre's foyer and a part of the house, contains a collection of paintings, drafts, statues, costumes, and other documents regarding the history of La Scala and of opera in general. La Scala also hosts

4165-752: The finest singers from around the world, have appeared at La Scala. The theatre is regarded as one of the leading opera and ballet theatres globally. It is home to the La Scala Theatre Chorus, La Scala Theatre Ballet , La Scala Theatre Orchestra, and the Filarmonica della Scala orchestra. The theatre also has an associate school, known as the La Scala Theatre Academy (Italian: Accademia Teatro alla Scala ), which offers professional training in music, dance, stagecraft, and stage management. La Scala's season opens on 7 December, Saint Ambrose 's Day,

4250-582: The first are the "cave of the Sirens", the "cave dell'Arcudace" and the "cave Perciata" while the rocks are the main stumbling "reef Trachini", "Stone Galera", "the reef of island" and "reefs Agliastro". Among the latter is the famous reef of the Olive , which is a rock on top of which is grown in the past centuries, an olive tree. A part of the area included in the list of Special Protection Area and Site of Community Importance of Calabria. The most widespread religion

4335-461: The first productions of many famous operas and had a special relationship with Verdi. However, for several years, Verdi did not allow his work to be played here, as some of his music had been modified (he said "corrupted") by the orchestra. This dispute originated in a disagreement over the production of his Giovanna d'Arco in 1845; however, the composer later conducted his Requiem there on 25 May 1874. He announced in 1886 that La Scala would host

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4420-509: The general manager of La Scala since 1990, was dismissed in February 2005 by the board of governors over differences with the music director, Riccardo Muti . The resulting staff backlash caused serious disruptions and staff strikes. In a statement, the theatre's board said it was "urgent to unify the theatre's management". On 16 March 2005, the La Scala orchestra and other staff overwhelmingly approved

4505-508: The historic center. The other main source of the city's economy is tourism. Palmi is one of the major tourist destinations of the Province of Reggio Calabria in the sea. The beach Rovaglioso scored in 2013, the recognition by Legambiente as the most beautiful beach in Calabria and among the top 17 beaches in Italy. The other beaches of Lido di Palmi, which attract many tourists, in 2010, received

4590-428: The history and literature of Calabria, a school of applied psychology which is a center for research and education and a private university in which active undergraduate courses in law, economics, political science and education. The public schools consist of two elementary schools, three middle schools and many secondary schools. The school is the oldest high school classic, established in 1889. Was born in 1909 instead of

4675-404: The history of the miracle of Our Lady of Mount Carmel Palmi . In 1908 Palmi was almost totally destroyed by the violent earthquake of December 28 , which resulted in about 600 deaths. The town was rebuilt. Pucci stavolgendo almost completely urban planning of the past centuries. The reconstruction, which involved the entire first half of the 20th century, gave the city a pleasant appearance, with

4760-400: The indication De Palmis , Roger I Count Calabria specified grant of the Church of San Georgium , in 1085, the Church of St. Mary of the Twelve apostles and Bagnara Calabra . Dominus Palmae was called instead by Baron De Iacobus Roto of Seminara in the records of the Angevin barons of Calabria in 1333, while in the following centuries, the ancient Civitas Palmarum notaries they used

4845-411: The large garrison Bourbon in town. With ' Unification of Italy , the district was repealed and the city was placed at the head of the district of Palmi (abolished in 1927). In 1894, the city was the epicenter of an earthquake. Despite the power of the shock and the great ruins that produced, the number of deaths was only eight, of this was due to a condition referred to as miraculous, which coincided with

4930-421: The last feudal lord Duke Charles Spinelli decided to fortify it. In this way, the city took on a rectangular shape and was surrounded by walls with four imposing towers which stood extremes. In that century, the city grew in importance attracting all the maritime trade of the southern coast of Calabria. Independent of Seminara in 1632 in the 17th century, the city developed urbanistically and economically thanks to

5015-419: The local writer Leonida Repaci in November 1984. The property has an area of over 2,000 square metres (22,000 sq ft), and inside there is a modern auditorium in which they are held conferences and meetings. Its construction was funded by the Region of Calabria, designed by technicians of the Superintendency of Public Works of Catanzaro and built by local craftsmen. In the House of Culture are located:

5100-409: The main U.S. Palmese 1912 that in the past he played for five seasons in the league of level III (now Lega Pro) missing, among other things, the playoffs in 1935 for access to the Serie B . In addition, in 1934, Palmese has played in Palmi two friendlies against AS Roma and AC Fiorentina . Golem Volley is the town's professional women's volleyball club. In road cycling , May 25, 1982, Palmi

5185-421: The memory of the opera even to the present day. In reality L'Arlesiana was a failure which Cilea, being convinced of the work's value, tried repeatedly to remedy, making drastic and detailed alterations throughout the remainder of his life. In the score which we hear today, it is hard to find a single bar which is completely unchanged from the original. The revised opera was however still not successful, apart from

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5270-481: The most critical opera aficionados, known as the loggionisti, who can be ecstatic or merciless towards singers' perceived successes or failures. For their failures, artists receive a " baptism of fire " from these aficionados, and fiascos are long remembered. For example, in 2006, tenor Roberto Alagna left the stage after being booed during a performance of Aida , forcing his understudy , Antonello Palombi , to quickly replace him mid-scene without time to change into

5355-411: The most flourishing periods of its history, until 1783, when it was hit by an earthquake which resulted in 1,400 deaths. The reconstruction of the city took part following the plan prepared by Ing. G. De Cosiron. The city was placed in the capital of the district in 1806. In 1860 took the landing of Giuseppe Garibaldi and his expedition of the Thousand to Marina di Palmi, and the event had put to flight

5440-400: The municipal area is made up to the south by Monte Sant'Elia and to the north-west by a flat area on which stand the districts comprising the seaside Lido di Palmi . The main waterway is the river that marks the border Petrace north-east of the township, the resort Pontevecchio to its mouth on the Tyrrhenian Sea. The most westerly tip is called Cape Barbi , and from this promontory starts

5525-405: The new Carlopoli was built next to the old town. Only in 1669 it began to be written Palmi , but with the start of the 18th century, the city was known as ordinarily Palme , a name that always prevailed until the unification of Italy (1860), where it settled as Palmi . The municipal area was already inhabited by the Bronze Age , as evidenced by findings obtained in the excavations conducted in

5610-408: The next music director of La Scala, effective 1 January 2015. Stéphane Lissner left La Scala for the Paris Opera . His successor Alexander Pereira  [ de ] , formerly director of the Salzburg Festival , began his tenure on 1 October 2014. In June 2019 it was announced that Pereira will leave in 2020 and will be replaced by Dominique Meyer . La Scala was originally selected to host

5695-411: The oldest place of worship in Calabria which were crypt houses the remains of the saint. The other architectures have been so altered or rebuilt after 1908. The main one is the Cathedral of Saint Nicholas (1932), in Romanesque style , with near Civic Tower (1956). In front of the religious complex there is a communal palace, called Palazzo San Nicola (1932), and subsequently there is a park that houses

5780-480: The opera company was satisfied with the improvements to the structure and the sound quality, which was enhanced when the heavy red carpets in the hall were removed. The stage was entirely rebuilt, and an enlarged backstage allows more sets to be stored, permitting more productions. Seats now include monitors for the electronic libretto system provided by Radio Marconi , an Italian company, allowing audiences to follow opera libretti in English and Italian in addition to

5865-399: The opera lover, as Mary Shelley discovered in September 1840: At the Opera they were giving Otto Nicolai 's Templario . Unfortunately, as is well known, the theatre of La Scala serves, not only as the universal drawing-room for all the society of Milan but every sort of trading transaction, from horse-dealing to stock-jobbing , is carried on in the pit; so that brief and far between are

5950-401: The original language. The opera house re-opened on 7 December 2004 with a production, conducted by Riccardo Muti , of Salieri's Europa riconosciuta , the opera performed at La Scala's inauguration in 1778. Tickets for the re-opening fetched up to €2,000. The renovations cost a reported €61 million and left a budget shortfall that the opera house overcame in 2006. Carlo Fontana,

6035-400: The part of Taurianensi dedicated to traffic and the arts seamanship chose and planted the upper part of the coast, between Monte Aulinas and the river Metaurus, in district De Palmis where there were houses of the Tauriani. The small town, hamlet of Seminara and feudal lords of the latter, was hit again in the course of centuries by Saracen pirates until, in 1549, after the devastation of

6120-424: The preeminent meeting place for noble and wealthy Milanese people. In the tradition of the times, the main floor had no chairs, and spectators watched the shows standing up. The orchestra was in full sight, as the orchestra pit had not yet been built. As with most of the theatres at that time, La Scala was also a casino , with gamblers sitting in the foyer. Conditions in the auditorium, too, could be frustrating for

6205-464: The premiere of what was to become his penultimate opera, Otello . The premiere of his last opera, Falstaff was also given in the theatre. In 1982, the Filarmonica della Scala orchestra was established to develop a symphonic repertoire to add to La Scala's operatic tradition, the orchestra drawing its members from the larger pool of musicians that comprise the Orchestra della Scala. The Filarmonica

6290-410: The snatches of melody one can catch. La Scala was originally illuminated with 84 oil lamps mounted on the stage and another thousand in the rest of the theatre. To reduce the risks of fire, several rooms were filled with hundreds of water buckets. In time, oil lamps were replaced by gas lamps; these, in turn, were replaced by electric lights in 1883. The original structure was renovated in 1907 when it

6375-545: The summer ("Summer of Palmi") and with religious significance. The main one is the Varia di Palmi , inserted in 2013 in the list of UNESCO " Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity ", which is a huge holy wagon that represents the universe and the Assumption of the Virgin Mary . Above the sacred chariot, 200 "mbuttaturi" (carriers) carry 16-metre (52 ft) tall human figures: "Animella" (child representing

6460-406: The summit. These included: Fausto Coppi , Gino Bartali , Felice Gimondi , Fiorenzo Magni , Francesco Moser , Gastone Nencini and Vittorio Adorni . La Scala La Scala ( UK : / l æ ˈ s k ɑː l ə / , US : / l ɑː -/ , Italian: [la ˈskaːla] ; officially Teatro alla Scala [teˈaːtro alla ˈskaːla] , lit.   ' Theatre at

6545-499: The traditional 7 December 2001 season-opening performances of Otello , which ran through December. From 19 January 2002 to November 2004, the opera company transferred to the new Teatro degli Arcimboldi , built in the Pirelli-Bicocca industrial area 4.5 miles (7.2 km) from the city center. The renovation by architect Mario Botta proved controversial, as preservationists feared that historic details would be lost. However,

6630-450: The transcription for voice and piano. On 27 November 1897, the Teatro Lirico in Milan saw the première of Cilea's third opera L'Arlesiana , based on the play by Alphonse Daudet , with a libretto by Leopoldo Marenco . Among the cast was the young Enrico Caruso , who performed with great success the Lamento di Federico: È la solita storia del pastore , the romance which was to keep alive

6715-478: The uniformity of the volumes, with the neoclassical style of the new buildings and the construction of monuments and works of art. World War II saw the urban development in the field of tertiary putting Palmi as the main administrative center, office and school of the Tyrrhenian coast of the province through the establishment of secondary schools, facilities of the armed forces, health facilities and judicial offices and other public and private entities. In 1999

6800-523: Was active enough to encourage and work with singers of the day. Among his last musical activities was his championship of the soprano Magda Olivero (1910–2014), whose performances in the title role of Adriana Lecouvreur he especially admired. Cilea died in Varazze , a town near Savona in Liguria , which offered him honorary citizenship and where he spent the last years of his life. The Conservatorio di Musica and

6885-438: Was conducted first by Carlo Maria Giulini , then by Riccardo Muti , plus many collaborative relations with some of the greatest conductors of the time. As early as 1958 R. Vermeulen of Philips Electronics experimented with "loudspeakers for stereo reverberation" at La Scala, which were "concealed in the cove along the ceiling". The theatre underwent a major renovation from early 2002 to late 2004. The theatre closed following

6970-647: Was established by the Province of Reggio Calabria , the Environment of the Plain, renamed in 2008 district of Palmi. Palmi, overlooking the Tyrrhenian Sea , is located close to the slopes of Monte Sant'Elia , on a terrace overlooking a stretch of the Violet Coast. Much of the territory is formed by a series of terraced hills that rapidly degrade the sea through a system of cliffs, small beaches and cliffs. The remaining part of

7055-419: Was given its current layout with 1,987 seats. In 1943, during World War II , La Scala was severely damaged by bombing . It was rebuilt and reopened on 11 May 1946, with a memorable concert conducted by Arturo Toscanini —twice La Scala's principal conductor and an associate of the composers Giuseppe Verdi and Giacomo Puccini —with a soprano solo by Renata Tebaldi , which created a sensation. La Scala hosted

7140-557: Was home to start the 11th stage of the Giro d'Italia 1982 . The city is crossed by the caravan of the Giro d'Italia in other 11 editions. In addition Palmi has been home to start, or passage, numerous editions of the Giro di Calabria and, above all, the Giro della Provincia di Reggio Calabria . On the ascent of Monte Sant'Elia , in the past the biggest names in Italian cycling gave the show in climbing to

7225-453: Was rejected by Count Firmian (the governor of the then Austrian Lombardy ). A second plan was accepted in 1776 by Empress Maria Theresa . The new theatre was built on the former location of the church of Santa Maria della Scala , from which the theatre gets its name. The church was deconsecrated and demolished. Over a period of two years, the theatre was completed by Pietro Marliani, Pietro Nosetti, and Antonio and Giuseppe Fe. The theatre had

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