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43-694: The Fourteenth Street Historic District is located in the Logan Circle and U Street Corridor (a.k.a. Cardozo/Shaw) neighborhoods of Washington, D.C. It was listed on both the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites and the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. The area was then expanded on both lists in 2007. Development began in the area after the American Civil War along one of Washington's first street car lines. It illustrates

86-521: A bachelor's degree ; Ella Watson, subject of Gordon Parks 's famous photograph American Gothic, Washington, D.C. ; and James Lesesne Wells , noted graphic artist and longtime art instructor at Howard University . The Victorian building on the north side of the park, 15 Logan Circle, was built for military officer and diplomat Seth Ledyard Phelps and served as the Korean legation from 1889 to 1905. Following an extensive restoration project,

129-642: A broader sense — including areas as far north as Dupont Circle , as far west as Foggy Bottom , and as far east as Capitol Hill . Only about half of the central city workforce is located within the city’s traditional Downtown. ِِِA small portion of this area is known as the Downtown Historic District and was listed on the NRHP in 2001. The Washington, D.C. government does not officially define neighborhoods or neighborhood boundaries, so there are varying definitions of which areas constitute Downtown D.C. or

172-490: A bronze statue base designed by architect Richard Morris Hunt . On April 9, 1901, the 25-foot monument was dedicated by President William McKinley , Senator Chauncey Depew , and General Grenville M. Dodge . In the early 20th century, 14th Street NW rose to prominence as a main shopping district for both black and white Washingtonians on the edge of downtown Washington D.C. , and became known as an area for auto showrooms. Farther north, "14th and U" became synonymous with

215-523: A fifth, going from around 59% to around 70% of the neighborhood's population during those ten years. The Asian population was up 9%, Residents are served by the District of Columbia Public Schools (DCPS). Garrison Elementary School in Logan Circle has a capacity of over 350 students. As of 2013 the school had 228 students. Residents are zoned to Garrison, and to Cardozo Education Campus . Logan Circle

258-651: A height of 110 feet (34 m). The act was amended in 1910 to allow buildings 20 feet (6.1 m) higher than the width of the adjacent street. As of 2006 , the tallest building in downtown Washington—excluding the Washington Monument , U.S. Capitol , Washington National Cathedral , and the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception , all of which are outside of the downtown district—is

301-427: A large African-American community, later known as Shaw , which encompassed parts of Logan Circle and U Street to the north. Segregation marked the emergence of this large area of well-preserved Victorian row houses as a predominantly African-American community; the unofficial dividing line was 16th Street NW , several blocks to the west, with Logan Circle and its older homes sandwiched in between. During this period,

344-491: A variety of retailers , restaurants, art galleries , live theater , and nightlife venue gay bars catering to the neighborhood's booming LGBT population. A watershed event in the development of the neighborhood was the opening of a Whole Foods Market two blocks from Logan Circle in December 2000. No full grocery store was in the area. It was developed on a site previously occupied by an abandoned service garage ; it

387-516: Is Gallery Place, where large crowds gather day and night, especially after sporting events at the Capital One Arena . Crime and street brawls increased in the area and its adjacent Gallery Place Metro station between 2008 and 2010, primarily due to the large groups of teenagers from across the metropolitan area gathering there. Notable downtown restaurants include Fogo de Chão , Loeb's NY Deli , Old Ebbitt Grill , and Wok 'n' Roll (located in

430-563: Is bounded by 16th Street NW, Massachusetts Avenue NW, 21st Street NW, and Pennsylvania Avenue NW. Both BIDs work to enhance the diversity of business in their respective jurisdictions as well as the quality of life by providing directions for tourists, improving street and sidewalk cleanliness, and advising police about potential or existing problems. Various federal ( Federal Protective Service , Federal Bureau of Investigation , Secret Service , United States Mint Police , United States Park Police , etc.), city ( Metropolitan Police Department of

473-787: Is composed of office buildings of varying architectural styles. The oldest tend to be of the Federal school, as are the White House , the Treasury Building , Blair House , and the rowhouses that line Lafayette Square . Others run the gamut from Neoclassical (such as the buildings at Federal Triangle) to Second Empire-style (the Eisenhower Executive Office Building ) to postmodern (One Farragut Square South and Franklin Tower at 1401 I Street NW). The historic Willard Hotel

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516-409: Is increasing. In 1990, the area had about 4,000 residents, but this had increased to 8,449 by 2010. Such increases appear small, but are more significant than they seem because the city's height restrictions limit population density. The completion of the $ 950 million CityCenterDC project in late 2013 is estimated to add another 1,000 or more residents. One exception to the low nighttime foot traffic

559-810: Is located at 1318 Vermont Avenue NW, one block south of the circle. The Second Empire -style building is a designated National Historic Site and houses the Mary McLeod Bethune Memorial Museum and the National Archives for Black Women's History. In addition to the Logan Circle Historic District, the neighborhood includes the much larger Fourteenth Street Historic District , added to the NRHP in 1994. The district's approximately 765 contributing properties are considered historically significant because they represent residential and commercial development resulting from one of

602-408: Is now one of the chain's highest-grossing markets. Gentrification in Logan Circle has resulted in a dramatic change of neighborhood demographics ; since the 1990s, thousands of White young LGBT and hipster adults have moved into the neighborhood, while thousands of Black families have moved out because of rising prices. The Logan Circle Historic District is an eight-block area surrounding

645-520: Is the setting for Dinaw Mengestu 's The Beautiful Things That Heaven Bears , a novel about an Ethiopian American struggling to start a new life in Washington, D.C. Gil Scott-Heron 's 1974 song " The Bottle " describes the lives of the alcoholics living in the area. Downtown Washington D.C. Downtown is the central business district of Washington, D.C. , located in Northwest D.C. It

688-643: Is the third largest central business district in the United States. The "Traditional Downtown" has been defined as an area roughly between Union Station in the east and 16th Street NW in the west, and between the National Mall on the south and Massachusetts Avenue on the north, including Penn Quarter . However, nowadays, Downtown D.C. can often refer to a larger area, as the DC Office of Planning states: …most residents, workers, and visitors think of Downtown in

731-524: The Civil War , present-day Logan Circle was home to Camp Barker , former barracks converted into a refugee camp for newly freed slaves from nearby Virginia and Maryland . In the 1870s, streets, elm trees, and other amenities were installed by Washington Mayor Alexander Robey Shepherd , who encouraged the development of the area. Streetcar tracks were laid into what was then a very swampy area north of downtown Washington, to encourage development of

774-594: The Downtown Urban Renewal Action Area and are: The Downtown BID thus encompasses Penn Quarter , Chinatown , CityCenterDC , and the F Street shopping district . The Golden Triangle is an area defined by the Golden Triangle Business Improvement District (BID). It is part of a larger Downtown area according to The Washington Post and DC Department of Planning. The Golden Triangle boundaries are, very roughly: By

817-483: The Mary E. Surratt Boarding House ). Many restaurants are concentrated in the relatively small areas of Chinatown and Gallery Place. Capital One Arena (originally MCI Center, later Verizon Center), a major basketball, hockey, and events venue, opened on Mount Vernon Square in 1997. It proved to be a major attraction, drawing more than 20 million visitors in its first decade of operation. Union Station anchors downtown on

860-506: The National Register of Historic Places or as D.C. Historic Landmarks. The circle's origins date to the 1870's, when the area was developed as a residential neighborhood to serve Washington's growing bourgeoisie . In 1901, President William McKinley inaugurated the General Logan equestrian statue at the center of the circle's park. In 1930, the U.S. Congress officially named the circle in honor of Union General John A. Logan . During

903-572: The United House of Prayer For All People ; John A. Lankford, the first African American architect in Washington, D.C.; Belford Lawson Jr. , lead attorney in the landmark case New Negro Alliance v. Sanitary Grocery Co. ; Alain LeRoy Locke , the first African American Rhodes Scholar and central figure in the Harlem Renaissance ; Mary Jane Patterson , the first African American woman to earn

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946-540: The White House ), McPherson Square , Mount Vernon Square , the National World War I Memorial (formerly Pershing Park), Scott Circle , Thomas Circle , and Washington Circle . The largest paved square in the city, Freedom Plaza , is located on Pennsylvania Avenue NW between 13th and 14th Streets NW . The city pedestrianized a two-block-long stretch of 16th Street NW closest to the White House as Black Lives Matter Plaza and pedestrianized it in 2020, during

989-563: The central business district of D.C. In a 2008 map, the city's planning department showed as existing Downtown areas a broad swath of everything between Georgetown on the west and Union Station on the east, with a northern boundary of and Massachusetts Avenue, and a southern boundary, roughly, of E Street, thus including the West End , Foggy Bottom , Golden Triangle , Traditional Downtown, Chinatown, Mount Vernon Square , and Downtown East. This diamond-shaped area stretches from Union Station in

1032-803: The 1990s and continuing into the 2010s, the core of the downtown district was almost exclusively commercial, and its primary commercial use was as office buildings. The area also featured a number of attractions, including museums (such as the International Spy Museum , National Aquarium , National Archives , National Building Museum , National Museum of Women in the Arts , National Portrait Gallery , Newseum , and Smithsonian American Art Museum ) and theaters (such as Ford's Theatre , National Theatre , Shakespeare Theatre , Warner Theatre , and Woolly Mammoth Theatre ). The Penn Quarter and Chinatown areas in particular are home to many bars and restaurants, and

1075-730: The District of Columbia , District of Columbia Housing Authority Office of Public Safety ), and regional ( Metro Transit Police Department ) law enforcement agencies have concurrent, overlapping jurisdiction in Downtown D.C. Both BIDs in the area also provide semi-uniformed unsworn police forces, which help to maintain order and provide street intelligence by communicating via cell phone with the Metropolitan Police Department and Metro Transit Police. D.C. Housing Authority Police do not have jurisdiction outside public housing, but do patrol Gallery Place to pick up and provide intelligence on

1118-529: The Old Post Office Pavilion, whose 315-foot (96 m) tall clock tower looms far above other nearby structures. The tallest commercial building is One Franklin Square , at 210 feet (64 m). A number of public urban parks exist in the downtown area. Among the more prominent are: Farragut Square , Franklin Square , Judiciary Square , Lafayette Square (the portion of President's Park north of

1161-540: The boom and bust cycle of this mode of transportation in the city. There are approximately 765 buildings that date from about 1859 to the mid-1930s. Residential styles employed include the Second Empire , Eastlake , Queen Anne and Romanesque Revival . There is also a collection of early 20th century automobile showrooms in the district as well. Logan Circle (Washington, D.C.) Logan Circle includes two historic districts, as well as numerous sites listed on

1204-520: The building now serves as the Old Korean Legation Museum . The Iowa, designed by Thomas Franklin Schneider in 1901, was the birthplace of anthropologist Julian Steward . The Logan Circle neighborhood is bordered: The traffic circle is the intersection of 13th Street, P Street, Rhode Island Avenue , and Vermont Avenue. The National Park Service maintains the land located within

1247-571: The building was renamed in 1884 after a bronze statue of Martin Luther was installed on the church's property. Luther Place Memorial Church was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 16, 1973. The Gladstone and Hawarden , designed by architect George S. Cooper in 1900, are early examples of Washington's middle class apartment houses. Named for U.K. Prime Minister William Gladstone and his estate Hawarden Castle , they are

1290-524: The circle, containing 135 late-19th-century residences designed predominantly in the Late Victorian and Richardsonian Romanesque styles of architecture. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 30, 1972. The former home of Mary McLeod Bethune , an African American educator, author, and civil rights leader who founded the National Council of Negro Women ,

1333-552: The earliest streetcar lines in Washington, D.C. , the Capital Traction Company 's 14th Street line, built in the 1880s. The oldest house of worship in the Fourteenth Street Historic District is Luther Place Memorial Church , built 1870–1873, an ELCA Lutheran church situated on the north side of Thomas Circle . Originally known as Memorial Evangelical Lutheran Church of Washington, D.C.,

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1376-437: The east and besides serving as a hub for Amtrak , VRE and MARC suburban rail, Metro rail and buses, was also an important shopping and dining destination from 1988 until COVID-19 in 2020 forced most tenants to close. As of 2022, authorities are considering plans for renovation and new construction over the railyards behind the station connecting it to the burgeoning NoMa neighborhood. The majority of downtown Washington

1419-705: The east, south to the National Mall, northwest past the White House to Washington Circle in Foggy Bottom and northeast to DuPont Circle. It includes not only the Traditional Downtown and the Golden Triangle (which is the southern part of DuPont Circle neighborhood), but also West End and Foggy Bottom . The Downtown BID boundaries roughly conform with the more traditional definitions of Downtown and those of

1462-409: The first documented twin apartment buildings in Washington, D.C. The Gladstone and Hawarden were added to the NRHP on September 7, 1994. The District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites includes several properties in Logan Circle that are not listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Among them are the former residences of: Charles Manuel "Sweet Daddy" Grace , flamboyant founder of

1505-435: The influx of suburban workers into DC. In 1980, to encourage more people to use Metro , the inner lanes across Logan Circle were closed. Later they were removed and the park restored. During the 1980s and 1990s, Logan Circle, although dominated by Victorian homes that had survived mostly untouched by redevelopment or riots, was considered an unsafe neighborhood by many due to overt drug use and prostitution that existed in

1548-594: The neighborhood. During this period, property values in the area began to increase, but issues of homelessness in the area came to the forefront. Fourteenth Street, NW became widely viewed as Washington's red light district . It also became an area for small, independent theater companies that acquired relatively cheap space north of the circle. During the 2000s, the area gentrified and housing costs sharply increased after derelict buildings were torn down or remodeled. The commercial corridors along 14th and P streets attracted significant revitalization . They now feature

1591-602: The observation deck in the tower of the Old Post Office Pavilion is known for its views of the city. 7th Street NW between H and F Streets NW—a short commercial strip known as "Gallery Place"—has become a major hub of bars, restaurants, theaters, and upscale retail shops. However, even as late as 2010, most of the core area tended to be empty of pedestrian foot traffic at night, except for streets immediately around theaters and restaurants. Downtown D.C. has been adding residents, however, and pedestrian traffic at night

1634-463: The original Washington City Plan . As a result, the area saw development of successive blocks of Victorian row houses marketed to the upper middle class, which sought to give Washington the reputation, modeled after European capitals, of a city of broad boulevards and well-manicured parks. Many of the larger and more ornate homes came with carriage houses and attached servant's quarters, which were later converted to apartments and rooming houses as

1677-514: The original Victorian homes in the area were subdivided into apartments, hostels, and rooming houses. With the end of legal segregation, middle-class residents of both races left the area. Many left after the destructive 1968 Washington, D.C. riots following the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. These devastated the 14th and U streets commercial corridors. In 1956, the three inner lanes of 13th Street were paved across Logan Circle to speed

1720-427: The series of George Floyd protests taking place in the city . Two business improvement districts cover the downtown D.C. area. The Downtown DC Business Improvement District (Downtown DC BID) is bounded by 16th Street NW, Massachusetts Avenue NW, and Constitution Avenue NW, and is funded by a voluntary tax provided by 825 businesses in the area. The Golden Triangle Business Improvement District (Golden Triangle BID)

1763-478: The traffic circle, a park measuring 360 feet (110 m) in diameter, furnished with wooden benches, decorative lampposts , an iron fence, and concrete sidewalks. The racial composition of the neighborhood is in flux, paralleling its gentrification, with the Black population decreasing from around one quarter to around one tenth of the population (2010 to 2020), while the non-Hispanic White proportion increased by around

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1806-791: The upper middle class moved elsewhere. Originally known as Iowa Circle , the park was renamed by Congress in 1930 in honor of John A. Logan , Commander of the Army of the Tennessee during the Civil War, Commander of the Grand Army of the Republic , and U.S. representative and senator for the state of Illinois , who lived at 4 Logan Circle. At the center of the circle stands Major General John A. Logan , an equestrian statue of Logan sculpted by Franklin Simmons and

1849-559: Was built in the Beaux-Arts style. Unlike other large cities in the U.S., Washington's downtown has a low skyline. With the advent of the skyscraper and the construction of the Cairo Hotel , residents were concerned that the city's European feel might be dwarfed by high-rise buildings. Congress therefore passed the Heights of Buildings Act in 1899, limiting any new building in Washington to

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