Ingush ( / ˈ ɪ ŋ ɡ ʊ ʃ / ; Гӏалгӏай мотт , Ghalghai mott , pronounced [ˈʁəlʁɑj mot] ) is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by about 350,000 people, known as the Ingush , across a region covering the Russian republics of Ingushetia , Chechnya , North Ossetia , as well as the countries Turkey , Kazakhstan , Jordan , Syria , Lebanon , et al.
12-510: Fortanga ( Ingush : Форта/Фарта , romanized: Forta / Farta ; Chechen : Марта , romanized: Marta ) historically sometimes referred as Balsu , is a river in North Caucasus that flows in Ingushetia and Chechnya . The length of the river is 69 km, the basin area is 526 km. The river originates near the border of Chechnya and Ingushetia on the northern slope of
24-642: A vigesimal system, where numbers lower than twenty are counted as in a base-ten system, but higher decads are base-twenty. In Ingush, "for main clauses, other than episode-initial and other all-new ones, verb-second order is most common. The verb, or the finite part of a compound verb or analytic tense form (i.e. the light verb or the auxiliary), follows the first word or phrase in the clause". Muusaa Musa vy V . PROG hwuona 2S . DAT telefon telephone jettazh strike. CVsim Muusaa vy hwuona telefon jettazh Musa V .PROG 2S.DAT telephone strike. CVsim It's Musa on
36-613: A written language with an Arabic -based writing system at the beginning of the 20th century. After the October Revolution it first used a Latin alphabet , which was later replaced by Cyrillic . The diphthongs are иэ /ie/, уо /uo/, оа /oɑ/ , ий /ij/, эи /ei/, ои /oi/, уи /ui/, ов /ow/, ув /uw/. The consonants of Ingush are as follows, including the Latin orthography developed by Johanna Nichols : Single consonants can be geminated by various morphophonemic processes. Ingush
48-542: A federal subject of Russia . It is possible that during the period of 8–12th century, when the Temples like Tkhaba-Yerdy emerged in Ingushetia, a writing system based on a Georgian script emerged. This is attested by the fact that a non- Georgian name, 'Enola', was found written on the arc of Tkhaba-Yerdy. Furthermore, Georgian text was found on archaeological items in Ingushetia that could not be deciphered. Ingush became
60-412: Is especially common in the tradition of descriptive linguistics of African languages . In marked nominative languages, where the nominative has case inflection, the accusative is unmarked and also serves as citation form. In these languages, the unmarked accusative/citation form is thus often called 'absolutive'. On the other hand, in certain nominative–accusative languages , it is the accusative which
72-403: Is explicitly marked for case, whereas the nominative is unmarked and serves as citation form. In such situations, the term 'absolutive' is occasionally used to describe the unmarked nominative/citation form. In tripartite languages , both the agent and object of a transitive clause have case forms, ergative and accusative, and the agent of an intransitive clause is the unmarked citation form. It
84-531: Is not divided into dialects with the exception of Galanchoz [ ru ] (native name: Галай-Чӏож/Галайн-Чӏаж), which is considered to be transitional between Chechen and Ingush. Ingush is a nominative–accusative language in its syntax , though it has ergative morphology . The most recent and in-depth analysis of the language shows eight cases: absolutive , ergative , genitive , dative , allative , instrumental , lative and comparative . Like many Northeast Caucasian languages, Ingush uses
96-751: The Nakh branch of the Northeast Caucasian language family . There is pervasive passive bilingualism between Ingush and Chechen. Ingush is spoken by about 350,000-400,000 people (2020) in Russia , primarily in the North Caucasian republics of Ingushetia , North Ossetia and Chechnya . Speakers can also be found in Kazakhstan , Uzbekistan , Turkmenistan , Belgium , Norway , Turkey and Jordan . Ingush is, alongside Russian, an official language of Ingushetia ,
108-894: The Tsoreylam (Khaylam) ridge. In the upper course it is called Martanka . Flows to the northeast. The mouth of the river is located near the village of Shaami-Yurt, 7.5 km along the right bank of the Assa River . The length of the river is 69 km. Settlements standing in the Fortanga river basin: Khay , Khayara, Tsechakhki, Singalhi, Gand-Alie, Phumatiye, Katargashtiye, Mulkaniye, Muzhak, Mashtie, Mazanty, Dekashari, Gozuni, Meredzhi , Dakih, Khaykhara, Gerety, Dalg-Bukh, Dak-Bukh, Egichozh, Egiboss, Dattykh , Belkhara, Gandalbos, Arshty , Izdig, Futtunchie, Akati , Bereshki, Samiogochie, Mergyiste, Bamut , Achkhoy-Martan , Shaami-Yurt . Ingush language Ingush and Chechen , together with Bats , constitute
120-493: The absolutive is the case used to mark both the subject of an intransitive verb and the object of a transitive verb in addition to being used for the citation form of a noun. It contrasts with the marked ergative case , which marks the subject of a transitive verb. For example, in Basque the noun mutil ' boy ' takes the bare singular article -a both as the subject of the intransitive clause mutila etorri da ( '
132-493: The boy came ' ) and as the object of the transitive clause Irakasleak mutila ikusi du ( ' the teacher has seen the boy ' ) in which the agent bears the ergative ending -a-k . In a very few cases, a marked absolutive has been reported, including in Nias and Sochiapam Chinantec . Occasionally, the term 'absolutive case' (or also: 'absolute case') is used for the unmarked case form in languages with other alignment types. This
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#1732887548031144-431: The phone for you. (After answering the phone.) Absolutive case In grammar , the absolutive case ( abbreviated ABS ) is the case of nouns in ergative–absolutive languages that would generally be the subjects of intransitive verbs or the objects of transitive verbs in the translational equivalents of nominative–accusative languages such as English . In languages with ergative–absolutive alignment ,
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