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65-507: Folsom California State Prison is a California State Prison in Folsom, California , United States, approximately 20 miles (32 km) northeast of the state capital of Sacramento . It is one of 34 adult institutions operated by the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation . Opened in 1880, Folsom is the state's second-oldest prison, after San Quentin , and the first in

130-401: A hospital after corrections officers discharged firearms during a riot involving 200 inmates. None of the inmates' injuries were life-threatening, and no corrections officers were injured during the incident. On Wednesday, September 19, 2012, a fight erupted in one of the yards, shortly after 11:00 am. No prison staffers are believed injured and the fight was eventually broken up by

195-450: A plaster of Paris face, to fool the guards until late the next day. This, according to the Warden, was seen in his bed and deceived the guards until general lock-up. An inmate, Carl Reese, tried to escape in 1932 using a diving suit fashioned from a football bladder, a goggle lens, and other scrounged materials. According to Floyd Davis, a prison guard of 13 years who continued to volunteer at

260-571: A Second Language, a literacy program, and computer assisted instruction. In January 2013 the Folsom Women's Facility, a standalone section for women, opened. The northernmost women's prison in the CDCR, the facility has space for 403 women. As of 2013, 25% of the women were Hispanic. The prison houses low-risk prisoners. Folsom was one of the first maximum-security prisons in the United States. Prior to

325-496: A capacity of 1,800 inmates. They spent most of their time in the dark, behind solid boiler plate doors in stone cells measuring 4 by 8 ft (1.2 by 2.4 m) with 6-inch (15 cm) eye slots. Air holes were drilled into the cell doors in the 1940s, and the cell doors are still in use today. FSP was the first prison in the world to have electric power, which was provided by the first hydroelectric powerhouse in California. After

390-498: A class assignment that ultimately freed four men (Ford Heights Four) who had been wrongfully convicted of a 1978 murder in Chicago's South Side ; two were death-row inmates. The case was one of several that led to a moratorium on capital punishment in Illinois . Sullivan wrote about the project, which won a special citation from Investigative Reporters and Editors, in an essay for

455-595: A coalition of nine Lakota tribes, and another by the National Coalition for Child Protection Reform, reviewed the ombudsman's report and found the NPR series was sound. In May 2015, a federal judge ruled in summary judgment in favor of South Dakota's tribes finding that the State of South Dakota and its Department of Social Services had "failed to protect Indian parents' fundamental rights." In May 2016, Sullivan collaborated with

520-458: A constitutional level of medical care to its prisoners and ordered the state's prison medical care system be put into receivership . The receivership started in 2006 and is still active. After the state's prison population peaked in 2006, a three-judge panel was convened in Plata and Coleman . This panel ordered the state to reduce its prison population to 137.5% of prison design capacity. The court order

585-422: A doubled sentence for any felony if the person convicted had a prior "serious or violent" felony conviction. It also required a mandatory 25-year-to-life sentence for any felony if the person convicted had two prior "serious or violent" felony convictions. Three Strikes was one of the largest drivers of California's increasing prison population over the next 2 decades. The highest recorded CDCR daily prison population

650-705: A federal court ruled in Plata v. Brown that the state failed to provide a constitutional level of medical care to its prisoners. Since 2009, the state has been under court order to reduce prison overcrowding to no higher than 137.5% of total design capacity. "The state spends millions of dollars each year in class-action litigation costs alone", often related to overcrowding or inadequate health care. In 2012, in response to multiple long-standing class-action lawsuits, as well as budget concerns and continuing overcrowding after Public Safety Realignment , CDCR published "The Future of California Corrections: A Blueprint to Save Billions of Dollars, End Federal Court Oversight, and Improve

715-612: A manhole and crawled 750 feet through the pitch black drain. Either Godwin's wife or his accomplice Karlic had left a raft that Godwin used to float down the river, following painted arrows on rocks that directed him where to go. In June 1987, Karlic was arrested in Hesperia, California , and convicted for aiding Godwin's escape. In January 1988, Shelly Godwin was classified as a federal fugitive for her role in her husband's escape. The FBI captured her in Dallas, Texas , on February 7, 1990. Godwin

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780-630: A moratorium on the death penalty, it has the largest condemned population of any state in the United States. While the last execution in California was in 2006, incarcerated people die in California prisons regularly. The most common cause of death in prison is "natural causes" (old age, chronic illness, or disease), followed by homicide at the hands of a law enforcement officer and then suicide. There were 9,909 deaths in CDCR custody from 2005 - 2018: Most suicides are via hanging. Most accidental deaths are from drug overdoses. The state's prison medical care system has been in receivership since 2006, when

845-482: A prison sentence. In 2018, the El Dorado Hills Genealogical Society started the process of researching and trying to determine which unmarked grave stone belonged to whom; the grave stones originally had only numbers and they were updated to have names as well. California Prison Industry Authority (CALPIA) program includes administration , a Braille enterprise, a license plate factory where

910-403: A series on the state of foster care for Native American children focusing largely on alleged wrongdoing in the state of South Dakota and garnering her a third Peabody and her second Robert F. Kennedy award for investigative reporting among other awards. Also in 2011, Sullivan won her second commendation from Investigative Reporters and Editors for her two-part series examining the origin of

975-520: A state budget of $ 15,788,581,000, or 7.4% of the total state budget, and was the 4th largest agency area budget. The majority of that budget goes towards personnel costs, with an estimated 57,653 positions funded for the 2019-2020 fiscal year. CDCR funding is organized into the following programs: The costs to run prisons are substantially subsidized by the use of incarcerated labor. Incarcerated workers do meal preparation, laundry, janitorial services, building maintenance, and other activities necessary for

1040-587: A violent altercation, killing fourteen including an unarmed prison guard and inmate George Baker. Convicted burglar Roy “the Rat” Stokes was charged with first degree murder, and hanged on January 3, 1930. Both Stokes and Baker are buried in the Folsom Prison Cemetery. On June 16, Matthew Harris, a Los Angeles robber, escaped from Folsom by making a lifelike dummy. The dummy was cleverly made to look real enough with Abbott's own hair, that of his cellmate, and

1105-572: Is California's second-oldest prison, long known for its harsh conditions in the decades following the California Gold Rush . Although FSP now houses primarily medium security prisoners, it was one of America's first maximum-security prisons . Construction of the facility began in 1857 on the site of the Stony Bar mining camp along the American River . The prison officially opened in 1880 with

1170-772: Is still active. Since that court order, the state has taken several steps to reduce prison overcrowding. In 2011, California passed Public Safety Realignment , which altered sentencing and supervision guidelines to shift responsibility for some prisoners to counties. Under Realignment, people with convictions for "non-serious, non-violent, non-sex" crimes serve their sentences in county jails and are under county community supervision upon release. CDCR also contracted with private companies to incarcerate thousands of people in private facilities in other states. Other legislative changes to reduce prison overcrowding include 2014 California Proposition 47 , which changed some felonies to misdemeanors, and 2016 California Proposition 57 , which allowed

1235-645: Is the most populous cellblock in the United States, with a capacity of nearly 1,200 inmates on four five-tiered sections. All cells include a toilet, sink, bunks, and storage space for inmate possessions. Prison facilities also include two dining halls, a large central prison exercise yard, and two smaller exercise yards. The visiting room includes an attached patio as well as space for non-contact visits. As of April 30, 2020, FSP's men's facilities were incarcerating people at 130.4% of design capacity, with 2,694 occupants, and FSP's women's facilities were incarcerating people at 68.5% of design capacity, with 276 occupants. FSP

1300-487: The Arizona SB 1070 immigration law . On August 9, 2013, NPR's ombudsman released an analysis of Sullivan's South Dakota series that concluded the series was "deeply flawed" and "should not have been aired as it was." However, NPR stood by the series and called the ombudsman's report "unorthodox, the sourcing selective, fact-gathering uneven and the conclusions, subjective or without foundation." Two subsequent reports, one by

1365-682: The Eighth Amendment 's prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment, as well as due process under the Fourteenth Amendment . This court case ended the use of indeterminate solitary confinement in California. Laura Sullivan Sullivan graduated from Lick-Wilmerding High School in San Francisco, California , and the Medill School of Journalism at Northwestern University . In 1996, Sullivan and two fellow university seniors expanded

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1430-613: The Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy at Harvard University and her third commendation from Investigative Reporters and Editors . Sullivan continued to collaborate with Frontline as a correspondent on five more films, Poverty, Politics and Profit, which examined the billions spent housing the poor, and Blackout in Puerto Rico, which investigated the federal response, Wall Street and years of neglect on

1495-523: The parole board to release people convicted of "non-violent" crimes once they served the full sentence for their primary offense. Prop 57 also required CDCR to develop uniform parole credits for good behavior and rehabilitative achievements, to incentivize rehabilitation. While prison populations have been declining since their peak in 2006, as of April 2020, 32 of California's 35 state-run prisons have incarcerated populations above their design capacities, and 10 prisons have incarcerated populations greater than

1560-448: The 137.5% limit from the Plata and Coleman court order. Valley State Prison has the highest overcrowding rate, with an incarcerated population at 150.1% of design capacity. Since the 2007–2008 fiscal year (the oldest year with enacted budget records maintained online by the state), Corrections and Rehabilitation has been between 6.3% and 7.8% of the California state budget. In the 2019-2020 fiscal year, Corrections and Rehabilitation had

1625-580: The 1970s and 1980s violence at Folsom peaked, when the Mexican Mafia , Black Guerrilla Family and other prison gangs made prisons increasingly dangerous. The establishment of Secure Housing Units , first at California State Prison, Sacramento , and later at Pelican Bay State Prison in Crescent City, and California State Prison, Corcoran , did much to control gang-related violence. On August 27, 2010, seven federal inmates at Folsom were admitted to

1690-631: The 50th anniversary of Cash's groundbreaking concert, the Sinaloa, Mexico norteño band Los Tigres del Norte performed for both male and female inmates at FSP. The performances were filmed as part of a Netflix special, and was released in September 2019. FSP has been the location of a number of feature films, including The Work , Riot in Cell Block 11 , Convicts 4 , American Me , The Jericho Mile , Another 48 Hrs. , Diggstown , parts of Walk

1755-598: The Bail Bond System examined the deep and costly flaws of bail bonding in the United States. In addition to her second Peabody and duPont, the series was also honored by the Scripps Howard Foundation , the Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy at Harvard University 's John F. Kennedy School of Government and the American Bar Association . In 2011, Sullivan produced

1820-612: The DART Award for Excellence in coverage of Trauma for outstanding reporting, an RTNDA Edward R Murrow Award for Investigative Reporting and her second Gracie Award for American Women in Radio and Television. In 2008, her series "36 Years of Solitary: Murder, Death and Justice on Angola" earned Sullivan her first Peabody, an Investigative Reporters and Editors award, and a Robert F. Kennedy Award for investigative reporting. In 2010, Sullivan's three part series Bonding For Profit: Behind

1885-659: The Line (a biographical film of Johnny Cash ), and Inside the Walls of Folsom Prison . FSP is referenced during the 1995 film Heat . It is suggested as being the home of Neil McCauley, the movie's main protagonist for seven years. A majority of the other accompanying crew members are said to have met and spent time in the facility. On the M-5 freeway in Farmington Hills, MI , two service drives – named Folsom and Freedom – are adjacent to

1950-587: The PBS series Frontline as a correspondent for an hour long documentary examining the profit-driven nature of the insurance business after disasters. Prior to this, Sullivan had worked on other investigations in disasters into the American Red Cross delving into the charity's finances and its performance after the Haiti earthquake and Hurricane Sandy . Those stories were honored with Sullivan's second Goldsmith Award from

2015-561: The Prison System", which articulated a strategy to improve rehabilitative programming, health care, housing, and parole operations. In 2013, people in long-term solitary confinement in the Security Housing Unit at Pelican Bay State Prison initiated a hunger strike in protest of the state's solitary confinement practices. A subsequent lawsuit, Ashker v. Governor of California , alleged that long-term solitary confinement violated

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2080-834: The Sunday June 27, 1999 edition of the Baltimore Sun . Before coming to NPR in 2004, Sullivan covered the United States Department of Justice , the FBI , and terrorism from the Baltimore Sun ' s Washington, D.C. bureau . In 2007, Sullivan won the 2007 Daniel Schorr Journalism Prize. and her first Gracie for her series "Life in Solitary Confinement". Her 2007 news series investigating sexual assault of Native American women won her first duPont. It also won

2145-480: The United States to have electricity. Folsom was also one of the first maximum security prisons . It has been the execution site of 93 condemned prisoners. Musician Johnny Cash put on two live performances at the prison on January 13, 1968. These were recorded and released as a live album titled At Folsom Prison . He had written and recorded the song " Folsom Prison Blues " more than a decade earlier. Both FSP and California State Prison, Sacramento (SAC) share

2210-501: The completion of its granite wall in the 1920s, the prison saw numerous escape attempts; the first occurred shortly after the first inmates arrived in the 1880s. Throughout Folsom's violent and bloody history, numerous riots and escape attempts have resulted in both inmate and staff deaths. In 1920, three convicts hijacked a prison train that was used to move materials and smashed it through a prison gate to escape. On Thanksgiving Day, November 24,1927, an attempted prison break resulted in

2275-475: The costs of housing prisoners "barely registered" in the state's budget. In 2009, Folsom was overcrowded, with 4,427 inmates. Around that year most of its prisoners who were released returned to prison after being released. Connected to the prison on a hillside above Folsom Dam is the Folsom Prison Burial Ground (or Folsom Prison Cemetery); a burial location for former inmates who died while serving

2340-446: The day-to-day operations of a prison. Incarcerated workers are paid between $ .08 and $ .37 per hour for their labor. CDCR divides the in-custody population into men and women. Men make up 95.5% of the in-custody population. Prisons facilities are designed for and run based on a specific gender. In 2019, the California state legislature passed SB 132, "The Transgender Respect, Agency, and Dignity Act", which will require that CDCR "house

2405-575: The eastbound and westbound sides respectively. Folsom Prison is mentioned in The Offspring 's 1998 song " Walla Walla ." However, the implied or mistaken location of Folsom is in Walla Walla, Washington , based on the song's lyrics. The series premiere of the Cartoon Network animated series Cow and Chicken , appropriately titled "Field Trip to Folsom Prison", sees the titular characters visiting

2470-557: The following designations: California has two death row locations for men at San Quentin State Prison and Corcoran State Prison . There is one death row location for women being Central California Women's Facility . While capital punishment is still legal in California, the last execution was in 2006 and Governor Gavin Newsom issued a moratorium on executions in 2019. See Capital punishment in California for further details. Over

2535-522: The foundation of the state capitol building and much of the gravel used in the early construction of California's roads. California's vehicle license plates have been manufactured at FSP since 1947. In 1968, Johnny Cash played a concert at the prison. Each attending prisoner lived in his own cell and nearly all were in an education program or learning a trade. Most of the attending prisoners who were released did not return to prison after being released. Laura Sullivan of National Public Radio said that

2600-552: The inmates have been making California license plates since before the 1930s, maintenance, metal fabrication , a printing plant, and a sign shop. The Vocational Inmate Program referred to as Construction and Technical Education (CTE's) include welding, auto mechanics, electronics, electrical works, masonry, building-maintenance, plumbing, carpentry, roofing, Union Ironworkers, Sustainable Ecological Environmental Development (SEEDS), and office services. The Academic Inmate Program includes Adult Basic Education, High School/GED, English as

2665-637: The island in the wake of Hurricane Maria . Blackout in Puerto Rico earned the team the 2019 Gerald Loeb Award for Video . Other Frontlines she was involved with include Trump's Trade Wars in 2019, Plastic Wars in 2020 and The Hospital Divide in 2021, which was a finalist for the Peabody Award. In 2022, Sullivan won her third duPont award for her podcast Waste Land and series airing on Planet Money and NPR in partnership with Frontline which investigated "How Big Oil Misled The Public Into Believing Plastic Would Be Recycled" unearthing internal records from

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2730-533: The mailing address: Represa, CA 95671. Represa (translated as " dam " from the Spanish language ) is the name given in 1892 to the State Prison post office because of its proximity to a dam on the American River that was under construction at the time. The dam was replaced in 1955 by the Folsom Dam . The facility includes five housing units within the secure perimeter, including the original two-tiered structure. Unit 1

2795-473: The most recent CDCR "Offender Data Points" report, the California state prison population breaks down by ethnicity as follows: As of the most recent CDCR "Offender Data Points" report, the California state prison population breaks down by sentence type as follows: Per the report, "Others" includes "those with commitment information not yet entered, those sentenced to prison for diagnostic evaluation, and boarders from other jurisdictions". While California has

2860-410: The museum after his retirement, the inmate made only one mistake: he did not make his breathing tube long enough and ended up drowning in the power-house-mill pond. Guards had to drain the pond to recover the inmate's body. Approximately 40 inmates had been waiting to talk to Warden Clarence Larkin concerning upcoming parole hearings when seven of the inmates suddenly attacked him. As they took him into

2925-427: The oil industry. The series also investigated how oil companies evaded regulation for 40 years over spilling billions of plastic pellets into the environment. In 2022, citing NPR's investigation, California Attorney General Rob Bonta opened an investigation into the actions of the oil and plastic industry saying it took part in "an aggressive campaign to deceive the public, perpetuating a myth that recycling can solve

2990-540: The one who had murdered Officer Hill, were executed in the gas chamber on December 2. Two others were executed on December 9, and the leader of the group was executed on December 16. Inmate Glen Stewart Godwin 's notable escape earned him a spot on the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list. In 1987, Godwin attempted to escape during his incarceration at Deuel Vocational Institute in Tracy, California , and he

3055-477: The passage of the Uniform Determinate Sentencing Act of 1976 . The introduction of determinate sentencing and subsequent increases in prison sentence lengths was the largest driver in a nearly 900% increase in California's prison population over the next 3 decades. In 1994, as part of a wave of "tough on crime" laws passed across the country, California passed a Three Strikes Law that required

3120-531: The past 4 decades, the California prison system has been substantially shaped by a set of legislative initiatives that caused a large increase in the prison population, which resulted in severe prison overcrowding and unconstitutional living conditions. Those conditions led to a set of court cases that mandated a reduction in overcrowding and changes to prison services, which resulted in a number of legislative initiatives to reduce overcrowding and improve conditions. California's prison population grew dramatically after

3185-425: The person in a correctional facility designated for men or women based on the individual’s preference" starting in 2021. Two prisons, California Institute for Women and Central California Women's Facility , are designated for women, and additionally Folsom State Prison houses men and women in separate facilities. All other prisons are designated for men. 3 of the 44 fire camps are designated for women. As of

3250-441: The prison guards (using less-than-lethal force), but one inmate was shot and at least ten other inmates had stab or slash wounds, authorities stated (the inmates were treated at area hospitals). Singer Johnny Cash made FSP widely known to the outside world through his song " Folsom Prison Blues " (1955) – which narrated a fictional account of an outlaw's incarceration, and through the two live concerts he performed at FSP. The first

3315-496: The prison on a field trip, only for Chicken to end up swapping places with a prisoner named Red. California State Prison The California state prison system is a system of prisons , fire camps , contract beds, reentry programs, and other special programs administered by the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) Division of Adult Institutions to incarcerate approximately 117,000 people as of April 2020. CDCR owns and operates 34 prisons throughout

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3380-477: The prison's Minimum Support Facility, and that the escape was discovered when the two failed to report to their work areas. Folsom State Prison correctional staff and California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) Office of Correctional Safety agents initiated escapee apprehension efforts. The CDCR, local law enforcement agencies, and the California Highway Patrol joined the search for

3445-444: The state and operates 1 prison leased from a private company . The California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation had a $ 15.8B budget for the 2019-2020 fiscal year, which was 7.4% of the state budget , and $ 13.6 billion ($ 13.3 billion General Fund and $ 347 million other funds) for CDCR in 2021-22. The state's prison medical care system has been in receivership since 2006, when a federal court ruled in Plata v. Brown that

3510-705: The state failed to provide a constitutional level of medical care to its prisoners. Since 2009, the state has been under court order to reduce prison overcrowding to no higher than 137.5% of total design capacity. California's first state prison was the Waban , a 268-ton wooden ship anchored in San Francisco Bay. Men incarcerated on the Waban constructed California's oldest active state prison, San Quentin State Prison , which opened in 1852. California's newest state prison, California Health Care Facility , opened in 2013 as part of

3575-471: The state of California took sole control of the death penalty in 1891, executions were held at Folsom and San Quentin . A total of 93 prisoners were hanged at FSP between December 13, 1895, and December 3, 1937. Subsequent executions were carried out in the gas chamber at San Quentin. Due to an incorrect record, it is often mistaken that there were 92 executions, but there were in fact 93. The prison's first hanging occurred on 13 December 1895 when Chen Hane

3640-757: The state's response to the federal court ruling in Plata v. Brown that the state failed to provide a constitutional level of medical care to its prisoners. Today, CDCR owns and operates 34 state prisons. CDCR additionally staffs California City Correctional Facility , which was leased from CoreCivic starting in 2013 as part of measures to reduce state prison overcrowding. Two facilities, California Institute for Women and Central California Women's Facility , are designated for women, and additionally Folsom State Prison houses men and women in separate facilities. The Legislative Analyst's Office describes four special missions for specific California state prisons, which impact their design and staffing: CDCR additionally makes

3705-507: The two men, who were apprehended in Inglewood, CA on November 22, 2010. Inmate Todd Willis walked away at about 8 A.M. from a minimum-security housing facility at the prison; five days later on October 31, 2017, an off-duty officer was driving through Rancho Cordova when she spotted him. Police were contacted and Willis was quickly apprehended. In 1937, Warden Clarence Larkin was stabbed during an escape attempt and died from his wounds. During

3770-411: The yard, other guards started firing. In the commotion that followed, Officer Harry Martin and Warden Larkin were both stabbed to death. Officer Martin died at the scene, and Warden Larkin died of his wounds five days later. The inmates involved in the attack were said to have attacked the Warden and the officer with shanks (prison-made knives). Also, a prison-made wooden imitation semiautomatic pistol

3835-401: Was "hanged by the neck until dead" at 10:00 am. The public was invited to witness the execution. In 1892 Hane was accused of murdering Lee Gong, even though a witness stated they saw Lee Sam shoot Gong; another said they thought Gong had been shot through a window while sitting at a desk. FSP industries include metal fabrication and a print shop, and the quarry at FSP provided granite for

3900-505: Was arrested in Mexico in 1991 but escaped again from a prison in Guadalajara in September of that year and remains at large. Two minimum-security inmates, Jeffrey William Howard, 43, and Garrett Daniel Summet, 34, escaped from Folsom on October 19, 2010. Prison spokesman Lt. Anthony Gentile did not elaborate on the circumstances of how the men got away, only saying that the two men fled from

3965-447: Was found; it was carved and meant for use in the attack. One of the seven inmates who attempted to escape was wanted for the murder of Officer James Hill, of the Marlow, Oklahoma Police Department, on April 20, 1931. Two of the escaping inmates were fatally shot during the incident. The remaining five were all sentenced to death and eventually executed in late 1938. Two suspects, including

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4030-460: Was in 1966; the more famous, held on January 13, 1968 in the FSP cafeteria, was recorded as the album At Folsom Prison . Cash later said the FSP inmates "were the most enthusiastic audience I ever played." The "Folsom Prison Blues" single from that album was #1 on the country music chart for four weeks, and the album was on the top 200 pop album chart for 122 weeks. A 40th-anniversary tribute concert

4095-474: Was moved to the maximum-security Folsom State Prison. Authorities believe Godwin's wife, Shelly Rose Godwin, and his former cellmate in Deuel, Lorenz Karlic, helped to plan his successful escape from Folsom. A hacksaw and other tools had been smuggled into the prison for Godwin. On June 5, 1987, he cut a hole through fence wire and escaped into a storm drain that emptied into the American River . Godwin dropped through

4160-453: Was on October 20, 2006, with 173,643 people under custody. In response to this population growth, between 1984 and 2005 California built 21 of the 35 prisons that CDCR currently operates in the state (see List of California state prisons for full details). Despite this construction, most of the prisons continued to be overcrowded. In 1995, the court ruled in federal class action civil rights lawsuit Plata v. Brown that CDCR failed to provide

4225-508: Was to take place in the same cafeteria at FSP on January 13, 2008, with a special appearance by Cash's original drummer W. S. "Fluke" Holland . The original plans were to stream the concert over the Internet, with four nonprofit groups underwriting the show and sharing in any proceeds from the show. However, a few days before the concert was to occur, it was canceled in a dispute over filming rights, media access, and security concerns. To celebrate

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