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53-575: The force was formed in 1851 under the command of Superintendent James Steer. They operated out of the basement in the Town Hall. On 9 June 1851 Mr Steer arrested James Johnson, a member of the Teetotal Society of Hastings, for being drunk and disorderly in a public place. On locking him up in a police cell, Steer gave him bread and water, and returned a short time later to check on him to find that he had hung himself. Steer cut him down immediately, but he

106-652: A "Report & Control Centre" was set up in the basement and was run by the police, fire and air raid precaution services. The room was invariably led by the Chief Constable Mr Jenkins or Police Inspector Butcher. In 1942 the Ministry of Food made a complaint to the Police Watch Committee that meals at the Folkestone Police canteen were not being properly recorded under rationing rules. The complaint

159-538: A 4×2 (two-wheel drive) version based on the Bedford SHZ chassis powered by a 6-cylinder 110-brake-horsepower (82-kilowatt) Beford petrol engine, carrying 400 imperial gallons (1,800 litres) of water and a 1,000 imp gal/min (4,500 L/min) Sigmund FN4 centrifugal pump. Later versions were based on the Bedford 4×4 RLHZ chassis, with the same pump and 300 imp gal (1,400 L) water capacity. Their primary role

212-530: A Transportable Water Unit more commonly known as "Bikini Units". These were floated on a raft so they could draw directly from a water and also use water under pressure to propel the raft. The AFS (and the Civil Defence Corps ) has never had any connection with any of the British armed forces, even though they used the same bronze-green paint colour. Although the supply of vehicles and equipment to both came via

265-426: A colonel in the military. Superintendents usually exercise the role of commanding officers of district commands or the role of second-in-command in the metropolitan and regional commands. The rank insignia of a superintendent consists of a dark blue epaulet with two crossed horsewhips inside a laurel wreath and three PSP stars arranged in an inverted triangle. Each PSP star consists of a six-point silver star with

318-566: A crown over a pip (the rank badge formerly worn by superintendents). This lasted until 1974, when superintendent once more became a single rank, wearing a crown on the epaulettes. From January 1954 there was one superintendent grade I and one chief inspector in each sub-division, one chief superintendent, one superintendent grade II and one detective superintendent grade I in each division, and one commander , one deputy commander , one detective chief superintendent, and one detective superintendent grade II in each district. A detective chief inspector

371-572: A crown, the same rank badge as a lieutenant-colonel and wear police caps with a laurel wreath across the brim to indicate seniority. In Canada , the rank of superintendent is usually the next senior rank up from inspector . Some police forces also have the higher rank of staff superintendent (senior staff superintendent) or regional superintendent. Quebec-based police forces (e.g. Sureté du Québec , Service de police de la Ville de Montréal , Quebec City Police Service ) do not use this rank or rank structure. Hong Kong Police Force ranks are based on

424-419: A number of transgressions in office. In a written statement, the officer accused Beesley of misusing police-owned vehicles, issuing petrol coupons to unauthorised persons, using police-owned fuel for unofficial purposes and for allowing an Inspector to take a vehicle out of the force area when on leave. Lack of evidence meant that no charges or disciplinary action was taken against Beesley, who became infuriated at

477-757: Is UK£ 70,1734 rising to £82,881 after five years. These salaries may be affected by regional and competency pay allowances. In the United States , superintendent is the title used for the head of certain police departments, such as the New Jersey State Police , Police Command Staff in New York State Police , Massachusetts State Police , Chicago Police Department , New Orleans Police Department , Ohio State Highway Patrol , Missouri State Highway Patrol , Oregon State Police , and Indiana State Police . In some police departments, superintendent

530-500: Is a rank in the British police and in most English-speaking Commonwealth nations. In many Commonwealth countries, the full version is superintendent of police ( SP ). The rank is also used in most British Overseas Territories , in many former British colonies, as well as in Portugal and in several former Portuguese colonies . In some countries, such as Italy, the rank of superintendent

583-499: Is a chief superintendent or "high headman". Ceannfort is also used for the military rank of "commandant", equivalent to major. Each police district is commanded by a superintendent. Districts are sub-units of divisions, which are commanded by chief superintendents. In the Italian Polizia di Stato , the rank of vicequestore equals a British police superintendent, while the rank of sovrintendente (Italian for superintendent)

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636-565: Is a low-level rank, equal to a British or American police sergeant and also equal to sergeant in the Italian military. In Japan, it is used by the Prefectural police for the officer in command of a smaller police station. It is equivalent to the Japanese army rank of lieutenant colonel . Superintendent general and superintendent are, respectively, the ranks of the commander and deputy commanders of

689-493: Is a lower rank. In Australia, the rank of superintendent is the next senior rank from chief Inspector and is less senior than a chief superintendent ( Victoria Police , South Australia Police , New South Wales Police , Queensland Police ) or an assistant commissioner ( Western Australia Police ). Some officers also hold the rank of detective chief superintendent (though this is seldom used) and detective superintendent. Superintendents wear an epaulette bearing one pip below

742-691: Is equivalent to DPO [or CPO (City Police Officer) in smaller districts] and can be a CSP recruit belonging to PSP (Police Service of Pakistan) and can also be a ranker. In the Royal Papua New Guinea Constabulary , the rank of superintendent is above chief inspector and below chief superintendent . In the Philippines , superintendent is a rank in the Philippine National Police , the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology , and

795-529: Is instead the title used to describe a position with responsibilities that would be given in other police departments to bureau or division chiefs, with examples being the Cambridge Police Department , Boston Police Department and Dayton, Ohio Police Department. Auxiliary Fire Service The Auxiliary Fire Service ( AFS ) was first formed in 1938 in Great Britain as part of

848-550: The Bureau of Fire Protection . It is above chief inspector and below senior superintendent and is regarded as the equivalent of lieutenant colonel in the Philippine Army . In Portugal , superintendent ( Portuguese : superintendente ) is an officer rank in the Public Security Police (PSP) . It is senior to the police rank of intendant and inferior to the rank of chief superintendent, being roughly equivalent to

901-665: The Civil Defence Service . Its role was to supplement the work of brigades at local level. The Auxiliary Fire Service and the local brigades were superseded in August 1941 by the National Fire Service . After the war the AFS was reformed alongside the Civil Defence Corps , forming part of the UK's planned emergency response to a nuclear attack. It was disbanded in the UK in 1968. Members of

954-496: The Public Security Police (CPSP) of Macau. The rank of superintendent is senior to the rank of intendent. The CPSP rank insignia follows the generic model of the Portuguese Public Security Police, with the insignia of senior officers consisting of epaulets that contain two crossed horsewhips inside a laurel wreath and PSP stars (six-point silver star with the "SP" monogram in the center) whose number defines

1007-558: The Republic of Ireland the rank of superintendent is between inspector and chief superintendent . There are usually two or three assigned to each division. Detectives use the "detective" prefix. There were 178 superintendents in the Garda Síochána at the beginning of 2006. In the Irish language , a Garda superintendent is a ceannfort , which translates literally as "headman". Ard-Cheannfort

1060-517: The Union of South Africa as the rank of the head of the South African Railways & Harbours Police in 1944. It was equivalent to the military rank of colonel, with the same rank insignia. From 1946, there were three grades: chief superintendent (brigadier), deputy chief superintendent (colonel), and superintendent (lieutenant-colonel). The police titles were replaced by the military titles in

1113-566: The "SP" monogram in the center. In Singapore, the rank is used in both the Singapore Police Force (SPF) and the Immigration and Checkpoints Authority (ICA) as both use the same rank structure. In the SPF, there are three tiers of superintendent: assistant superintendent of police (ASP); deputy superintendent of police (DSP); and superintendent of police (SUPT). These three ranks fall under

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1166-436: The "strain caused by war work." He was succeeded by Alfred Beesley, a former Scotland Yard detective. Beesley was hugely unpopular with the Police Watch Committee and his subordinates. He stubbornly refused to wear uniform, whether in the execution of his duty, at court or at official functions, and was incredibly difficult to get on with. In 1941, Beesley was reported to the Police Watch Committee by one of his own Sergeants for

1219-522: The 1960s. The title was reinstated for the South African Police Service in 1995. There were two grades: senior superintendent (equivalent to colonel) and superintendent (lieutenant-colonel). The police titles were replaced by the military titles in 2010. In Sri Lanka , superintendent of police (SP) is a senior gazetted officer rank senior to assistant superintendent of police and junior to senior superintendent of police . The latter

1272-519: The AFS were unpaid part-time volunteers, but could be called up for whole-time paid service if necessary. This was very similar to the wartime establishment of the police Special Constabulary . Men and women could join, the latter mainly in an administrative role. A first-hand account of the type of work they undertook is given by A S Bullock in Gloucestershire Between the Wars: A Memoir . An AFS

1325-500: The British system: In India , a superintendent of police (SP) heads the police force of a police district or is in charge of a rural area in a district. Their rank badge is the state emblem one star. The rank below it is additional superintendent of police (Addl.SP) or deputy superintendent of police (Dy.SP), while the rank above it is senior superintendent of police (SSP). In the state of Kerala , superintendents of police in charge of districts are called District Police Chiefs. In

1378-640: The Land Rover and Austin Gipsy, field telephone equipment, fire fighting vehicles, pipe, water and foam carriers, as well as breakdown trucks and stores and catering. The AFS equipment was painted in British Standard 381C colour Deep Bronze Green, and carried large AFS door transfers. Each fire station typically had an AFS division, and so AFS crews frequently attended fires and accidents alongside their regular colleagues. They provided significant assistance at some of

1431-477: The Ministry of Supply, the AFS equipment was civilian registered and not military registered. When the AFS was disbanded in 1968, the 4×2 Green Goddess units were auctioned, but the 4×4 version and Land Rovers and Austin Gipsys were mothballed against some future emergency. Local authority fire brigades could borrow Home Office vehicles to meet exceptional needs, and 500 Green Goddesses were brought out of retirement during

1484-463: The Watch Committee intervened and reinstated him. In 1935, Police Constable Eric Morgan was, although unknown at the time, committing crimes of theft and burglary whilst on duty. This would not come to be realised until 1942 when Morgan was caught and sentenced to nine months in prison. During the trial, Morgan's wife accused thirteen other Folkestone officers of committing similar crimes. This sent

1537-508: The claims and started a personal vendetta against his accuser. Beesley reported the officer for misuse of a police car and for making fraudulent entries in a log book, allegations which were not upheld by the Committee. A short time after, the Sergeant reported Beesley for coming into work drunk, an allegation which was again dismissed because it could not be proven. Beesley dismissed the officer, but

1590-459: The command of a divisional officer. These ranks were not laid down by the government, and some services used different systems. In this job it was hampered severely by the incompatibility of equipment used by these different brigades – most importantly the lack of a standard size of hydrant valve. The Auxiliary Fire Service was reformed in 1948 alongside the Civil Defence Corps , starting initially with old National Fire Service equipment. However

1643-461: The drought of 1976. The government used Army and Royal Navy personnel to man and operate fire appliances during the firemen's strikes, including Home Office equipment brought out of storage. The Fire Service Circular in 1984 showed 1,079 Green Goddess emergency pumps, 142 Land Rovers/Austin Gipsies, 369 trucks and 2,321 lightweight portable hose pumps held in reserve. Although they had been stored all over

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1696-557: The force demoralised at a time when it should have been focusing on the war that raged in the skies above the country. Chief Constable Jenkins led the force from 1941 to 1943 and brought his experience of collaborating with the Auxiliary Fire Service and Home Guard with the Penzance Borough Police to his new command. The county of Kent, including Folkestone, was heavily bombed during the war, with ordnance coming in

1749-616: The form of bombs dropped by the Luftwaffe , artillery shells launched by the Germans from across the English Channel and later the V-1 rocket known as the "doodle-bug." In Crete Road West a POW camp was constructed for captured Italian soldiers; however, these soldiers were said to have had relative freedom and often left the camp and interacted with the townsfolk. At the Town Hall on Rendezvous Street,

1802-493: The precise rank. The number of stars in the insignia of superintendent general and superintendent are, respectively, four and three. The rank insignia of superintendent general and superintendent are also distinguished in being in red epaulets instead of the dark blue of the other ranks. In New Zealand , the rank of superintendent is above inspector and below assistant commissioner . Superintendents are typically appointed as district commanders or directors of service centres, and

1855-491: The rank is also held by the commandant of the Royal New Zealand Police College . In Pakistan , a senior superintendent of police is the head of the district police. Some districts and police divisions are commanded by superintendents of police. The police service of Pakistan now identifies a new hierarchy including DPO (District Police Officer), CCPO (Capital City Police Officer) etc. Superintendent of Police

1908-519: The role of the AFS was to provide mobile fire fighting columns that could be deployed to areas that had suffered a nuclear attack (it being assumed that the local fire fighting capability would most likely have been lost). The old equipment was not suitable for this task, so in the 1950s the AFS was reequipped. This included 1,000 Green Goddess (Bedford RLHZ Self Propelled Pump) fire engines, Land Rovers, motorcycles and support vehicles such as pipe carriers, mobile kitchens, and foam and water carriers. It

1961-733: The senior police officer category. The rank was introduced in 1825, for the head of the Cape Town police. It was discontinued in 1860. It was also used in the short-lived Griqualand Mounted Police from 1873 to 1880 and in the Natal Police from 1894 to 1913, the Transvaal Town Police from 1901 to 1908, the Transvaal Police from 1908 to 1913, and the Orange River Colony Police from 1908 to 1913. The rank reappeared in

2014-442: The whole force into disarray, and Beesley was asked to resign. Despite his insubordination, he was allowed to claim his police pension. The Folkestone Town Council showed no restraint in declaring their relief at Beesley's resignation. As a consequence of the accusations, and Beesley's departure, the Watch Committee required a new Chief Constable to lead the force and chair an inquiry. That man would be Robert Cyril Morton Jenkins , who

2067-492: The worst fires, such as that at Billingsgate Market and at Barking wood yard. AFS personnel were trained in firefighting by their own officers and with assistance from full-time fire officers. Many were trained to the St John Ambulance Higher First Aider Certificate standard – often proving invaluable at major incidents involving injury. The Green Goddesses were used in two forms, initially

2120-515: Was added in each division later in 1954. In most other forces, superintendent lay between inspector and assistant chief constable until well into the 20th century. In many smaller forces, the senior superintendent was also the ACC. Some forces had chief inspectors, and some later acquired chief superintendents, but this was by no means universal. Today, however, every force in the country has all three ranks. A superintendent's starting salary, as of 2021 ,

2173-470: Was another change, when the rank was split into superintendent grade I (current superintendents, chief inspectors commanding sub-divisions and detective chief inspectors commanding divisional CIDs) and superintendent grade II (other current chief inspectors), with a redefined rank of chief inspector being created for senior inspectors . Superintendents grade II wore the crown (the rank badge formerly worn by chief inspectors), with superintendents grade I wearing

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2226-409: Was anticipated there would be some warning of the nuclear attack allowing some regular fire fighting equipment to join the AFS columns which would head to wherever they were required. These were substantial columns comprising many types of vehicles designed to be self-sufficient, so including motorcycles to go ahead and control traffic (e.g. AJS and Matchless), and carry messages, control vehicles such as

2279-486: Was as a mobile pump, and they could combine to provide a pipe relay over great distances when connected using 6-inch (150 mm) hose, supplying 1,000 imp gal/min (4,500 L/min) from one location to another, often the seat of a major fire. An inflatable dam was often used as the source for the relay, usually fed by using several light portable pumps powered by Coventry Climax FWP engines. Water could be drawn from "open water" supplies (rivers, lakes or reservoirs) by

2332-488: Was commanded by a superintendent. The rank below superintendent was originally inspector until the introduction of chief inspector in 1868. Originally, only the commissioners held a higher rank than superintendent (and they were not sworn police officers). In 1839, Captain William Hay was appointed to the new rank of inspecting superintendent, replaced by assistant commissioner in 1856. The rank of district superintendent

2385-534: Was created in the 1980s. Superintendents are typically appointed as regional commanders of police divisions. The rank of superintendent is senior to chief inspector and junior to chief superintendent . The rank badge is a crown worn on the epaulettes , the same as a major in the British Army . The rank of superintendent was introduced at the foundation of the Metropolitan Police in 1829. Each division

2438-597: Was declared deceased. In 1857 the Folkestone Police Watch Committee made an application to the London Metropolitan Police for the appointment of a police detective to the ranks. This would be William Martin, who succeeded Steer as chief officer in July 1857. Martin led the force until 1872 when he died after a short illness, and was succeeded by John Moulden Wilshire, another London officer. Wilshire

2491-494: Was drafted in from Penzance . Jenkins' investigation was assisted by two officers from Scotland Yard, and at its conclusion five constables made written statements admitting their involvement and were dismissed. These were A.H. Nicholls, D.L. Langford, C.H. Woodgate, T. Osborne and H.J. Crowhurst. A Sergeant denied his involvement but was found unfit to perform his duty and asked to resign. Other accused officers remained in their posts in light of insufficient evidence. The scandal left

2544-550: Was formed in every county borough , borough and urban district , and there was also one in the London County Council area. Each AFS was commanded by a commandant , with deputy and assistant commandants in the larger services. The services operated their own fire stations , each commanded by a section officer, and station areas were divided into fire beats, each under the command of a patrol officer. Services with five or more stations divided them into divisions, each under

2597-781: Was introduced between superintendent and assistant commissioner in 1869, and was renamed chief constable in 1886. The rank of superintendent was also adopted in the Detective Branch (later the Criminal Investigation Department ) from 1868, when Adolphus Williamson , the first head of the branch, was promoted to the rank. In 1949, Metropolitan Police superintendents were regraded to the new rank of chief superintendent, chief inspectors were regraded to superintendent, and sub-divisional inspectors and divisional detective inspectors were regraded to chief inspector (with those ranks being abolished). In September 1953, there

2650-558: Was killed by an upturned horse-drawn carriage which had been in collision with a motor vehicle. Mr Reeve did not see the force's large contingent of Special Constables as useful, and in 1911 pressed the Home Office for additional recruitment of permanent police officers. As a consequence of the war, Folkestone employed its first women constables in 1914 to perform extraneous duties on the Folkestone coast. The decision to employ women officers

2703-493: Was not popular with the Police Watch Committee, who thought the move to have been "unnecessary," however the Borough Council supported Mr Reeve's initiative and overturned attempts by the Police Watch Committee to dismiss them. In 1916 Folkestone became overwhelmed by the influx of French and Belgian refugees displaced by the war. In 1922, Harry Reeve was forced to retire owing to ill health, with reports he had become sick from

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2756-512: Was not upheld. Folkestone Borough Police was merged with the Kent County Constabulary in 1943, as a temporary measure to reduce the number of police forces the military had to deal with. By 1946 though the government had abolished borough forces and Folkestone never regained its autonomy. Chief Constable Jenkins was made Assistant Chief Constable of Kent County Constabulary. Superintendent (police) Superintendent ( Supt )

2809-423: Was thought to have been an alcoholic, and died in 1880 aged only 39. His successor was Samuel Rutter, and later, John Taylor from 1883. In 1899 the head of the force was renamed Chief Constable . In 1900 Inspector Harry Reeve was appointed Chief Constable. The force's numbers began to grow, forcing their council counterparts at the Town Hall to seek an alternative base of operation. In 1908, Constable Frederick Nash

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