56-459: Fogo Island may refer to: Fogo Island (Newfoundland and Labrador) , the largest of Newfoundland's offshore islands, in Canada Fogo Island, Newfoundland and Labrador , a settlement on the island Fogo, Cape Verde See also [ edit ] Fire Island (disambiguation) Isla del Fuego [REDACTED] Topics referred to by
112-545: A historic site commenced in 2002. In 1967, the island played a key role in the development of what came to be known as the "Fogo Process," a model for community media as a tool for addressing community concerns, when an Extension field worker from Memorial University, Fred Earle, and Colin Low shot 27 films with Fogo Islanders as part of the National Film Board of Canada 's Challenge for Change program. Residents defeated
168-504: A six-hour round trip by ferry, weather permitting. This follows economic problems and population decrease in Newfoundland and Labrador following the 1990s collapse in the cod fishery. Fogo Island has a marine-based subarctic climate ( Dfc ) bordering on a cold humid continental climate (Dfb) with cooler summers than inland areas of Newfoundland as well as milder winters than areas on the same parallels in interior Canada. However, due to
224-631: A wide range of visitors interested in its history, local wildlife and other attractions. It has seven hiking trails, such as Lion's Den, Brimstone Head, Turpin's and Joe Batt's Point Trail. It also has ten Town-owned local museums and heritage properties, including the Marine Interpretation Centre, the Lane House Museum, and the Bleak House Museum. There are also museums run by local individuals, including Mona's Quilts & Jams and
280-525: Is a National Cultural Landscape District of Canada and is Newfoundland and Labrador's first Provincial Heritage District. Tilting is unique for its Irish culture and, some people say, its Irish dialect. The Irish Cemetery in Tilting may be the oldest in North America. Local oral history indicates that Tilting was originally a French harbour before becoming a venue of Irish settlement. This is highly likely, given
336-409: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Fogo Island (Newfoundland and Labrador) Fogo Island ( Fogo , Portuguese for "Fire") is the largest of the offshore islands of Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada. The Town of Fogo Island encompasses Fogo , Joe Batt's Arm-Barr'd Islands-Shoal Bay , Seldom-Little Seldom and Tilting , with
392-582: Is much warmer than spring, and as such the coldest and warmest months are February and August, respectively. Fogo Island was once called Y del Fogo, meaning Isle of Fire. There are a number of theories for the name: Fogo Island is connected to mainland Newfoundland by the ferry MV Veteran , and is served by the Fogo Aerodrome airport. The primary roads on the island are Route 333 (Fogo Island Road) and Route 334 (Joe Batt’s Arm Road) , as well as Deep Bay Road and Island Harbour Road. The island attracts
448-608: The 1720 Treaty of The Hague . The treaty's territorial provisions did not go as far as the Whigs in Britain would have liked, considering that the French had made overtures for peace in 1706 and again in 1709. The Whigs considered themselves the heirs of the staunch anti-French policies of William III of England and the John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough . The Whigs were now a minority in
504-451: The 2011 census , and 2,244 in the 2016 census . Though migratory French fishermen visited Fogo Island from the early 16th century until 1718, the first permanent settlement of the island took place in the 18th century. Fogo Harbour and Tilting Harbour were the first settlements on the island. The English and Irish descendants of the first inhabitants retained traces of their Elizabethan English and Old Irish dialects, which can be heard on
560-625: The Dutch Republic , helped end the war. The treaties were concluded between the representatives of Louis XIV of France and of his grandson Philip on one hand, and representatives of Queen Anne of Great Britain , King Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia , King John V of Portugal and the United Provinces of the Netherlands on the other. Though the king of France ensured the Spanish crown for his dynasty,
616-805: The Kingdom of Naples , Sardinia , and the bulk of the Duchy of Milan went to Emperor Charles VI . In South America, Spain returned Colónia do Sacramento in modern Uruguay to Portugal and recognised Portuguese sovereignty over the lands between the Amazon and Oyapock rivers, now in Brazil . In North America, France recognised British suzerainty over the Iroquois , and ceded Nova Scotia and its claims to Newfoundland and territories in Rupert's Land . The French portion of Saint Kitts in
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#1732875785620672-779: The Ottoman Empire . Even after paying expenses associated with the Dutch Barrier , increased tax revenues from the Austrian Netherlands funded a significant upgrade of the Austrian military. However, these gains were diminished by various factors, chiefly the disruption of the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 caused by Charles disinheriting his nieces in favour of his daughter Maria Theresa . Attempts to ensure its succession involved Austria in wars of little strategic value; much of
728-559: The Smallwood government's plans to resettle elsewhere Fogo Islanders in the 1950s but by 1967 a downturn in the inshore fishery had forced many to turn to welfare support. The northern cod fishery closed in 1992. While the island did recover from the downturn (in part owing to the Fogo Process), the depleted state of the fishery adversely affected islanders. In the 2006 Census there were eleven communities on Fogo Island: On March 1, 2011,
784-545: The West Indies was also ceded in its entirety to Britain. France retained its other pre-war North American possessions, including Cape Breton Island , where it built the Fortress of Louisbourg , then the most expensive military installation in North America. The successful French Rhineland campaign of 1713 finally induced Charles to sign the 1714 treaties of Rastatt and Baden , although terms were not agreed with Spain until
840-566: The Allied offer of 1709 had been, it gained little that had not already been achieved through diplomacy by February 1701. Though France remained a great power, concern at its relative decline in military and economic terms compared to Britain was an underlying cause of the War of the Austrian Succession in 1740. The British historian G. M. Trevelyan has argued that: That Treaty, which ushered in
896-662: The Allies during the war, Spain only agreed to grant an amnesty, thus implying the imposition of the laws and institutions of Castile to the Principality of Catalonia , as it already happened in 1707 to the other occupied kingdoms of the Crown of Aragon. Spanish territories in Italy and Flanders were divided, with Savoy receiving Sicily and parts of the Duchy of Milan . The former Spanish Netherlands ,
952-657: The Americas . The Asiento de Negros had come about due to the fact that the Spanish Empire rarely engaged in the transatlantic slave trade itself, preferring to outsource this to foreign merchants. Bourbon France had previously held the Asiento de Negros , allowing French slave traders to supply 5,000 slaves to the Spanish Empire each year; France had gained control over this contract after Philip V had become King of Spain. After
1008-617: The Balance of Power , it was widely publicised in Britain by author and Tory satirist Daniel Defoe in his 1709 article A Review of the Affairs of France . The idea was reflected in the wording of the treaties and resurfaced after the defeat of Napoleon in the 1815 Concert of Europe that dominated Europe in the 19th century. For the individual signatories, Britain established naval superiority over its competitors, commercial access to Spain and America, and control of Menorca and Gibraltar; it retains
1064-489: The Bourbon candidate as Philip V of Spain to remain as king. In return, Philip renounced the French throne, both for himself and his descendants, with reciprocal renunciations by French Bourbons to the Spanish throne, including Louis XIV's nephew Philippe of Orléans . These became increasingly important after a series of deaths between 1712 and 1714 left the five year old Louis XV as his great-grandfather's heir. Great Britain
1120-776: The British commander, the Duke of Ormonde , to withdraw from the Allied forces before the Battle of Denain (informing the French but not the Allies), and the fact that they secretly arrived at separate peace with France was a fait accompli , made the objections of the Allies pointless. In any case, the Dutch achieved their condominium in the Austrian Netherlands with the Austro-Dutch Barrier Treaty of 1715. The Treaty stipulated that "because of
1176-521: The British government gained access to the Asiento de Negros , the economic prominence held by Dutch Sephardic Jewish slaveowners began to fade, while the South Sea Company was established in hopes of gaining exclusive access to the contract. The British government sought to reduce its debt by increasing the volume of trade it had with Spain, which required gaining access to the Asiento de Negros ; as historian G.M. Trevelyan noted: "The finances of
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#17328757856201232-595: The Fishermen's Union stores still stands at Seldom-Come-By on Fogo Island, now open as a museum complete with general store, port installations, fishing implements and equipment for the manufacture of cod-liver oil . Today, the Fogo Island Cooperative continues to successfully stake footholds in new fish markets. Communities began recognising the appeal of their land and heritage as cultural tourism opportunities. Crab and lobster fisheries have largely replaced
1288-964: The Museum of the Flat Earth . Fogo Island Arts (launched in 2008) provides a platform for contemporary art on the island, via a series of residencies hosted at different studios around Fogo. The community of Fogo in Fogo Island is home to the Brimstone Head Folk Festival, hosted by the Fogo Island Folk Alliance. This event attracts people from all over every year in early August. Performers consist of many bands which have included The Masterless Men, The Irish Descendants, Middle Tickle, The Fogo Island Accordion Group, Shores of Newfoundland, The Affections and many other local performers such as Aaron Brown, Sally Payne and Jason Hoven. Brimstone Head
1344-621: The administration of Robert Harley (created Earl of Oxford and Mortimer on 23 May 1711) and the Viscount Bolingbroke proved more flexible at the bargaining table and were characterized by the Whigs as "pro-French"; Oxford and Bolingbroke persuaded the Queen to create twelve new "Tory peers" to ensure ratification of the treaty in the House of Lords . The opponents of the treaty tried to rally support under
1400-696: The area. They also travelled out to the Funk Islands to collect feathers and eggs from the birds there. In the early years of European settlement at Fogo, there were incidents of violence between the Beothuk and the Europeans. This contact ended around the year 1800. The Beothuk became extinct as a people in the late 1820s. Fogo Island first attracted Europeans because of the extensive opportunities for commodity harvesting, including seal skins and oil, lumber, fur-bearing animals, salmon and of course cod. Over time, settlers on
1456-462: The cod fishery; a fish-packing plant remains in operation in the town of Fogo. A Marconi radio transmitting station was once operational atop a hill near the town of Fogo; operating with a spark-gap transmitter to establish maritime communications, the station was forced to close around the time that radio became common for household use as the spark-gap design generated unacceptable levels of radio interference . Efforts to rebuild this station as
1512-539: The country were based in May 1711 on the assumption that the Asiento, or monopoly of the slave trade with Spanish America, would be wrested from France as an integral part of the terms of peace". Following the passage of the treaty, the British government gained a thirty-year access to the Asiento de Negros . The importance placed by British negotiators on commercial interests was demonstrated by their demand for France to "level
1568-611: The fighting in the 1733–1735 War of the Polish Succession taking place in its maritime provinces in Italy. Austria had traditionally relied on naval support from the Dutch, whose own capability had been severely degraded; Britain prevented the loss of Sicily and Naples in 1718 but refused to do so again in 1734. The dispute continued to loosen Habsburg control over the Empire; Bavaria, Hanover, Prussia and Saxony increasingly acted as independent powers and in 1742, Charles of Bavaria became
1624-553: The first non-Habsburg Emperor in over 300 years. The Dutch Republic ended the war effectively bankrupt, while the damage suffered by the Dutch merchant navy permanently affected their commercial and political strength and it was superseded by Britain as the pre-eminent European mercantile power. The acquisition of the Barrier Fortresses however became an important asset of Dutch foreign policy and enlarged their sphere of influence. Although judged favourably by contemporaries, it
1680-570: The fortifications of Dunkirk , block up the port and demolish the sluices that scour the harbour, [which] shall never be reconstructed". This was because Dunkirk was the primary base for French privateers , as it was possible to reach the North Sea in a single tide and escape British patrols in the English Channel. Under Article XIII and, despite the British demands to preserve Catalan constitutions and rights in return for Catalonia's support for
1736-420: The great danger which threatened the liberty and safety of all Europe, from the too close conjunction of the kingdoms of Spain and France, ... one and the same person should never become King of both kingdoms". Some historians argue this makes it a significant milestone in the evolution of the modern nation state and concept of a balance of power . First mentioned in 1701 by Charles Davenant in his Essays on
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1792-489: The guarantees to be given by France and Spain that their crowns would be kept separate, and little progress was made until 10 July 1712, when Philip signed a renunciation. With Great Britain, France and Spain having agreed to a "suspension of arms" (armistice) covering Spain on 19 August in Paris, the pace of negotiation quickened. The first treaty signed at Utrecht was the truce between France and Portugal on 7 November, followed by
1848-549: The house, but still pushing their anti-peace agenda. The whigs opposed peace every step of the way. The Whigs even called the treaty a sellout for letting the duke of Anjou stay on the Spanish throne. However, in the Parliament of 1710 the Tories had gained control of the House of Commons , and they wished for an end to Great Britain's participation in a European war. Queen Anne and her advisors had also come to agree. The party in
1904-444: The island concentrated on processing dried cod, mainly because that was the product that most interested the merchants who dealt in the region of Fogo. From about 1850 until the widespread depletion of fish stocks in the 1990s, cod was king. In recent years, the economy of the island has seen diversification away from solely fishing to tourism and cultural industries. Fishing has always been a hard life. Before Confederation with Canada,
1960-430: The island today. The island has many ancient folk customs brought from England and Ireland, but they are disappearing. Fogo Island is one of the oldest named features on the coast of Newfoundland. The Bertius map from 1606 shows Fogo Island as one of only about a dozen important features around the coast of Newfoundland. On French maps of the 16th to 18th centuries, the island is referred to as Ile des Fougues . The island
2016-593: The latter territory to this day. France accepted the Protestant succession on the British throne, ensuring a smooth transition when Anne died in August 1714, and ended its support for the Stuarts under the 1716 Anglo-French Treaty . While the war left all participants with unprecedented levels of government debt, only Great Britain successfully financed it. Spain retained the majority of its Empire and recovered remarkably quickly;
2072-512: The mercantile classes of St John's, Newfoundland became rich by holding a near-monopoly stranglehold on both the supply of goods to the Newfoundland outports and on the sale of fish from them. In the early 20th century, the Fisherman's Protective Union was formed in an attempt to break this stranglehold. It was a form of co-operative with general stores owned by fishermen for fishermen. One of
2128-474: The next year, for the peace treaty between Spain and the Netherlands was only signed on 26 June 1714 and that between Spain and Portugal on 6 February 1715. Several other treaties came out of the congress of Utrecht. France signed treaties of commerce and navigation with Great Britain and the Dutch Republic (11 April 1713). Great Britain signed a like treaty with Spain (9 December 1713). The Peace confirmed
2184-552: The novel Blaze Island by Catherine Bush . [REDACTED] Media related to Fogo Island at Wikimedia Commons 49°39′49″N 54°10′13″W / 49.66361°N 54.17028°W / 49.66361; -54.17028 Treaty of Utrecht The Peace of Utrecht was a series of peace treaties signed by the belligerents in the War of the Spanish Succession , in the Dutch city of Utrecht between April 1713 and February 1715. The war involved three contenders for
2240-580: The preliminaries of peace had been signed in London . The preliminaries were based on a tacit acceptance of the partition of Spain's European possessions. Following this, the Congress of Utrecht opened on 29 January 1712, with the British representatives being John Robinson , Bishop of Bristol , and Thomas Wentworth, Lord Strafford . Reluctantly the United Provinces accepted the preliminaries and sent representatives, but Emperor Charles VI refused to do so until he
2296-591: The recapture of Naples and Sicily in 1718 was only prevented by British naval power and a second attempt was successful in 1734. The 1707, 1715 and 1716 Nueva Planta decrees abolished regional political structures in the kingdoms of Aragon , Valencia , Majorca and the Principality of Catalonia , although Catalonia and Aragon retained some of these rights until 1767. Despite failure in Spain, Austria secured its position in Italy and Hungary, allowing it to continue expansion into areas of South-East Europe previously held by
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2352-428: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fogo_Island&oldid=880435409 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
2408-641: The slogan of No Peace Without Spain . Although the fate of the Spanish Netherlands in particular was of interest to the United Provinces, Dutch influence on the outcome of the negotiations was fairly insignificant, even though the talks were held on their territory. The French negotiator Melchior de Polignac taunted the Dutch with the scathing remark de vous, chez vous, sans vous , meaning that negotiations would be held "about you, around you, without you". The fact that Bolingbroke had secretly ordered
2464-510: The stable and characteristic period of Eighteenth-Century civilization, marked the end of danger to Europe from the old French monarchy, and it marked a change of no less significance to the world at large, – the maritime, commercial and financial supremacy of Great Britain. The British academic Brendan Simms argues that: Britain had shaped Europe in her interests at the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. It soon became clear, however, that she had designed
2520-563: The towns of Fogo , Joe Batt's Arm-Barr'd Islands-Shoal Bay , Seldom-Little Seldom and Tilting and the Fogo Island Region ( Stag Harbour , Island Harbour , Deep Bay , and Fogo Island Central ) amalgamated to form the Town of Fogo Island . From 1792 there was always a physician on the island. The last physician was due to leave the island in June 2022; medical care then only being available via
2576-418: The traditional commercial and cultural links between southern Irish and northern French fishing ports. The first Irish settled in Tilting in the 1750s, and uniquely for Newfoundland, Tilting evolved into an exclusively Irish and Catholic town by the 1780s. Beothuk traversed Fogo Island for many hundreds of years before Irish and English settlers arrived. The Beothuk pursued the seal and salmon fisheries in
2632-630: The treaties marked the end of French ambitions of hegemony in Europe expressed in the continuous wars of Louis XIV, and paved the way to the European system based on the balance of power in international relations . On 2 January 1710, King Louis XIV of France agreed to commence peace negotiations in Geertruidenberg [ es ] . France and Great Britain had come to terms in October 1711, when
2688-552: The truce between France and Savoy on 14 March 1713. That same day, Spain, Great Britain, France and the Empire agreed to the evacuation of Catalonia and an armistice in Italy . The main treaties of peace followed on 11 April 1713. These were five separate treaties between France and Great Britain, the Dutch Republic , Savoy , Prussia and Portugal . Spain under Philip V signed separate peace treaties with Savoy and Great Britain at Utrecht on 13 July. Negotiations at Utrecht dragged on into
2744-404: The unincorporated areas of Fogo Island. It lies off the northeast coast of Newfoundland , northwest of Musgrave Harbour across Hamilton Sound , just east of the Change Islands . The island is about 25 km (16 mi) long and 14 km (8.7 mi) wide. The total area is 237.71 km (91.78 sq mi). The island had a population of 2,706 people in the 2006 census , 2,395 in
2800-519: The vacant throne of Spain, and involved much of Europe for over a decade. Essentially, the treaties allowed Philip V (grandson of King Louis XIV of France) to keep the Spanish throne in return for permanently renouncing his claim to the French throne, along with other necessary guarantees that would ensure that France and Spain should not merge, thus preserving the balance of power in Europe. The treaties between several European states, including Spain , Great Britain , France , Portugal , Savoy and
2856-420: The very cool characteristics of summer months, Fogo Island in many ways resembles the subarctic range. The fourth warmest month of June just straddles 10 °C (50 °F) in mean temperature. As typical of Newfoundland and its surroundings precipitation is high and consistent year-round, which results in more than 3.5 m (11 ft) of snowfall on average in winter. Due to the extreme seasonal lag autumn
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#17328757856202912-399: Was assured that the preliminaries were not binding. This assurance was given, and so in February the Imperial representatives made their appearance. As Philip was not yet recognized as its king, Spain did not at first send plenipotentiaries, but the Duke of Savoy sent one, and the Kingdom of Portugal was represented by Luís da Cunha . One of the first questions discussed was the nature of
2968-432: Was later argued that the barrier proved to be largely illusory when put to the test during the War of Austrian Succession . The Dutch had in any case successfully defended their positions in the Southern Netherlands and their troops were central in the alliance which halted French territorial expansion in Europe until a new cycle began in 1792 . While the final settlement at Utrecht was far more favourable to France than
3024-510: Was likely named by Portuguese explorers and early fishing crews in the 16th century ( Fogo means Fire in Portuguese ). Until 1783, Fogo Island was on an area of the coast called the French Shore. Though English and Irish were not supposed to settle here, under the terms of the Treaty of Utrecht , they did settle; by 1750, Fogo was a thriving part of the British mercantile system of fisheries, based out of West Country English towns such as Poole , in Dorset . Tilting Harbour on Fogo Island
3080-456: Was the main beneficiary; Utrecht marked the point at which it became the primary European commercial power. In Article X, Spain ceded the strategic ports of Gibraltar and Menorca . In a major coup for the British delegation, the British government emerged from the treaty with the Asiento de Negros , which referred to the monopoly contract granted by the Spanish government to other European nations to supply slaves to Spain's colonies in
3136-446: Was touted as one of the four corners of the world by the tongue-in-cheek Flat Earth Society of Canada (not related to the Flat Earth Society ). Along with the Brimstone Head Folk Festival, other communities have festivals as well. Joe Batt's Arm hosts the Ethridge's Point Seaside Fest, which usually takes place during the first weekend in August, the weekend before the Brimstone Head festival. Fogo Island appears in fictional form in
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