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67-522: Florentino Torres High School , commonly known as Torres High School ( FTHS ), is located in Juan Luna St, Gagalangin, Tondo , Manila , Philippines . It is one of the oldest public schools in Metro Manila . Founded by James T. Burns in 1925, Florentino Torres High School was originally named Legarda High School. With only three teachers, Burns opened the school to students who were refused admission by

134-578: A Sanshin workshop and the Kaisha Caravan. Student organizations, affectionately referred to as "orgs" by students, include various special interest clubs that conduct activities for the welfare and development of students: Headed by the Supreme Student Government , each club or organization serves as a certain subject area's Office for Student Affairs. They initiate activities such as student-led projects. Tondo, Manila Tondo

201-689: A 1,500-square-meter lot at Vitas Skate Park. 14°37′01″N 120°58′01″E  /  14.617°N 120.967°E  / 14.617; 120.967 Student council The student council helps share ideas, interests, and concerns with teachers and institute administrative authorities. It also helps raise funds for school-wide activities, including social events, community projects, helping people in need and school reform . Most schools participate in food drives, fundraisers and parties. Many members learn skills that were an extension of their formal education. Student councils operate in many forms. There are representative-based and modeled loosely after

268-464: A body to advocate for student issues like tuitions. Secondary high schools, lukio , and vocational schools in Finland have student councils. They incorporate all the students of the institution, but their status is marginal, locally and nationally. Legislation demands that they should be heard in all matters pertaining to the education in the institution, but this is often not done. Student representation

335-454: A class stay together as a cohesive set in the same homeroom for most of the day. Each class has one or more elected representatives who reports to student council. The student council consists of members who are elected by the student body. The council is often responsible for organizing events such as the culture festival , sports day , and class field trips. In Malaysia public secondary schools student councils are usually run and managed by

402-404: A committee of their own to manage different aspects of the school. Those not part of the high committee are then given roles and positions based on their merit and skills to form different committees to oversee different aspects of the school such as club activities, moral enforcement, school events or even paperwork management. While a prefect's main job is to enforce discipline and be the eyes of

469-639: A house system). There are some regional networks between the representative bodies. Furthermore, in England, some Student Councils maintain quite a hierarchical structure: the Representatives at the bottom, followed by the Secretary, Treasurer, Vice-chairman and chairman. This latter position is arguably the most important as it is down to this one person to run and organise the council, ensure relevant topics are discussed and—when necessary—remove members. In Wales ,

536-644: A legal document that is the earliest document in the Philippines, written in Kawi script now housed in the National Museum of Anthropology . According to this document, Tondo was ruled by an unnamed person who held the Sanskrit title of senapati or the equivalent of an admiral. Tondo also had influence all the way to the modern-day province of Bulacan particularly around Lihan ( Malolos ) and Gatbuca ( Calumpit ). Tondo

603-484: A national project on school trips, delegations Youth representatives youth, are invited by high officials, ministers and even the president and officials from foreign countries. Israel's national student and youth council is the first youth council in the world that made student rights legislation. In 2006 graduates of the Israel's national student and youth council founded an association named Bematana. The association's mission

670-408: A president, a vice-president, a secretary and 12 equal voting members. Additionally, all classes have a separate student council which consists of 5 members: a president, a secretary, a treasurer and 2 equal voting members. By law, every school should elect these councils around when a month has passed since the start of the school year. The 5-member councils for each class are elected first, and about

737-543: A reference to a high ground ("tundok"). On the other hand, French linguist Jean-Paul Potet, supposed that the Aegiceras corniculatum , which at the time was called "tundok" ("tinduk-tindukan" today), was the most likely origin of the name. The region of Tondo has been settled by humans for over 1,100 years. Historically, Tondo already existed in the year 900 AD according to the Laguna Copperplate Inscription ,

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804-575: A school. Student councils can have institutional power as in Spain and Germany, where they serve a political force that mediates between students and educational institutions, or they can be elected or non-elected clubs dedicated to organising fund-raisers and events. Student councils can join larger associations, like in the United States , the National Association of Student Councils . In Canada ,

871-469: A student council. In the case of major changes that affect school life, the student council must agree. According to the student council, every district or larger city has a District student council/City student council. At the municipal level, these councils deal with the school authorities and with the individual institutions, such as school offices, etc. Above this there is a state student representation in each state, where delegates from each district/city of

938-494: A student government is overseen by a sponsor, which is usually a teacher at that particular school. Most junior or middle school student councils have a constitution of some sort and usually do not have a judicial branch. Compared to elementary school councils, junior high and high school councils generally have fewer people. In some schools, a student council representative is assigned to each class. That person passes on requests, ideas and complaints from students in that class to

1005-635: A vice-president, a secretary, and some main members. There is also a "Student council of the Provinces " from among the presidents of the City Student Councils, and the presidents of these councils, who are 9th-grade or high school students, are several boys and girls who are representatives of their Provinces students in the " National Student Parliament ". Each province has between 2 and 4 girl and boy representatives and these representatives are officially and legally responsible for leading and addressing

1072-399: A week later the 15-member school council is elected. As of 2024, these councils don't play a role in school life. Their role is mostly to give suggestions to the school staff about the school and excursions, with no guarantee of them accepting their suggestions. In recent years, the votes of the 15-member councils have been used by students to close a school for a few days because of a dispute

1139-489: A year's worth of training and probation, direct recruitment via recommendations made by either teachers or senior prefects (usually students who show excel in their studies and activities) or both. Some schools have the best students from each class selected to be prefects. Positions such as head prefect (the equivalent of student president), assistant head prefect, secretary and treasurers are usually elected by students. Some schools have an internal election among prefects or have

1206-475: Is Tondo covers all the territories of the future Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila . Prior to the establishment of Bulacan in 1578, Malolos and Calumpit were also included in the territory of Tondo as its visitas . By the end of the 1700s, Tondo was a populous province of 14,437 native families and 3,528 Spanish Filipino families . In 1800, the Province of Tondo was renamed to Province of Manila. Tondo

1273-474: Is a district located in Manila , Philippines . It is the largest, in terms of area and population, of Manila's sixteen districts, with a census-estimated 654,220 people in 2020. It consists of two congressional districts. It is also the second most densely populated district in the city. The name Tondo can be derived from its Old Tagalog name, Tundun as inscribed in the Laguna Copperplate Inscription of 900 AD,

1340-612: Is elected by universal suffrage of the students. These are organised by regional students councils such as CEUCAT in Catalonia. There is a national students council called CEUNE, which is the interlocutor between the Universities Ministry and the university students. Student Councils (sometimes Student Voice, School Council, Student Parliament, and Student Union) at secondary school level are usually bodies nominated by teachers in state schools (and public and private schools without

1407-541: Is to promote young leaders who are elected as representatives in student and youth councils in Israel. in 2012 the Israel's national student and youth council held the International Youth Leadership Conference under the slogan. "Take The Lead!" Based on alumni associations which were existed as high-level organizations of extracurricular activities, student councils were added to Japanese schools after World War II . In Japanese schools, students in

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1474-820: Is usually to improve their school through encouraging social, cultural and other extracurricular events in the local community. The student councils in Norway are governed by a Board of Directors which is either elected directly or by the student council. In Pakistan , Student Councils are being introduced in many Private and Public Schools. Student council are playing an important role in Pakistani schools. A Student council in Pakistan may be elected, nominated or selected after interview or written examination or both, but can also be based on academic behaviour or discipline. Sometimes council members are elected based on general elections and if

1541-593: Is very important in the German school system. Each state in the Federal Republic of Germany has its own peculiarities in the system, but they are by and large similar. Although education in Germany is a matter for the federal states, there is a Federal student Conference where all state student councils can elect delegates to participate and exchange views on nationwide problems that arise in education. Every school in Germany has

1608-647: The Bangsamoro Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao ). Those who enter as an officer of a higher SSLG Federation level are typically Presidents who won in an election against their colleagues from a smaller subdivision (e.g. School-based Presidents of a Division compete each other to enter the Division-Federation and so forth...). SSLG Federations also have their counterpart, the SELG Federations - only for elementary student governments which follows

1675-546: The Department of Education (Philippines) ; there is also a division-level Federation of SSLG's (a division is typically composed of a component or an independent city or an entire province), a regional federation of SSLG's (composed of all division-level SSLG's that are in a particular region of the Philippines ); and a national federation - called as the "NFSSLG" or the "National Federation of Supreme Secondary Learner Governments" (composed of all regional federation SSLG's except

1742-697: The Minister of Education . Students and officials in Iran attach great importance to choosing a smart person and a very strong leader to represent their school, city, province, and country. Since 1998 in Ireland there has been sustained development of student councils in post primary schools. In 2008 the Irish Second Level Students Union was founded as the National Umbrella body to organise and coordinate

1809-593: The U.S. Congress , or based on the Executive Branch of the United States , with a President, vice-president, secretary, treasurer, and reporter. In this form student representatives and officers are usually elected from and by the student body , although there may be prerequisites for candidacy or suffrage. In elementary schools , there are typically one or two student representatives per classroom and one presiding set of officers. However, many secondary schools have one set of officers per grade level. An example of

1876-573: The 1960s until its closure in the late 1990s. The dumpsite served as a symbol of poverty even at least two decades after its closure. Urbanization as well as the Lina Law which favors squatting over land owners has resulted in Tondo being one of the most densely populated areas in the world at 69,000 inhabitants per square kilometer (180,000/sq mi). Tondo has developed a reputation for criminality and poverty. In 2010, Manila records state that Tondo has

1943-547: The 1987 constitution, Tondo was split into two congressional districts of Manila making the first district to the west while the second district in the east. Tondo hosts the Manila North Harbor Port, the northern half of the Port of Manila , the primary seaport serving Metro Manila and surrounding areas. The area also hosted Smokey Mountain , a landfill which served Metro Manila and employed thousands of people from around

2010-674: The Canadian Student Leadership Association coordinates the national scene, and in the United Kingdom an organization called involver provides training, support and coordination for the nation's student councils In Bulgaria most of the universities have a student council, regulated by law and the regulations of each university. In Canada, the student council is used for helping the school with special events and planning other events. Student councils in Canada also act as

2077-457: The Council at each school depends largely on the class size and school policies. Student councils in Iran mainly promote interpersonal and leadership skills, constructive debates between school officials and the students, and the organization of school activities and field trips. The student council body of the schools, cities, regions, and the national parliament are the same and include a president,

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2144-572: The Malaysian Ministry of Education, the prefects have no power in amending laws. Prefects in Malaysian schools can be identified by their distinctive blue uniform that make them stand out from normal students. Primary schools also have a prefectorial board by on a much smaller scale. All schools in Norway are required by law to have a student council elected by the students. The aim of student council

2211-475: The Philippines are always called as the "Supreme Secondary Learner Government", or "SSLG" in short for all public educational institutions catering to Grades 7 to 12; while, elementary-based student governments catering to Grades 1 to 6 are called "Supreme Elementary Learner Government" or "SELG". Meanwhile, private schools whether nonsectarian or sectarian institutions also have their respective student council; however, they vary from form-to-form from their name to

2278-541: The School Councils (Wales) Regulations 2005 made the establishment of School Councils a statutory requirement on all maintained primary and secondary schools in the country. The regulations also require that Councils meet regularly, that members of the School Council are elected by fellow pupils by means of a secret ballot, and that the School Council can nominate up to two of their number to serve as associate members on

2345-581: The Torresians and teachers to be more persevering and efficient. In addition, many projects were finished under her term, like classrooms and buildings of the Technology and Home Economics department. After Saldana, the next principals who governed FTHS were Dr. Consolacion Domingo (1984), Dr. Florie Balanag (1986-1991), Ms. Adoracion Acuna (1991–1995), Mrs. Norma Escobar (1995–1998), and Mrs. Pilar Pizarro (1998–2001) that were really great principals who brought out

2412-514: The action of Squatting committed by the slums' residents. In the 1970s, the World Bank provided funds to improve conditions in Tondo which led the increase of rent prices and a property boom in the area. These caused the poor Gentrification . The slums that were upgraded were legalized but these areas remain vastly different from other parts of Manila with higher population density, more irregular road and plot patterns, and uncontrolled housing. In

2479-482: The buildings were redeployed as garrisons . During this period, all school records were destroyed. On July 16, 1945, the school re-opened with Pablo Reyes as principal. On November 24, 1945, the first post- Liberation group of 30 students received their diplomas . On October 16, 1953, the school first celebrated its foundation day under Mr. Cesario Bandong as the principal. On the following years, Florentino Torres High School had continued giving quality education to

2546-944: The class schedule of the students, specially in the lower sections. Year 2003, when the FTHS was chosen by the Ayala Foundation in their project "Adopt-a-School Program" wherein the school received free computer equipment. In addition, Dr. Santos gave more excitement and color for the lives of third and fourth year students when he brought back the Juniors-Seniors Promenade. Through the Department of Education 's "Special Program in Foreign Language" (SPFL) and The Japan Foundation , Manila, Florentino Torres High School currently offers Japanese classes for students from all year levels. The program focuses on Japanese language , arts , and culture , while featuring various activities such as

2613-447: The climax of the feast. The Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Manila lists 26 public elementary schools and 11 public high schools in Tondo. The Tondo Campus is a P400-million extension with 48 classrooms, 15 multifunction rooms and a gymnasium . In October 2024, Mayor Honey Lacuna and Felma Carlos-Tria led the time capsule lowering and groundbreaking of Universidad de Manilas 's 10-storey school building in

2680-486: The committees but as normal students. Each classroom also has their own committee consisting of roles such as class monitor, assistant monitor, treasurer and secretary to manage things in their own classes. While prefects enforce the school rules and assist the teachers, they also act as the voice of students when it comes to issues concerning the well-being of students. They essentially have full influence and control over school policies. However, as school laws are created by

2747-416: The decision of the teachers overseeing the student leader body. In Junior Colleges, student councils serve a greater purpose than their younger counterparts. They are given more autonomy in their planning and execution of school events. Most Spanish universities have student councils which are regulated by law. Some of the basic points are the 24% of student representation in the board. Each university council

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2814-490: The earliest native document found within the Philippines. Dutch anthropologist Antoon Postma , the first to translate the copperplate, believes the term tundun originated from the old Indian language Tamil (Thondai naadu-Chola) , which was used alongside Malay as a language of politics and religion in the area at the time. Before this landmark discovery, several theories (however incorrect now) existed. Philippine National Artist Nick Joaquin once suggested that it might be

2881-598: The first Filipino principal, who renamed the four Manila public high schools after the first four Filipino Justices of the Supreme Court : The maiden issue of The Torres Torch , the official school paper, was published in 1930. In 1937, the school formally occupied the Constabulary Barracks in Gagalangin , where it is located today. With the outbreak of World War II in 1941, the school ceased operation, and

2948-472: The function of the student government itself. The SSLG is called formerly called as the "Supreme Student Government" or "SSG" until the issuance of OUOPS No. 2023-03 from the education department which revised some of the student council laws and policies, in addition to the adaptation of the current name known today - the SSLG. Aside from the school-based SSLG's , which is always present in all public schools under

3015-471: The government and is called OSIS (abbreviation of O rganisasi S iswa I ntra S ekolah , Intraschool Organization of Students). OSIS, introduced in 1970, are legally mandated to exist in all junior high schools and senior high schools. Every year, the committee which usually consists of teachers and former student council members hold a selection process to admit students who meet qualifications to join OSIS, while

3082-566: The highest criminal rate in the whole city with the most common crime being pickpocketing . The district celebrates the feast of the Tondo Church annually in January, which is dedicated to the image of the Santo Niño housed within the 16th-century Augustinian Tondo Church . The Lakbayaw Street Dance Festival, a competition among Ati-Atihan groups and school, local and religious groups, served as

3149-501: The national campaign efforts of the student councils. The Union is also a member of OBESSU . Schools and staff are advised to assist the creation of a student council under section 27 of The Education Act 1998 Israel's national student and youth council (Hebrew: מועצת התלמידים והנוער הארצית) is an elected body representing all youth in Israel since 1993. Representatives are elected democratically from district youth councils. (Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, Center, Haifa, Arab sector, South, North and

3216-453: The natives of the province of Pampanga. Institute of National Language commissioner Jose Villa Panganiban also wrote that the dividing line between Kapampangan and Tagalog was the Pasig River, and that Tondo therefore originally spoke Kapampangan . However, Fray Isacio Rodriquez's Historia dela Provincia del Santisimo Nombre de Jesus de Filipinas stated that Provincia de Tagalos which

3283-406: The president is voted by students of the school. In some practices, the teachers can also vote depending on their own regulation. In Iran , each November since 1997, elementary, secondary, and high school students at each school in the nation elect between 5-14 Student Council members, which act as the main medium of communication and debate between the student body and school officials. The size of

3350-405: The problems of students in their Provinces and improving the education system; The members of the "Student Parliament" (also called Student Council) in Iran are elected for a period of 2 years and during this period they have at least 2 official sessions in the main parliament of the country , with the presence of the Minister of Education and can express their demands and suggestions directly with

3417-796: The regional schools). The council comprises youth from the different sectors: religious, secular, Jewish, Arab, Druze and a Bedouin representative. The National Youth Council representatives mediate between Government decision makers and the Youth representatives. They participate in the various "Knesset" (the Israeli parliament) committees: Education, internal Affairs, Violence, Drugs and Science. Youth representatives participate in committees dealing with youth-related issues such as: children's rights, violence, delinquency and youngsters at risk - cut off from mainstream youth. Youth representatives also participate in discussions concerning matriculation examinations, discussing

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3484-460: The respective state come to exchange ideas. This body is granted extensive rights such as a budget of between €40,000 and €70,000 for material costs, but is also obliged to consult with the Ministry of Education when important decisions are made. In Greece , student representation is considered the limestone of democracy. All public secondary schools have a student council which consists of 15 members:

3551-448: The same process as the aforementioned. In Singapore many secondary schools have a student council, which provides a medium for communication between the students and the school administration, a form of student welfare, and an important event-organising body. Some secondary schools name their student council like "Student Leader Board" or "Student Leader Committee", etc. They are usually nominated by peers and subsequently elected based on

3618-463: The school's Board of Governors. In universities, the student council is the apex body of the students and members are elected in systematic votings. In many universities, it also functions as an umbrella parliament for students' unions from different institutes. Associated student body organizations in the United States function often similarly to others. In most educational systems the council

3685-509: The school's prefects, also known as the Prefectorial Board. They act as the representatives between the students and the teachers. Some schools also have the prefects managed by a few groups of select teachers known as disciplinary teachers, or directly under the head teacher of discipline. Depending on each school's individual system, the Prefectorial Board either have open recruitment for any students interested but requiring them to undergo

3752-427: The school, those with roles and positions have to carry out their specific duties while managing their responsibilities as prefects. These committees are headed by the high committee members who also have to manage the students and the school. Sometimes, class monitors (who also act as class reps) take part in discussions and meetings held by prefects to better engage with the students. They may also be included as part of

3819-510: The structure of an elementary student council may include a president, a vice president, secretary, treasurer, sergeant of arms, fundraising officer, historian, boys rep, girls rep, and just members. These roles may be assigned or voted on, either within the student council or by the entire student body. They may also reflect descending grade-levels, with the president in the oldest grade, and so forth. Secondary school governments often have more independence and power than younger governments. Often

3886-413: The student council. In other schools, the elected Class Officers are automatically members of the student council. Student councils usually do not have funding authority and generally must generate their operating funds through fundraisers such as car washes and bake sales. Some student councils have a budget from the school, along with responsibility for funding a variety of student activities within

3953-847: The student population, and are formed by the winning cabinet. A hierarchical structure is maintained, with positions like Secretaries/Coordinators for internal and external affairs, Treasurer, Vice-chairpersons and chairperson. Student councils represent the student body, organise events and provide welfare for students. In India , student councils are rare in elementary and middle schools. They are established in many secondary and higher secondary schools and are most commonly instituted in universities. Student councils in India may be elected, nominated or selected after interview (or written examination or both). In universities, they are elected by ballot. The student councils in Indonesia are officially formed by

4020-487: The students have with the staff (κατάληψη). These councils, and especially the 5-member class councils have mostly educational value on teaching students how to vote, and actual power is none or very limited. On average, a 15-member school council will convene less than five times in a school year, and a 5-member class council less than three. In Hong Kong , some secondary schools have student councils, while some have Students' Unions . Student councils are directly elected by

4087-433: The success and progress of the school. Year 2001, when another principal started his term and was in the person of Dr. Romeo Santos, who brought a lot of changes in the school. Dr. Santos was known for his program "Five Senses Approach" in teaching, and also, his untiring supervision of ongoing classes as part of his effective management of the school. The "Open Gate Policy" was also implemented by Dr. Santos to fully organize

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4154-426: The teacher select a few possible candidates for such roles before letting the students vote. These positions form the high council or high committee. Secretary and treasurers sometimes come with assistants, either appointed by the position holder, the committee or they are voted just like the other members. Some schools will have additional positions such as 'Head of Discipline' or 'Head of Statistics' who themselves have

4221-452: The teacher voted on a good student based on records and grades. Student governments of different schools throughout the Philippines are often directly elected by student body members of the class or organization which they supposedly govern with all positions (President, Vice President, Secretary, etc.) being separately elected, resulting in a wide variety of mixing and matching between different student political parties. Student governments in

4288-538: The three existing public high schools in Manila. In 1926, the school moved to the Sequoia Building at the foot of Pritil Bridge along Juan Luna Street and was renamed Manila West High School. March 1928 marked the first group of students to graduate from the school as well as the initial appearance of various school clubs and organizations. In 1930, several changes took place under the supervision of Marcelino Bautista,

4355-417: The youth of Manila under Dr. Emiliano Rafael (1968–1972), Mr. Alfonso Asuncion (1973), Mr. Rufino dela Cruz (1974–1976) and Dr. Dominador Wingsing (1977). In 1978, the first female principal came, Mrs. Severa Saldana. She started the open-shelf system in the library to give the students the freedom to learn. She was also the one who headed the repairs of the corridor, school offices, media room and canteen, for

4422-633: Was one of the first provinces to declare rebellion against Spain in the year 1896. In 1901, under the American colonial regime, there was a major reorganization of political divisions, and the province of Tondo was dissolved, with its towns given to the provinces of Rizal and Bulacan. Today, Tondo just exists as a district in the City of Manila. Slums developed in Tondo along the Pasig River . Authorities sought to improve housing conditions on these areas without condoning

4489-571: Was ruled by a line of lakan until the Spanish conquest. After the Spaniards conquered Tondo in January 1571 they established the Province of Tondo which covered many territories in Northern Luzon particularly Pampanga, Bulacan and Rizal (formerly called Morong), with the city of Manila as its center. In a census conducted by Miguel de Loarca in 1583, Tondo was reported to have spoken the same language as

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