Florence Rena Sabin (November 9, 1871 – October 3, 1953) was an American medical scientist. She was a pioneer for women in science ; she was the first woman to hold a full professorship at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , the first woman elected to the National Academy of Sciences , and the first woman to head a department at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research . During her years of retirement, she pursued a second career as a public health activist in Colorado, and in 1951 received the Albert Lasker Public Service Award for this work.
31-600: On November 9, 1871, Serena Sabin gave birth to her youngest daughter, Florence Rena Sabin, in Central City, Colorado . Florence's mother was a schoolteacher who later died from puerperal fever (sepsis) in 1878. Her father, George K. Sabin, was a mining engineer living and working on site with his family. Shortly after her mother's death, Florence and her sister (Mary) moved in with their Uncle Albert in Chicago before relocating to Vermont with their paternal grandparents. Uncle Albert
62-605: A few hundred by the 1950s. Casino gambling was introduced in both towns in the early 1990s, but had more success in Black Hawk (which has 18 casinos) than in Central City (which has 6 casinos), partly because the main road to Central City passed through Black Hawk, tempting gamblers to stop in Black Hawk instead. In an effort to compete, Central City completed a four-lane, 8.4-mile (13.5 km) parkway from Interstate 70 to Central City, without going through Black Hawk. The highway
93-498: A future in science during her time at Vermont Academy , Saxtons River, Vermont. Sabin earned her bachelor's degree from Smith College in 1893. For two years she taught high school mathematics in Denver followed by one year of zoology at Smith as a means to finance her first year of graduate school. In 1896, Sabin enrolled at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine as one of fourteen women in her class. The school opened in 1893 and
124-843: A household in the city was $ 30,921, and the median income for a family was $ 31,667. Males had a median income of $ 32,917 versus $ 25,446 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 26,465. About 7.4% of families and 12.3% of the population were below the poverty line , including 8.3% of those under age 18 and 5.2% of those age 65 or over. Central City Public Schools are part of the Gilpin County School District RE-1 . The district has one elementary school and one high school, Gilpin County Elementary School and Gilpin County Undivided High School . The Black Hawk & Central City Tramway, operated by
155-565: A one-year internship with Osler, she won a research fellowship in the Department of Anatomy at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine where she continued to work with Mall. Shortly thereafter, a Fellowship in the Department of Anatomy at Johns Hopkins was created for her. In 1902 she began to teach in the Department of Anatomy at Johns Hopkins. By 1905 she was promoted to associate professor and finally appointed professor of embryology and histology in June 1917,
186-616: A professor from the University of Michigan School of Music. Vivian served in the United States Marines during World War I and became the Jefferson County Attorney in 1922. John Vivian was elected Lieutenant Governor of Colorado in 1938. In 1942, Republican Party officials decided to nominate Vivian for governor instead of incumbent Colorado Governor Ralph Lawrence Carr , who had angered many with his opposition to
217-677: A second and final time, continuing to advocate for public health issues. Sabin's lifetime of service resulted in the building housing University of Colorado ’s department of medicine being named the Florence R. Sabin Building for Research in Cellular Biology. Sabin died of a heart attack on October 3, 1953 (she was 81). She was cremated and her ashes were interred in the Fairmount Mausoleum at Fairmount Cemetery in Denver, Colorado. In 1959,
248-583: A snowstorm prevent her from making it to a speech in support of her cause despite public travel concerns. Beginning with this speech, Sabin worked to have politicians who opposed health reform defeated by those in support of it. These efforts resulted in the passing of a set of laws in her name. The “Sabin Health Laws” modernized public health in Colorado by providing more hospital beds to treat tuberculosis, resulting in significant reductions in cases. In an address to
279-500: A subcommittee on health beginning in 1944. She presented her findings asserting that the state was “backward in regard to public health” in a letter to the Governor in April 1945. Knowing that health care legislation had been voted down consistently in the past due to uninterested politicians, she was relentless in her demand for reform. While she was in her early seventies, Sabin refused to let
310-784: Is now a part of the Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Front Range Urban Corridor . On May 6, 1859, during the Pike's Peak Gold Rush, John H. Gregory found a gold -bearing vein (the Gregory Lode) in Gregory Gulch between Black Hawk and Central City. Within two months many other veins were discovered, including the Bates, Gunnell, Kansas, and Burroughs. By 1860, as many as 10,000 prospectors had flocked to
341-602: Is the county seat and the most populous municipality of Gilpin County. The city population was 779, all in Gilpin County, at the 2020 United States census . The city is a historic mining settlement founded in 1859 during the Pike's Peak Gold Rush and came to be known as the "Richest Square Mile on Earth". Central City and the adjacent city of Black Hawk form the federally designated Central City/Black Hawk Historic District . The city
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#1732877056807372-732: The American Philosophical Society Library in Philadelphia, the medical school of the University of Colorado, Colorado State Historical Society's Division of Museums, Rockefeller Institute , and in the Alan Mason Chesney Papers at Johns Hopkins University. Central City, Colorado Central City is a home rule municipality located in Gilpin and Clear Creek counties , Colorado , United States. Central City
403-503: The Central City district decreased rapidly between 1900 and 1920, as the veins were exhausted. Mining revived in the early 1930s in response to the increase in the price of gold from $ 20 to $ 35 per ounce, but then virtually shut down during World War II when gold mining was declared nonessential to the war effort. The district was enlivened in the 1950s by efforts to locate uranium deposits, but these proved unsuccessful. The population of Central City and its sister city Black Hawk fell to
434-486: The Illinois Statewide Health Committee in 1947, Sabin said that she was chosen as committee chair because the Governor had no interest in public health and appointed “an old lady” because he did not think she would be able to accomplish anything. In 1948 she became manager of health and charities for Denver , donating her salary over the next three years to medical research. In 1951 Sabin retired for
465-471: The cities of Black Hawk and Central City, provides a free shuttle between the two towns. Ramblin Express and Ace Express Coaches provides transportation from Denver . John Charles Vivian John Charles Vivian (June 30, 1887 – February 10, 1964) was an American attorney , journalist , and Republican politician who served as the 30th governor of the state of Colorado from 1943 to 1947. He
496-560: The city was 91.84% White, 0.19% Black or African American, 1.55% Native American, 1.17% Asian, 1.17% Pacific Islander, 2.52% from other races, and 1.55% from two or more races. 9.32% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 261 households, out of which 17.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 26.8% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 61.3% were non-families. 43.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.1% had someone living alone who
527-527: The department of cellular studies at Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in New York City . Her research focused on the lymphatic system , blood vessels and cells, and tuberculosis . In 1925, she was voted into the National Academy of Sciences . She was the first woman to gain membership in this prestigious body and would remain the lone female member for the next 20 years. In 1926, she joined
558-596: The first woman to become a full professor at a medical college. She continued her research on the origins of blood, blood vessels, blood cells, the histology of the brain, and the pathology and immunology of tuberculosis at Hopkins. In 1924, Sabin's work on the origins of blood vessels earned her presidency of the American Association of Anatomists. In 1925, Sabin left Johns Hopkins after completing her research amidst institutional discrimination and her desire to research full time. In September 1925 she became head of
589-441: The obligations of mining overwhelmed him, and his thoughts of a medical career slowly disappeared. But Florence began to secretly harbor her father's dream. In 1885 Florence enrolled at Vermont Academy (and graduated in 1889), where her scientific interests were finally allowed to develop. Throughout her childhood Sabin had intentions of becoming a pianist, however, she was never musically talented, causing her to shift her focus on
620-752: The research committee of the National Tuberculosis Association . The committee's purpose was to consolidate all of the tuberculosis research taking place with the hope of controlling the disease proactively. While here, Sabin devoted her research to immune cells, monocytes in particular, which developed into other cells. Sabin spent her final years at the institute determining the effects imposed by foreign substances and their consequent formation of antibodies. In 1938, Sabin left her position at Rockefeller Institute and moved back to Colorado for retirement. After six years of quiet retirement, Sabin accepted Colorado Governor John Vivian 's request to chair
651-454: The south. At the 2020 United States census , the city had a total area of 1,382 acres (5.5940 km ), including 0.07 acres (0.0003 km ) of water. As of the census of 2000, there were 515 people, 261 households, and 101 families residing in the city. The population density was 273.0 inhabitants per square mile (105.4/km ). There were 394 housing units at an average density of 208.8 per square mile (80.6/km ). The racial makeup of
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#1732877056807682-912: The state of Colorado donated a statue of Sabin to the National Statuary Hall Collection . In 1973, Sabin was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame , In 1985, Sabin was inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame . In 2005, Johns Hopkins University honored Sabin's legacy by naming one of the four colleges of its medical school after her. In the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes Archives, Sabin's collection of papers and medical records from 1903 - 1941 are stored and some even released upon request. The Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College holds many of Dr. Sabin's papers. Other collections are located in
713-611: The town's historic buildings. Tax from the gambling revenue provides funding for the State Historical Fund, administered by the Colorado Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation . Central City is located in southern Gilpin County. The city limits extend south along the Central City Parkway into Clear Creek County, as far as Interstate 70. The city is bordered by Black Hawk to the east and Idaho Springs to
744-525: The town, then known as Mountain City, and surrounding prospects, but most soon left, many returning east. The 1900 census showed 3,114 people. The year 1863 brought the first attempt by hard rock miners to form a hard rock miners' union. Of 125 miners signing a union resolution in Central City, about fifty broke windows and doors at the Bob Tail mine, forcing other workers out. After a night of shooting and fighting,
775-442: The union effort among Central City miners failed. Many Chinese immigrants lived in Central City during the early days working the placer deposits of Gregory Gulch. They were forbidden to work in the underground mines. Most of them are believed to have returned to China after making their stake. The frontier gambler Poker Alice lived for a time in Central City and several other Colorado mining communities. Gold mining in
806-451: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.97 and the average family size was 2.76. In the city, the population was spread out, with 16.5% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 34.0% from 25 to 44, 30.9% from 45 to 64, and 8.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 115.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 115.0 males. The median income for
837-456: Was a tremendous influence on Florence, and from her relationship with him, she developed a love of nature and a keen interest in books and music. The Sabin girls soon moved with their uncle to an old family farm in Vermont. Florence became very interested in the life story of Levi Sabin, an ancestor who had graduated from medical school in 1798. Florence's father had always wanted to be a doctor, but
868-426: Was co-ed from the beginning because of an early donor's contingency which required the admittance of female students. While at Hopkins, Sabin's observational skills and perseverance in the laboratory caught anatomist Franklin P. Mall 's attention. Mall inspired Sabin by helping narrow her focus onto two projects well regarded by scientists and foundational to her future research and consequent legacy. The first project
899-403: Was completed in 2004, but Black Hawk, which prior to the introduction of gambling was much smaller than Central City, continues to generate more than seven times the gambling revenue that Central City does. To compete, Central City has recently eliminated height restrictions for building on undeveloped land. Buildings were previously limited to heights of 53 feet (16 m), so as not to overshadow
930-536: Was the first lieutenant governor of Colorado to be elected governor. John Charles Vivian was born in Golden, Colorado , on June 30, 1887. The Vivian family was very prominent in Republican politics, of Cornish origin. Vivian received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Colorado in 1909 and a Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of Denver School of Law in 1913. Vivian married Maude Charlotte Kleyn,
961-596: Was to produce a three-dimensional model of a newborn baby's brain stem which became the focus of the textbook, An Atlas of the Medulla and Midbrain (1901). The second project involved the embryological development of the lymphatic system which asserted that the lymphatic system is formed from the embryo's blood vessels and not other tissues. Sabin graduated from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in 1900. Upon graduation, Sabin obtained an internship at Johns Hopkins Hospital under physician Sir William Osler . Following