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35-597: Flingern was first mentioned in 1193 as a forested area that was ruled by the Knights Hayc of Flingern. In the 13th and 14th centuries the City of Düsseldorf grew on the grounds of the Knights Hayc von Flingern. By the end of the 14th century the knights lost their influence. Jan Wellem , Elector Palantine, constructed the Flinger Steinweg which was a paved road leading from Düsseldorf through Flingern to Gerresheim . During

70-632: A friendly relation with Leopold I's third and final wife, Countess Palatine Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg , who became, thanks to her protection, the emperor's wife. The dowager empress engaged in politics only when on behalf to her family's interests. In 1669, Eleonora had to resolve the conflict between the Imperial court in Vienna and the Holy See , which arose due to the fact that the Pope didn't appoint any cardinal of

105-621: A monastery. To raise the level of education among girls, in 1663 Eleonora invited the Ursulines to Vienna, where they built a complex that included a monastery, a church and a school. She also established two Orders for women: the Order of Virtuosity (de: Sklavinnen der Tugend ) in 1662 and the Order of the Starry Cross (de: Sternkreuzorden ) in 1668. The last years of Eleonora's life were overshadowed by

140-705: A series of political conflicts between Duke Charles and her daughter-in-law, who ended with the banishment of Margaret of Savoy (Maria's mother) from Mantua. During this time, Eleonora lived in the Church of Sant'Orsola , where she remained with her mother until 1637, when after the death of her grandfather, her older brother became in the new duke of Mantua and Montferrat under the regency of their mother Maria. The princess received an excellent education, being fluent in French , Spanish and Italian , well versed in literature, music and art, and expert in dances and embroidery. Already in

175-572: A society of educated people, encouraged the development of science. After her arrival to Vienna, increased the influence of the Italians, and her native language became in the most used among the German aristocracy. Italian aristocrats and clergy held high positions. The Imperial court was, thanks to her, dominated by Italian fashion. The enormous influence of Italian culture was also noted in the local literature, music, theater, architecture and painting. From

210-932: The 1966 Flood of the Arno River , the bones of Anna Maria Luisa were exhumed. A scientific examination found no traces of syphilis. He was more popular in Jülich - Berg , where he erected impressive buildings such as the Bensberg Castle and led a lavish court which gave work to many artists and artisans, including the court painters Johannes Spilberg , his daughter Adriana , her later husband Eglon van der Neer , Adriaen van der Werff , Jan Frans van Douven , Herman van der Mijn , Jan van Nickelen , his daughter Jacoba Maria van Nickelen , her husband Willem Troost , Anthoni Schoonjans , Rachel Ruysch , Godfried Schalcken , and Jan Weenix with his daughter Maria Weenix . His enormous collection of paintings by Rubens can still be seen in

245-795: The Alte Pinakothek in Munich . His widow Anna Maria Luisa was the last scion of the House of Medici . A patron of the arts, she bequeathed the Medicis’ large art collection, including the contents of the Uffizi , Palazzo Pitti , and the Medicean villas, which she inherited upon the death of her brother Gian Gastone in 1737, and her Palatine treasures to the Tuscan state , on the condition that no part of it could be removed from

280-482: The Industrial Revolution Flingern became an industrial and working class town and to this day it has many old and new factories. Only the old facade remains of the old baths of the early 20th century, which has been converted into a modern wellness center on the inside. An old steel factory was converted to a popular discothèque called Stahlwerk and was one of the early venues playing Techno music in

315-505: The Nine Years' War . He was educated by the Jesuits and in 1674 he made a grand tour to Italy. His brother was Franz Ludwig, Count Palatine of Neuburg , his sisters were married to Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I , Peter II of Portugal , and Charles II of Spain . As a gift to Johann Wilhelm and his new bride, Archduchess Maria Anna Josepha of Austria , Johann Wilhelm's father ceded to them

350-642: The Wittelsbach dynasty was Elector Palatine (1690–1716), Duke of Neuburg (1690–1716), Duke of Jülich and Berg (1679–1716), and Duke of Upper Palatinate and Cham (1707–1714). From 1697 onwards Johann Wilhelm was also Count of Megen . He was the son of Count Palatine Philip William of Neuburg and Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt and was born in Düsseldorf , where he resided, rather than in Heidelberg , which had been largely destroyed by French troops during

385-452: The 1990s. 51°13′37″N 6°48′48″E  /  51.22694°N 6.81333°E  / 51.22694; 6.81333 This Düsseldorf location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine Johann Wilhelm II, Elector Palatine ( Jan Wellem in Low German , English: John William ; 19 April 1658 – 8 June 1716) of

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420-715: The Duchies of Jülich and Berg in 1679. Johann Wilhelm later also succeeded his father as Elector Palatine in 1690. In the Peace of Rijswijk (1697), he was restored to many of the possessions which had been taken by the French, with the provision that the Electoral Palatinate not revert to Protestantism. This provision made him unpopular in the Palatinate and with Protestants. During the War of

455-582: The Duchy of Montferrat, and a dowry of 400,000 thalers . Duke Charles II agreed with only minor changes: Mantua would maintain its loyalty to the Holy Roman Empire only if the alliance didn't bring negative consequences to the duchy, and the bride's dowry would be paid in several installments in the next years. The marriage by proxy was solemnized on 2 March 1650 at the Basilica palatina di Santa Barbara , in which

490-403: The Imperial crown. However, the dowager empress put all her efforts to ensure the election of her stepson Leopold I as the new Holy Roman Emperor. Under the will of Ferdinand III, Eleonora assumed the guardianship of all his children. Her dower was provided by the cities of Graz and Linz and also was determined for her an annual pension of 200,000 florins (later increased to 230,000). During

525-509: The Nevers branch of the House of Gonzaga and was Holy Roman Empress , German Queen , Queen consort of Hungary and Bohemia by marriage to Emperor Ferdinand III . Nicknamed the Younger (de: Jüngere ) to distinguish herself from her namesake grandaunt , she was considered one of the most educated and virtuous women of her time. Fascinated by religious poetry, she founded a literary academy and

560-704: The Spanish Succession Johann Wilhelm received also the Bavarian Upper Palatinate , which was returned to Bavaria in 1714. He died in Düsseldorf and was buried in the St. Andreas Church . Having no son, Johann Wilhelm was succeeded by his brother Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine . On 25 October 1678, in Wiener Neustadt , Johann Wilhelm married Archduchess Maria Anna Josepha of Austria . She

595-482: The adolescence she manifested a poetic talent, which was expressed in her compositions of philosophical and religious poems. Eleonora's marriage was arranged by her godmother and namesake, the dowager Holy Roman Empress, who maintained close ties with her niece, the Duchess-Regent Maria (Eleonora's mother), and became the main supporter of her election as wife of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor ; previously,

630-643: The beginning her married life Eleonora accompanied her husband during his trips to the Holy Roman Empire. In 1652–1654 she was with him in Regensburg during the Reichstag . While her husband was engaged in public affairs, she was responsible for organizing celebrations such as the Carnival before Lent , culminating in the premiere of the opera L’Inganno d’amore (the Cheating of Love) by Antonio Bertali . On 4 August 1653 she

665-543: The candidates proposed by the emperor. Then, Leopold I resorted to the mediation of his stepmother to solve the crisis. In 1671 she arranged the marriage of her nephew Ferdinando Carlo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat with Anna Isabella Gonzaga , the heiress of the Guastalla line with the purpose to unite the two Gonzaga rival families. She tried that Charles V, Duke of Lorraine (suitor and later second husband of her eldest daughter) could be elected King of Poland, but he

700-534: The capital Florence . Therefore, these treasures are still to be visited in Florence today. In Düsseldorf, the Jan-Wellem Square is named after Johann Wilhelm. [REDACTED] Media related to John William, Elector Palatine at Wikimedia Commons Eleonora Gonzaga (1630%E2%80%931686) Eleonora Gonzaga (18 November 1630 – 6 December 1686), was by birth Princess of Mantua , Nevers and Rethel from

735-593: The closest male relative of the extinct main line of the House of Gonzaga) and Montferrat (due to the marriage of his heir with Maria Gonzaga, the last surviving scion of the main Gonzaga line and heiress of that duchy, which was demonstrably heritable by females since the Gonzagas had acquired it through marriage to Margherita Paleologa in 1540); however one month later (30 August 1631), Eleonora's father died of tuberculosis, and began

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770-568: The dowager empress was also able to arrange the marriage of Duke Charles II of Mantua (Eleonora's brother) with Archduchess Isabella Clara of Austria (a member of the Tyrolese branch of the House of Habsburg ) in 1649. During the nuptial negotiations, the emperor promoted the following conditions: the Duchy of Mantua would continue its loyalty to the interests of the Holy Roman Empire , the bride would retain her possible inheritance rights over

805-492: The emperor was represented by his ambassador, Count Johann Maximilian von Lamberg . The celebrations lasted until 22 March, when Eleonora, accompanied by some relatives, traveled from Mantua to Vienna. The cortege arrived at the Austrian city of Villach , where the bride said goodbye to her relatives and in the company of her godmother the dowager empress continued the trip to Wiener Neustadt , where on 30 April 1651 there took place

840-459: The empress. In her portrait by Frans Luycx , Eleonora is depicted in the image of Diana , the ancient goddess of hunting. During her marriage, Eleonora gave birth to four children, two of whom survived into adulthood: Eleonora was a cultured woman. Together with her husband she founded a literary academy, and, despite their religious and strict adherence to Catholicism, would not discriminate enrolled Protestants. The empress has always been in

875-418: The official wedding ceremony between Eleonora and Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III. After the ceremony, the emperor gave his new wife the family jewels and a gift of 50,000 florins. For Ferdinand III, this was his third marriage; he had had children from both previous unions. In spite of the great difference in age, the marriage was a happy one. The active and sweet nature of the young empress helped her gain

910-670: The summer she spent in the Favorita palace, which, together with Schönbrunn and Laxenburg she received from her godmother the late dowager empress. Under her supervision, was added an extension to the Hofburg , which then suffered a fire and was rebuilt again. The small court of the empress dowager was a meeting place for politicians and diplomats. There were often visitors like Minister Václav Eusebius František, Prince of Lobkowicz , ambassadors Jacques Bretel de Grémonville and Lorenzo Magalotti , and General Raimondo Montecuccoli . For some time

945-577: The support of the Holy Roman Empire , the Kingdom of Spain and Duchy of Savoy , and thus started the War of the Mantuan Succession , during which infant Eleonora, with her parents and older brother Charles had to leave Mantua, but returned one year later after the signing of the Treaty of Cherasco (19 June 1631), under which were recognized the rights of Duke Charles of Nevers over the duchies of Mantua (as

980-402: The sympathy of all members of the Imperial family. She established an excellent relationship with all her stepchildren. She learned German , and the emperor Italian. Together they participated in religious and secular ceremonies. Genuine piety of both spouses did not prevent them from patronizing literature and music activities, like visits to theaters or hunting, which was one of the passions of

1015-680: Was defeated by John Sobieski in 1674. Besides her political activity, Eleonora spent most of her time on works of charity and piety. In 1680 she invited the missionary and preacher Capuchin friar Marco d'Aviano to Linz . She was a patron of the Bavarian poet and painter Johann Georg Seidenbusch . She ordered the building in Vienna of a Baroque facade for the Kirche am Hof and the Jesuits . The Discalced Carmelites were also under her special patronage, and in Wiener Neustadt she helped them to build

1050-1078: Was a daughter of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor , and his third wife, Eleanor of Mantua . The wedding ceremony was performed by Archbishop Leopold Karl von Kollonitsch . The couple settled in Düsseldorf , where they led an elaborate royal household. During their marriage, Maria Anna Josepha gave birth to two children, but neither survived infancy: Maria Anna Josepha died in 1689 of tuberculosis . A couple of years later, on 29 April 1691, Johann Wilhelm married by proxy Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici , daughter of Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany . She departed for Düsseldorf on 6 May 1691, accompanied by her younger brother, Gian Gastone . Johann Wilhelm surprised her at Innsbruck , where they officially married. Anna Maria Luisa became pregnant in 1692; however, she miscarried. Historians believed incorrectly that shortly after her arrival, she contracted syphilis from her adulterous husband, which might have explained why Anna Maria Luisa and Johann Wilhelm failed to produce any children. In 2012, after concern caused by

1085-457: Was also a patron of musical theater. As Holy Roman Empress, she promoted the development of cultural and spiritual life at the Imperial court in Vienna , and despite being a staunch Catholic and benefactress of several monasteries, she had a tolerant attitude towards Protestantism . She established two female orders: the Order of Virtuosity (1662) and the Order of the Starry Cross (1668). Eleonora

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1120-641: Was born on 18 November 1630 in Mantua , as the second child of Charles Gonzaga , styled Duke of Nevers (heir of the Duchy of Mantua ) and his wife and cousin Maria Gonzaga (heiress to the Duchy of Montferrat ). On her father's side her grandparents were Charles Gonzaga, Duke of Nevers and Rethel and Catherine of Mayenne –a member of the House of Lorraine – and on her mother's side her grandparents were Francesco IV Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua and Margaret of Savoy . She

1155-627: Was considered the possibility of a second marriage for Eleonora, with the Polish King John II Casimir Vasa , but this project was never implemented. Eleonora enjoyed great respect from Leopold I, who consulted with his stepmother on many political and personal issues. The dowager empress established good relations with her stepson's first wife, Infanta Margaret Theresa of Spain . The relationship with Leopold I's second wife Archduchess Claudia Felicitas of Austria were tense, but didn't last long due to her early death. Finally, she had

1190-476: Was crowned Holy Roman Empress in Regensburg Cathedral ; in 1655, she was crowned Queen of Hungary and on 11 September 1656 was crowned Queen of Bohemia. In April 1657 Eleonora became a widow, and a year later her only son also died. Archduke Leopold Wilhelm , Ferdinand III's younger brother, thought to marry Eleonora (who enjoyed the respect of her subjects) to strengthen his position as a candidate for

1225-458: Was named after her mother's paternal aunt Holy Roman Empress Eleonora , who was also her godmother. The marriage of Eleonora's parents was made with the purpose to reinforce the claims of the Nevers branch of the House of Gonzaga to the duchies of Mantua and Montferrat when the main line would become extinct. The duke of Nevers, a vassal of the Kingdom of France , had to face the opposition of Ferrante II Gonzaga, Duke of Guastalla , who counted with

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