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53-618: Bombardier markets two types or families of designs as "Flexity Outlook". The Eurotram was a design of electric tramcars designed by for use on the network of the Compagnie de Transports Strasbourgeois (CTS). It is initially contracted to Socimi and ABB. After Socimi went bankrupt, the order for Eurotrams was completed by ABB Group. Later models were manufactured under successor companies Adtranz and Bombardier Inc. Bombardier began to market this type as Flexity Outlook (E) , when they made them until 2004. The more common Cityrunner, which has

106-453: A bus , rail system ( rapid transit , light rail , or commuter rail ), or carpool for the remainder of the journey. The vehicle is left in the parking lot during the day and retrieved when the owner returns. Park and rides are generally located in the suburbs of metropolitan areas or on the outer edges of large cities. A park and ride that only offers parking for meeting a carpool and not connections to public transport may also be called

159-470: A congestion tax in Stockholm has further increased the usage of park and ride. In Prague , park and ride parking lots are established near some metro and railway stations (about 17 parks near 12 metro stations and 3 train stations, in 2011). These parking lots offer low prices and all-day and return (2× 75 min) tickets including the public transport fare. Park and ride facilities allow commuters to avoid

212-510: A park and pool . Park and ride is abbreviated as "P+R" on road signs in some countries, and is often styled as "Park & Ride" in marketing. In Sweden , a tax has been introduced on the benefit of free or cheap parking paid by an employer, if workers would otherwise have to pay. The tax has reduced the number of workers driving into the inner city, and increased the usage of park and ride areas, especially in Stockholm . The introduction of

265-761: A 20 January 1956 report in the Los Angeles Times . It refers to the nominal scenario whereby a passenger is driven to the station by spouse or partner , then they kiss each other goodbye before the passenger catches the train. Deutsche Bahn has announced that it will be changing the English expressions for Kiss and Ride, Service Points and Counters to German ones. In Italy the new Bologna Centrale railway station uses "kiss and ride" signs. Some high-speed railway stations in Taiwan have signs outside stations reading "Kiss and Ride" in English, with Chinese characters above

318-466: A full-time basis from 1973. Better Choice Parking first offered an airport park and ride service at London Gatwick Airport in 1978. Oxford now operates park and ride from 5 dedicated parking lots around the city. As of 2015, Oxford has the biggest urban park & ride network in the UK with a combined capacity of 5,031 car parking spaces. Some railway stations are promoted as a park and ride facility for

371-518: A modular design, allowing it to be customised for use on networks that require narrow vehicles or nearly unique tight curve radii , down to 10.973 metres (36 ft) in the case of Toronto. Toronto's version of the Outlook is gauged to fit its legacy streetcar lines, with a track gauge of 4 ft  10 + 7 ⁄ 8  in ( 1,495 mm ). Its closest competitors are the Citadis from Alstom ,

424-599: A more traditional tram design, is used by several cities in Austria (in Innsbruck , Linz and Graz ), also Łódź ( Poland ), Geneva ( Switzerland ), Eskişehir ( Turkey ), and Brussels ( Belgium ), and vehicles for Marseille , ( France ) Valencia , Alicante (both Spain ), Palermo ( Italy ) and Toronto ( Canada ) are in the design and production phase. (Although the Toronto Transit Commission has ordered

477-595: A multitude of services with the tramway. Since 1997, an airport shuttle bus has linked the airport with the tramway at Baggersee', cycle parks have been installed at certain stations etc. In 1998, the Line A was extended from Baggersee as far as Illkirch-Lixenbuhl, and creating the embryonic Line D, doubling the length of Line A by adding the segment Rotonde - Étoile Polygone. Lines B and C first saw daylight in September 2000. Line B runs from Elsau and Hoenheim Station, and Line C

530-408: A name for using cycle boxes or racks near public transport terminals, mostly together with P & R parking lots. This system can be promoted through integrated fare and tickets with public transport system. Many railway stations and airports feature a "kiss-and-ride" or "kiss-and-fly" area in which cars can stop briefly to discharge or, less commonly, pick up passengers. The term first appeared in

583-472: A single Renault Agora L . These services were used on route 31 and school services. Since the opening of the Kehl tram branch in 2017, there are no more articulated buses used by any charter. The CTS has no midibuses (reduced-capacity buses). Minibuses are used on shuttles run by GTS with some Mercedes-Benz Sprinter City . When the tramways start in 1877, first horse-drawn and since 1984 electrically powered,

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636-494: A stressful drive along congested roads and a search for scarce, expensive city-centre parking. They may well reduce congestion by assisting the use of public transport in congested urban areas. There is not much research on the pros and cons of park and ride schemes. It has been suggested that there is "a lack of clear-cut evidence for park and ride's widely assumed impact in reducing congestion". Park and ride facilities help commuters who live beyond practical walking distance from

689-468: A town a few miles away, for instance Liskeard for Looe and St Erth for St  Ives , both in Cornwall , England, and Norden for Swanage , Dorset , England (by steam railway ). These help relieve traffic congestion and parking problems in the town. In contrast, some stations act as a railhead, easily accessed by road, for long-distance traffic. Names of stations in the UK with large car parks outside

742-457: A travel office, food shop, car wash , or cafeteria may be provided. These are often encouraged by municipal operators to encourage use of park and ride. Park and ride facilities, with dedicated parking lots and bus services, began in the 1960s in the UK. Oxford operated the first such scheme, initially with an experimental service operating part-time from a motel on the A34 in the 1960s and then on

795-560: Is from Elsau to the Esplanade quarter. A new type of ticketing was put in place in September 2004: the Badgeo card replaced the standard paper tickets on the urban routes. It was joined by an intercity network in 2006. Following the 2001 municipal elections, a new phase of network upgrades was approved. It was scheduled between 2006 and 2008, but several organisations and three individuals (including two elected Green councillors) appealed, and

848-473: Is more of a grid (rather than being hub and spoke ). In the city centre, all tracks are shared by at least two lines, and three lines share the tracks between the stations of Homme de Fer and Observatoire, which makes for easy interchange and increases service frequency in the city centre. The Urban Community of Strasbourg bus network covers the entire area, and also serves the town of Kehl in Germany , opposite

901-633: Is the company responsible for the comprehensive public transport network of the Eurométropole de Strasbourg , the urban community of the French city of Strasbourg . The CTS currently operates all six lines of the Tramway de Strasbourg and the bus network with the eight associated Park and Ride facilities, on behalf of the Eurométropole de Strasbourg . It also runs other services through its subsidiary Compagnie des Transports du Bas-Rhin (CTBR) and on behalf of

954-625: The Caisse des dépôts et consignations (parent company of Transdev ) and Électricité de Strasbourg . The board is more than 80% controlled by local collectives. Major board members select the chairman of the board: currently Roland Ries (Senator-Mayor of Strasbourg), the vice-president of the CUS since May 2008. On 31 December 2010, the workforce numbered 1,457 including 971 drivers, compared to 1,539 employees (of which 935 were urban driver-conductors and 116 suburban) at 31 December 2003. A new range of fares

1007-636: The Combino and S70 from Siemens , and Bombardier 's other Flexity trams. Bombardier Transportation operated a Flexity Outlook demo system in Vancouver from January 21 to March 21, 2010, coinciding with the 2010 Winter Olympics . The trams were on loan from a fleet of Flexity Outlook series made for the Brussels tram network. The service was called the Olympic Line and used electrified railway right-of-way owned by

1060-552: The Rhine from Strasbourg, via the Europe Bridge . There are more than twenty bus and shuttle routes. Most are operated by the CTS, but some are subcontracted to local companies. The network is integrated into the tramway lines, and does not go into the most central part of the city, which is reserved for pedestrians and trams. The last major review of the system happened with the extensions to

1113-408: The livery was entirely green. But in 1907, a decision was taken to repaint the entire fleet and other infrastructure in ivory. The ivory livery lasted until the tramways were dismantled in 1960. In the 1960s, the livery was predominantly blue, except for the grille and bumpers, which were red. But the company started to put new colours on their vehicles: white for the vehicle top and red-orange for

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1166-430: The 10 (the belt line). Dismantling the tramway caused a 20% drop in usage during the 1960s. The network was revolutionised in 1967 with the abolition of conductors. Their role was combined with that of the driver, so the drivers also collected the fares from the passengers. Reconquering the market continued with the creation of 4 km (2.5 mi) of separate bus lanes, and the introduction of articulated buses. In 1976

1219-521: The CTS had 94 tramcars of three different types, all of which could run over all routes. The trams move all over the network, although lines E and F are usually served by three-car trams because they are the least loaded An update and upgrade of the Citadis 403 has been ordered in 2013, these 22 trams are fitted to be used on the German part of the network. More trams were ordered in early 2020 to get rid of

1272-405: The CTS launched an experiment with a hybrid articulated bus : a Solaris Urbino 18. This circled on Line 6 along with the diesel buses, allowing performance comparisons between the two engine types. After a year of circulation, the company judged the tests inconclusive and announced that it would not be acquiring further hybrid vehicles. On 27 November 2010, the tramway network was upgraded with

1325-471: The CTS to the conseil général , and the CTBR redistributed them between the four carriers. Other vehicles remained the property of the companies that had bought them. Since 2010, Vélhop has been the bicycle hire service for the CUS, provided by the CTS. Plans were that by the end of 2011, over 4,400 Vélhops could be hired from automatic stations, either inside shops or on specially-equipped buses. In 2011,

1378-565: The City of Vancouver and not part of the regional transit authority ( TransLink ). The temporary line operated from Granville Island to near Olympic Village Station on the Canada Line at 2nd Avenue. Service consisted of a 1.8-kilometre (1.1 mi) link with two stations, with cars operating every 10 minutes. Compagnie de Transports Strasbourgeois The Compagnie des Transports Strasbourgeois ( CTS , English: Strasbourg Transport Company )

1431-648: The Conseil départemental du Bas-Rhin . These comprise 27 coach lines, of which 9 serve Strasbourg and participate in the Vélhop cycle network. In 1877, the Strassburger Pferde-Eisenbahn Gesellschaft ("Strasbourg Horse Railway Company") was established. The business did not take a French name until 1884, as the Companie des Tramways Strasbourgeois (Strasbourg Tramway Company, CTS). On 22 July 1878

1484-700: The Flexity Outlook Cityrunner for its legacy system, Metrolinx has ordered the Flexity Freedom for Toronto's new Eglinton Crosstown line that is under construction along Eglinton Avenue in mid-Toronto.) While most Flexity Outlook trams are bi-directional, the Toronto cars are single-ended in order to meet the operating requirements of that city's legacy streetcar routes. Bombardier has built single-ended Flexity Outlook versions for cities including Graz, Łódź and Milan. The Flexity Outlook Cityrunner has

1537-553: The Netherlands, many English terms appear in the Dutch language, and "Kiss & Ride" is one of them. Park and ride schemes do not necessarily involve public transport. They can be provided to reduce the number of cars on the road by promoting carpooling , vanpooling , and carsharing . Partly because of the concentration of riders, and thus a reduced number of vehicles, these park and ride terminals often have express transit services into

1590-609: The VT reversed back into the CTS. But in 2009, assets included the suburban network, which today is run by a sister company, the CTBR. On the urban network, directly received commercial receipts from passengers amounted to no more than €0.5 per trip. The current Strasbourg tramway network opened on 25 November 1994, serving the Urban Community of Strasbourg . It has six lines, totalling more than 40 km (25 mi) of track, and 55 km (34 mi) of route (some routes sharing track in

1643-456: The bottom, echoing the town's colours and those of the region of Alsace. In the 1980s, the network consisted only of bus routes operated by a single model, the Renault SC10 , and the livery was the same on every vehicle: cream on the top with red on the bottom. The suburban network was operated by some Saviem S53s in a livery of grey with a light gree-blue band. As new bus models appeared, at

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1696-576: The city centre). It is the second longest tramway network in France, after the Lyon tramway . It was the first tramway network in France to have low-floor trams . Rolling stock consists of 53 Eurotrams (manufactured by Bombardier Transportation ), later augmented by 41 Alstom Citadis cars of a similar general design to the Eurotram. Strasbourg's tramway network, unlike those of some other towns and cities in France,

1749-503: The company opened its first carriage line. It continued to expand its network, with financial support from banks such as the Straehling-Valentin bank , and also the development of a local interest in the activity of the railway. Electrification of the tram network did not start until 1894, in partnership with the town and AEG . The first lines were electrified the following year at the 1895 Exposition Industrielle . In 1900,

1802-514: The company's staff (over 500 men from a labour force of 540). The business resorted to hiring over 260 women to keep the network running. At the end of the war, the network was heavily damaged and split in two: the outer-Rhine lines were transferred to the Republic of Baden in 1922. It was during this period that the Bas-Rhin invested in the society, which was facing financial difficulties. Although

1855-556: The creation of Line F between Elsau and the Place d'Islande and foreshadowing the tram-train, and Line C added a new segment from the station Gare Centrale to Neuhof Rudolphe Reuss. At the end of 2010, the city and the CTS filed a project to create a pneumatic tramway on the Wolfisheim – Vendenheim route via Strasbourg in the 2nd call for busway projects for Grenelle II This plan was widely criticised by local associations, residents, and

1908-407: The discontinuation of passenger traffic on that line. Tourist steam locomotives continued to use the line until 1988. An 030T Borsig T3 and a postal van, both classed as Monuments Historiques , are preserved by the CTS at their Kibitzenau depot. In spring 1962, the last trolleys were scrapped after circling the three lines 28 (Roethig - Ostwald), 5/15 (Place Broglie - Quartier de Quinze ), and

1961-594: The first bus only appeared in 1928, the tramway transported over 50 million passengers during 1930. Despite that, traffic declined. The CTS turned towards tourism in 1932 with the creation of the ASTRA company, with luxury touring coaches. To address the shortage of fuel, the Trolleybus made its appearance in 1939 on the Roethig – Ostwald line. The tram network served to evacuate Strasbourg so normal service stopped. Only

2014-635: The first batch of Eurotram from ABB. The CTS subcontracts some routes to other operating companies: 21, 27 and 31, the three shuttles and school buses. The CTS does not own the vehicles used on these routes. GTS is using three Mercedes-Benz Citaro & Citaro Low-Entry , for the lines 27, 31 and school services. Since 2018, LK Kunegel is using 17 S 415 LE from Setra for the lines 64, 71, 72, 73, 75 & 77. In 2011, articulated buses were chartered by Kunegel, with five Van Hool AG300s used on school services, and by Transdev Alsace, which operated three Van Hool AG300s , four Mercedes-Benz Citaro Gs and

2067-455: The main urban area are often suffixed with "Parkway", such as Bristol Parkway , Tiverton Parkway , and Oxford Parkway . At Luton Airport Parkway and Southampton Airport Parkway , the stations are there to serve air as well as road passengers. In the United States , it is common for outlying rail stations to include automobile parking, often with hundreds of spaces. B & R (B + R) is

2120-590: The municipality launched a project to add a new type of public transport. A metro system was the first choice, with the prominence of Véhicule Automatique Léger , but after the municipal elections of 1989, the new municipality decided to turn back to the tramway. The CTS were assigned to manage the project, to begin in January 1991. The Line A went into service on 26 November 1994. With an initial length of 9.8 km (6.1 mi), it connected Hautepierre Maillon and Illkirch Baggersee'. The CTS attempted to associate

2173-536: The municipality opposition. In parallel with the announcement of abandoning hybrid fuel, the company decided to continue buying vehicles running on natural gas. So, in November 2011, the Cronenbourg depot, which did not have facilities to accommodate natural gas buses, simultaneously equipped and put into circulation 30 gas Irisbus Citelis buses. The company capital (€5m) is shared: Other minor shareholders include

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2226-442: The network ran almost fifteen lines over 50 km (31 mi) of route. In 1912 the city of Strasbourg became the major shareholder of the company with 51% ownership. It was the start of its status as a public-private partnership . The city also granted an exclusive contract to run the network and construct any future lines., which gave the city power to control Strasbourg's development. The declaration of war in 1914 took most of

2279-701: The railway station or bus stop. They may also suit commuters with alternative fuel vehicles , which often have reduced range, when the facility is closer to home than the ultimate destination. They also are useful as a fixed meeting place for those carsharing or carpooling or using "kiss and ride" (see below). Also, some transit operators use park and ride facilities to encourage more efficient driving practices by reserving parking spaces for low emission designs , high-occupancy vehicles , or carsharing. Many park and rides have passenger waiting areas and/or toilets. Travel information , such as leaflets and posters, may be provided. At larger facilities, extra services such as

2332-464: The single fare began, and the urban lines were extended to the whole of the Urban Community of Strasbourg. The CTS refocused on public transport and resold ASTRA and its dedicated freight vehicles. It was one of the first transport companies to introduce an Intelligent transportation system allowing the exchange of data between the vehicles and a central command centre. At the end of the 1980s,

2385-411: The start of the 1990s, the company slightly changed the livery; the white background stayed, but several red-orange bands reappeared on the vehicles. Park and Ride A park and ride , also known as incentive parking or a commuter lot , is a parking lot with public transport connections that allows commuters and other people heading to city centres to leave their vehicles and transfer to

2438-537: The suburban network continued to run, to allow adequate provisioning of the French army. But the German authorities restarted the services when they took control of the city in June 1940. During the war, the tram network was one of the only methods on transport with a peak in usage, with nearly 73 million journeys in 1943. When Strasbourg became French again, the CTS faced a crisis, with a loss of human and material resources. After

2491-497: The tramway made its last journey on the 12 km (7.5 mi) line 4/14 (Neuhof Forest   Wacken), and finished dismantling the network, work which had progressed gradually since the end of the war. Freight had not travelled by tramway since April 1958, except for manure which was transported until 1960. In 1954, the CTS handed over the Rosheim – Saint-Nabor line (via Ottrott ) to Carières de Saint-Nabor , which led to

2544-508: The tramway network in August 2007. A study looking at the entire bus system is scheduled for 2013. In 2008, the CTS established a joint venture with Transdev , Mugler and Striebig to operate Réseau 67 ("Network 67"). The Compagnie des transports du Bas-Rhin (CBTR) took over more than twenty routes under the auspices of the Conseil général du Bas-Rhin . Ownership of coaches was transferred from

2597-416: The war, the authorities considered the reconstruction of the network. Between 1940 and 1950 it replaced two tramways with trolleybuses, and turned decisively to buses thereafter. Buses would be easier for the armed forces to commandeer if war broke out again, and the company could not afford new locomotives for the network. In 1953, the company began to replace the urban tramways with bus lines. On 1 May 1960

2650-476: The whole provision, revenue represented only €63,269,204 , or 31.6%, and this included the receipts from the territorial collectivities . The lump sum contribution of local (direct subsidiary) collectives brought in €47,955,557 , or 24.6%, and transfer charges €40,766,350 , or 21.0% of income. All in all, the income from the CUS and the Department of Bas-Rhin came to around €120,720,000 , including income from

2703-454: The words that read "temporary pick-up and drop-off zone". Kiss and Rides are getting popular in Poland . Cities with such areas include Wrocław (since October 2011), Kraków (since 15 November 2013), Warsaw (since 2016), and Toruń (since 2016). Locally they are known by their English name, i.e. "Kiss and ride" and while the sign is non-standardized, all of them contain the letters K+R. In

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2756-508: The work was delayed. That set of extensions did not begin until 25 August 2007 and completed in May 2008, allowing the creation of 13.5 km (8.4 mi) of track and 18 km (11 mi) of commercial lines. In December 2008, the first phase of the tram-train went into service, and the CTS stopped the airport shuttle, which was replaced by the TER Alsace 's new service. At the end of 2008,

2809-470: Was introduced in July 2010. Called the tarification solidaire , it recognises income splitting , but applies only to season tickets paid by subscription. The versement transport (VT) in the CUS has been fixed at 2% since 1 January 2011 (being 1.75% before). In 2009, total expenses came to €192,014,173 and income €194,194,702 , allowing a profit at fiscal year end of €2,180,528 ( €276,817 in 2008). Of

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