50-705: Duffield ( / ˈ d ʌ f iː l d / ) is a village in the Amber Valley district of Derbyshire , 5 miles (8.0 km) north of Derby . It is centred on the western bank of the River Derwent at the mouth of the River Ecclesbourne . It is within the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Area and the southern foothills of the Pennines . There have been humans in the area, probably, from
100-411: A "broad-brimmed, bullet-proof beaver hat, which he had covered over with velvet and lined it with steel and he also wore armour underneath his robes." King Charles refused to recognise the authority of the court and would not plead. After declaring Charles I guilty as a "Tyrant, Traitor, Murderer, and a public enemy," Bradshaw did not allow the king any final words. Under English law, a condemned prisoner
150-502: A common pit and the heads displayed on pikes at Westminster Hall . Samuel Pepys wrote in his diary that he saw the heads there on 5 February. The body of Bradshaw's wife was also exhumed from Westminster Abbey and, along with the remains of other Parliamentarians buried at Westminster, reburied in a common pit at St Margaret's, Westminster . Some sources claim that the body of Bradshaw had previously been removed by his son, James or John Bradshaw, who re-buried his father's remains on
200-489: A cottage and lands and closes for providing and sustaining an honest and learned man within Duffield Frith, to teach and instruct boys in honest and pious discipline and literature." The schoolmaster's wages were settled at 12d. a quarter for every scholar being a grammarian, and 8d. for everyone inferior to a grammarian; but he might take other private pupils. The medieval manor was replaced in about 1620 when Duffield Hall
250-621: A forge near to the present Baptist Chapel. There were also several corn mills and quarries. Flax, for linen, had been grown in Flaxholme, from the fifteenth century, on the instructions from King Henry VIII . Silk thread began to be produced in quantity by John Lombe in Derby , likewise cotton thread in Belper. By the nineteenth century, the major occupation in the village itself was framework knitting , encouraged by Jedediah Strutt 's famous 'Derby Rib', while
300-513: A hill near Martha's Brae on Jamaica and marked the spot with a cannon. A location now known as "Gun Hill" is 2.5 miles south-west of the northern port city of Falmouth , in Trelawny Parish . One of the three men had children who removed to Highland County, Virginia . James Bradshaw acquired the land in Jamaica where his father's remains were buried. Several sources recorded an inscription with
350-401: A market hall and converted to a town hall for the former Ripley Urban District Council in 1907. A modern extension to the west of the building was added in the 1990s. Since the last boundary changes in 2023 the council has comprised 42 councillors elected from 18 wards , with each ward electing two or three councillors. Elections are held every four years. There are 35 civil parishes in
400-503: A paper mill opened at Peckwash. The biggest change came with the coming of the North Midland Railway which passed through from 1840, with the opening of Duffield railway station . Initially, this was a short way further north the present one, and probably little more than a halt. The line also cut the lane to the church with a footbridge provided at a later date. North of the village, the main road had been previously realigned on
450-621: Is the home of the cricket and football teams. Amber Valley Amber Valley is a local government district with borough status in the east of Derbyshire , England, taking its name from the River Amber . Its council is based in Ripley . The district covers a semi-rural area lying to the north of the city of Derby . The district contains four main towns whose economy was based on coal mining and remains to some extent influenced by engineering, distribution and manufacturing, holding for instance
500-811: The Council of State of the English Commonwealth . John Bradshaw, the second son of Henry Bradshaw and Catherine Winnington, was born in 1602 probably at Wybersley (Wyberslegh) Hall in the village of High Lane near Stockport , Cheshire , or possibly at the nearby Peace Farm, Marple (his father farmed at both) and baptised on 10 December in Stockport Church . As a child he attended the free school at Stockport, as well as schools in Bunbury and Middleton . During his teenage years he also attended The King's School, Macclesfield . According to local tradition he wrote
550-801: The Duchy of Lancaster and a Commissioner of Peace for the County of Derby . He, with his lady, has a magnificent table-tomb in St. Alkmunds Church, Duffield . The first school in Duffield was Duffield Boys' Endowed School, now known as the William Gilbert School, originally in the centre of the village next to the Ecclesbourne. On 21 June 1565, we read that "at a court of the Manor of Duffield Frith, William Gilbert surrendered
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#1733094394225600-469: The Ripley & Heanor News , Belper News and Derbyshire Times . 53°00′N 1°24′W / 53.00°N 1.40°W / 53.00; -1.40 John Bradshaw (judge) John Bradshaw (12 July 1602 – 31 October 1659) was an English jurist. He is most notable for his role as President of the High Court of Justice for the trial of King Charles I and as the first Lord President of
650-621: The Council dissolved and soon assumed rule as Lord Protector calling elections for a new Parliament himself. After that date Bradshaw served as commissioner of the Duchy, jointly with Thomas Fell, until mounting differences with Cromwell culminated in his resignation in 1654. Bradshaw, an ardent Republican, became an opponent of the Protectorate . In 1654, he was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Stafford and Cheshire , but because he refused to sign
700-638: The Duchy of Lancaster. Bradshaw was elected MP for Cheshire in the Third Protectorate Parliament in 1659. During the same year, Bradshaw moved to Westminster after falling dangerously ill with a 'quartan ague' or malaria . In October 1659, various subordinate members of the army sabotaged General Lambert 's and General Ludlow 's support of the Long Parliament. Colonel Morley, Major Grimes, and Colonel Sydenham eventually gained their points, and placed guards both by land and water, to hinder
750-572: The Iron Age. A palaeolithic hand axe has been discovered near the head of the River Ecclesbourne at Hopton . In the Duffield area itself, settlement by the Celts occurred in 400BCE. Although it has been suggested that, once farming began, they would have inhabited the plains of the Derwent and Ecclesbourne, they would most likely have retreated to higher ground during the winter floods. The Romans arrived in
800-570: The King again he would be "the first man in England to do it". Charles II returned to power in 1660. On 30 January 1661, the twelfth anniversary of the regicide, the bodies of Bradshaw, Cromwell and Henry Ireton were ordered to be exhumed and displayed in chains all day on the gallows at Tyburn. At sunset, the three bodies that had been displayed publicly as those of the three judges being executed posthumously were all beheaded. The bodies were thrown into
850-771: The King and the Privy Council. From 1 August 1649, Bradshaw also held the post of Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster . As Lord President he conducted trials of leading Royalists and condemned to death by beheading the Duke of Hamilton , Lord Capell , the Earl of Holland and Eusebius Andrews , for which he was well rewarded. After wars in Scotland and Ireland, the Long Parliament had still not dissolved itself or called for re-elections. On 30 April 1653, Oliver Cromwell declared Parliament and
900-529: The area in 43CE. It has been suggested that they built a fort to protect the ford across which the caravans of lead from Wirksworth joined Rykneld Street at Derby, en route for the North Sea ports, though this is disputed. A few remains have, however, been found of Anglo-Saxon occupation by a person, or persons, of some substance. The Domesday Survey records "Duvelle" as being within the wapentake or hundred of Morleystone . In Norman times, Duffield Castle
950-403: The area of five former districts, which were all abolished at the same time: The new district was named Amber Valley, after the River Amber . Amber Valley was granted borough status in 1989, allowing the chair of the council to take the title of mayor. Amber Valley Borough Council provides district-level services. County-level services are provided by Derbyshire County Council . Most of
1000-531: The borough, covering almost the whole area. The exception is Riddings , which is an unparished area , being the only part of the former Alfreton Urban District not to have been subsequently added to a parish. In terms of television, the Amber Valley is served by BBC East Midlands and ITV Central broadcasting from the Waltham transmitter. Radio stations that broadcast to the area are: The local newspapers are
1050-461: The cannon found on Gun Hill, Jamaica, and attribute the quote Rebellion to tyrants is obedience to God to John Bradshaw. While some political philosophers have defended Bradshaw, most legal authorities have taken the view expressed in 1999 by Michael Kirby (then a Justice of the High Court of Australia ) that the High Court of Justice for the trial of Charles I , of which Bradshaw was president,
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#17330943942251100-456: The council since 1974 has been as follows: The role of mayor is largely ceremonial in Amber Valley. Political leadership is instead provided by the leader of the council . The leaders since 2003 have been: Following the 2023 election and changes of allegiance and a by-election up to May 2024, the composition of the council was: The next election is due in 2027. The council is based at Ripley Town Hall , which had been built in 1881 as
1150-400: The council, that being now going to his God, he had not patience to sit there to hear his great name so openly blasphemed; and thereupon departed to his lodgings, and withdrew himself from public employment. He died on 31 October 1659, aged 57. He was buried with great honours at Westminster Abbey . The eulogy was given by John Rowe . On his deathbed Bradshaw said that if called upon to try
1200-458: The court, professed to having never heard of him. Bradshaw himself did not attend court until the third session after his appointment, apologising on the grounds that he had been out of London and disavowed his ability to perform "so important a task." While he served as the Lord President, he was flanked by an impressive personal guard and carried a sword at his side. He wore scarlet robes and
1250-470: The district is also covered by civil parishes , which form a third tier of local government. Labour won a majority on the council at the 2023 election , taking control from the Conservatives . The first election to the council was held in 1973, initially operating as a shadow authority alongside the outgoing authorities until the new arrangements came into effect on 1 April 1974. Political control of
1300-407: The eighteenth century the road along Duffield Bank was improved, as the 'New Chesterfield Turnpike'. Meanwhile, there was a growing community next to Duffield Castle built by Henri de Ferrers. For many centuries, Duffield was by far the largest centre of population in the parish. Following the rebellion by Robert de Ferrers, 6th Earl of Derby his lands became part of the Duchy of Lancaster until
1350-502: The eighteenth century, the centre of the village was subject to regular floods until the middle of the twentieth century. A notable resident in the sixteenth century was Anthony Bradshaw who erected a monument in the Church to himself and his large family. He was distantly related to John Bradshaw , who condemned Charles I to death. Sir Roger Mynor was High Sheriff in 1514, Sergeant of the King's Cellar, an official of Duffield Frith under
1400-584: The following inscription on a gravestone at either Macclesfield or Bunbury: He was articled as clerk to an attorney in Congleton . The White Lion public house bears a blue plaque , placed by the Congleton Civic Society, which reads: "The White Lion, built 16–17th century. Said to have housed the attorney's office where John Bradshaw, regicide, served his articles." After studying English law in London, he
1450-532: The former settling in the village around the end of King Street, the managers in larger houses further along the main road and further up King Street and Hazlewood Road. When the new station was extended with the Wirksworth branch , it created a good deal more upheaval, since the line cut across the road north out of the village. This was along the side of the Kings Head joining the present Chapel Street and in front of
1500-523: The headquarters and production site of Thorntons confectionery. The House of Commons constituency of Amber Valley is of smaller scope. The village of Crich and other parts of the district were the setting for ITV drama series Peak Practice . The district was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 as one of nine districts within Derbyshire. The new district covered
1550-569: The members of Parliament from approaching the House. During these disorders, the Council of State still assembled at the usual place and the: Lord President Bradshaw, who was present, though by long sickness very weak and much extenuated, yet animated by his ardent zeal and constant affection to the common cause, upon hearing Col Syndenham's justifications of the proceedings of the army in again disrupting parliament, stood up and interrupted him, declaring his abhorrence of that detestable action, and telling
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1600-520: The recognition pledge put on Members to declare their recognition of the new army-backed government, he took no seat for either constituency. In 1655, the Major-General in charge of Cheshire, Tobias Bridge , persuaded leading gentry not to enter Bradshaw as the county's parliamentary candidate at elections to the next parliament. After Oliver Cromwell died in 1658, his son Richard succeeded him as Lord Protector and reinstated Bradshaw as Chancellor of
1650-526: The reign of Charles I . These included the manor of Duffield and seven parks in Duffield Frith namely, Ravensdale , Schethull ( Shottle ), Postern , Bureper ( Belper ), Morley , and Schymynde-cliffe, ( Shining Cliff ) In the Parliamentary Commissioners' report of 1650 respecting Duffield and its chapelries, Belper is described as "a hamlet appertaining to Duffield." One other near Duffield
1700-609: The south, there was the Noah's Ark, a coaching inn. Still in existence is the White Hart, which is not the original building, and a little further up, was the Nag's Head. Next is the King's Head, probably the oldest still in existence. When the Commissioners appointed by Parliament to divide up the common and waste lands of Duffield Parish sat in 1787, they held their meetings at the King's Head. At
1750-593: The station. It already had been rebuilt in 1835, raised to a higher level because of the frequency of flooding. A new road was built on the other side of the King's Head with a bridge over the branch. In addition, a tunnel was driven under King Street. Around this time a new boys' school was built in Vicarage Lane, with a girls' school lower down King Street, with the Infants' School opposite. Less well-remembered, though revered by narrow, ' minimum gauge ', railway enthusiasts,
1800-518: The top of Crown Street used to be the Crown Inn, and still existing up Hazlewood Road is the New Inn, although this is now been converted to a private dwelling. Outside it are broad flat-topped walls. In the days before Hazelwood had its own cemetery, it is said that funeral parties would stop for refreshment before completing their journey to the church, and would leave the coffin resting on that wall. There
1850-464: The village, it is thought, arose from its purpose, in Anglo-Saxon times, of serving travellers crossing the river on their way from Ashbourne to Nottingham . The original part of the present building, however, is Norman. Duffield Bridge was built across the river, next to the present Bridge Inn, in the thirteenth century and widened in the eighteenth. This later became the main road to the north and, in
1900-464: The west of Cumberhills Road are something of a mystery. Clearly, they were a speculative middle-class project, but in 1910 they were isolated among fields half a mile from the village – hardly attractive, one would have thought, to prospective purchasers. For such a small village, Duffield seems to have been well served with public houses. Near the church was the White Lion and nearby on the main road at
1950-490: The west side of the cottages known as Castle Orchard, with a slice out of the castle mound, leading to a new road north called New Mills Road. The railway northwards followed the alignment of the old road, passing under the new one with a magnificent stone-built skew arch bridge. A permanent station was opened in 1841 in its present position, as the village expanded with homes for the Midland Railway workers and management,
2000-527: Was Champain Park to the South West, in the area of what is now Champion Farm on Cumberhills. Some idea of Duffield's prosperity can be gained from the size of the Church and its later additions. In the forest, there had been plentiful game, and a supply of timber, particularly oak, while the farmland was exceedingly fertile, though prone to flooding. Even with the controls on the rivers with the various weirs and dams in
2050-591: Was also a Railway Inn near the station and a Castle Inn, near the Parish Room. The Patten Makers' Arms is in Crown Street, named after the pattens which were a type of clog that people made there. In 1957 The Ecclesbourne School was founded, when George Wimpey , the building developer, built new estates, raising the population to around 5000. One was between Wirksworth Road and the River Ecclesbourne. The other
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2100-437: Was built to protect the hunting grounds of Duffield Frith , awarded to Henry de Ferrers (or de Ferrars) by William I . Most of this became the ancient parish of Duffield, which contained the townships of Hazlewood , Holbrook , Makeney, Milford , Shottle , and Windley , and the chapelries of Belper , Heage , and Turnditch . Meanwhile, St Alkmunds Church was built some quarter of a mile south. Its position, so far from
2150-522: Was built. The major activity up to the nineteenth century was agriculture. There were two cattle-fairs; the Thursday after New Year's Day, and 1 March. Ironstone is associated with coal deposits in Derbyshire, which outcropped in the Belper and Duffield areas. It is thought that these were what attracted the de Ferrars family to the area, and there are frequent references to iron-working in historical records, with
2200-419: Was called to the bar at Gray's Inn on 23 April 1627. He served on the provincial bar of Congleton until he became mayor in 1637. John Milton wrote highly of Bradshaw's aptitude during his public service, saying that "All his early life he was sedulously employed in making himself acquainted with the laws of the country; he then practised with singular success and reputation at the bar." On 3 January 1638 he
2250-453: Was illegal. However, in his 2005 book The Tyrannicide Brief (a biography of John Cook , the prosecutor at the trial), Geoffrey Robertson Q.C. put forward the argument that while the court was illegal due to the political settlement reached at the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660, the trial anticipated the developments in humanitarian law in the second half of the 20th century, and that
2300-452: Was made president of the parliamentary commission to try the king . Other lawyers of greater prominence had refused the position. Bradshaw was a controversial choice as Lord President, and opinions of his efficiency as a judge varied. Bulstrode Whitelocke believed that he was "learned in his profession," but Thomas Fuller dismissed him as a man "of execrable memory, of whom nothing good is remembered." The King himself, as well as much of
2350-475: Was married to Mary, a daughter of Thomas Marbury . At some time between 1640 and 1643, Bradshaw moved from Congleton to Basinghall Street in London. In 1643, he was elected judge of the London sheriff's court. He maintained the post until his death. Following the death of the Earl of Essex in 1646, Parliament voted Somerhill House to Bradshaw. He was appointed a serjeant-at-law by Parliament and in 1648 Chief Justice of Chester and North Wales . In 1649, he
2400-518: Was no longer alive and therefore did not have the right to speak, and Bradshaw followed this tradition strictly. It is said that he dined at Odstone Hall in Leicestershire , then his property, after signing the warrant for the king's execution in 1649. On 12 March 1649, Bradshaw was elected President of the Council of State , which was to act as the Executive of the country's government in place of
2450-479: Was the Duffield Bank Railway , built by Sir Arthur Heywood at his house to the east of the village. The coming of Rolls-Royce in the 1910s brought further expansion, with even bigger houses up Hazlewood Road, and council-provided housing along Holloway Road. Throughout the 'thirties and 'forties, middle-class housing was appearing in the old Wirksworth Road, and in Flaxholme. The semi-detached houses to
2500-524: Was to the south of Wirksworth Road, extending New Zealand Lane and the previously privately maintained Broadway. The intention was for the latter to meet the Wirksworth Road at Cumberhills Road, but where it crossed New Zealand Lane, the landowner refused to sell and it was several years before there was a right of way. The attraction of the village for housebuyers centres on the successful secondary school, Ecclesbourne and good transport links. Eyes Meadow
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