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20-473: The First Malayan Five-Year Plan (1956 – 1960) was the first economic development plan launched by the Malayan government just before independence in 1957. The colonial British government had concentrated available resources on fighting the Malayan communist insurgency instead of developing the rural areas of Malaya. The Five Year Plan allocated substantial resources to agricultural and rural improvement, and

40-418: A democratic government". The judicial system was a typical hierarchical structure consisting of lower courts, a High Court and a Court of Appeal. Successive Chief Justices were Sir Stafford Foster-Sutton (1950–1951) (afterwards Chief Justice of Nigeria , 1955), Sir Charles Mathew (1951–1956) and Sir James Beveridge Thomson (1957–1963). [REDACTED] Federal Legislative Council The council

60-592: The Pusat Tenaga Rakyat (PUTERA), a conglomeration of radical Malay Political Parties and then merged with the All-Malaya Council of Joint Action (AMCJA) which thoroughly opposed the 1948 Federation Agreement for the foundation of the Federation of Malaya. PKMM accused officials selected in the Federation of Malaya of being "puppets" of the "Colonial Office". For PKMM, there was no basis in "preparing Malaya as

80-696: The Federation of Malaya was headed by a British High Commissioner with executive powers, assisted and advised by the Federation of Malaya Executive Council and the Federation of Malaya Legislative Council . The conditions of citizenship of the Federation of Malaya were further tightened using law enforcement and naturalisation by application. Under the laws, the following were automatically granted citizenship: Via naturalisation (by application), one could achieve citizenship, given these criteria: In both cases (via naturalisation), applications must be well-behaved, swear allegiance and clarify their reasons for living in

100-639: The Legislative Council had two thirds unofficial majority. The British High Commissioner ceased to preside over the Council in 1953. In his place a Speaker was appointed. The first Speaker of the Federal Legislative Council was Dato' Sir Mahmud bin Mat. In 1955, a general election was held for the first time. 52 seats were contested, with the majority party earning the right to appoint seven more. In

120-645: The Loan and Debt Bill. In 1950, the Federation of Malaya Government rejected the registration of the Malay Nationalist Party of Malaya ( Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya , PKMM) as a legitimate political party. PKMM had two wings, namely Angkatan Pemuda Insaf and Angkatan Wanita Sedar . Initially, PKMM did not have communist leanings. After Mokhtaruddin Lasso was elected as the first PKMM president in October 1946, this party

140-692: The election, the Alliance Party contested all 52 seats and won 51, while the Pan-Malayan Islamic Party won the remaining seat. Following the elections, Raja Uda Raja Muhammad was elected as the Speaker of the Council, similar to the present Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat . Members of the Federal Legislative Council in 1955 were increased to 98 members, 52 elected members replaced 50 unofficial members, 35 nominated members represented various interests,

160-671: The end of the meeting, the Pleno Conference produced a 100-page "Blue Book." It was signed on 21 January 1948 at King House by the Malay rulers, and by Sir Edward Gent as the representative of the British government. The Agreement superseded the Agreement creating the Malayan Union, and prepared for the establishment of the Federation of Malaya on 1 February 1948. The position of the Malay rulers

180-475: The federation, and are fluent in either the Malay or the English language. The Federation of Malaya, through its constitution, guarantees the rights and special position of the Malay people as well as rights, powers and sovereignty of the Malay rulers in their respective states. The federation agreement (Perjanjian Persekutuan) set the powers of the federal and state governments. Financial matters must be handled by

200-587: The first meeting that the citizens of the Federation of Malaya did not want the interference of external powers in the affairs of the Federation; the Chinese representative Ong Chong Keng asserted that the Chinese people would be loyal to the Federation of Malaya. At this first Council meeting, several minor committees were formed: The first session passed the Kuala Lumpur City Bill, the Transfer of Power Bill, and

220-586: The remaining 11 was made up of the Chief Ministers of the nine Malay states and one representative each from Penang and Malacca. The Federal Legislative Council passed the Malayan Constitution (later, the Malaysian Constitution ) on August 15, 1957. Malaya gained independence on August 31, 1957. The Federal Legislative Council continued to sit as the legislative body of the new country until it

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240-554: The respective states. The Sultan was given full power on religious issues and Malay customs. Foreign policy and defence continued to be administered by the British government. The federation agreement was made the Constitution of the Federation of Malaya and officially declared on 1 February 1948. The Federation of Malaya Legislative Council held its first meeting in the Tuanku Abdul Rahman Hall, Kuala Lumpur in 1948. It

260-575: The symbolic positions of the rulers of the Malay states. Within the Federation, while the Malay states were protectorates of the United Kingdom, Penang and Malacca remained British colonial territories. Like the Malayan Union before it, the Federation did not include Singapore, despite its traditional connections with Malaya . The Malaya Agreement was formulated by the British–Malay Pleno Conference between June and December 1946. At

280-599: Was a country of what previously had been the Malayan Union and, before that, British Malaya . It comprised eleven states – nine Malay states and two of the Straits Settlements , Penang and Malacca . It was established on 1 February 1948. Initially a self-governing colony , Malaya became sovereign on 31 August 1957, and on 16 September 1963, Malaya was superseded by Malaysia when it united with Singapore , North Borneo (Sabah), and Sarawak . Singapore

300-654: Was administrated by the Prime Minister's department. A total of 24% of all public expenditure alone was allocated by the Plan to develop agriculture in Malaya, and substantial sums were also made available for infrastructure development. This Malaysia -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Federation of Malaya The Federation of Malaya ( Malay : Persekutuan Tanah Melayu ; Jawi : ڤرسكوتوان تانه ملايو ), more commonly known as Malaya ,

320-607: Was also restored. The Federation became independent from British colonial rule and became an independent member of the Commonwealth of Nations on 31 August 1957. In 1963, the Federation was reconstituted as "Malaysia" when it federated with the British territories of Singapore , Sarawak , and North Borneo ; a claim to the latter territory was maintained by the Philippines . Singapore separated from Malaysia to become an independent republic on 9 August 1965. The government of

340-612: Was composed of representatives from the Malay , the Chinese and the Indian communities. Initially, all representatives were appointed by the British High Commissioner for Malaya . In 1948, the Federal Legislative Council consisted of 75 members (three ex-officio, 11 from the Malay states and the Straits Settlements , 11 British officials and 50 unofficial members). This was the first time

360-454: Was expelled on 9 August 1965, leaving the original states of Malaya as well as Sarawak and Sabah – now also known as East Malaysia – making up modern-day Malaysia. From 1946 to 1948, the eleven states formed a single British crown colony known as the Malayan Union . Due to opposition from Malay nationalists, the Union was disbanded and replaced by the Federation of Malaya, which restored

380-478: Was influenced with communism. The Young Malays Union ( Kesatuan Melayu Muda , KMM) merged with PKMM, and Burhanuddin al-Helmy became the second PKMM president. Burhanuddin led PKMM toward the formation of Melayu Raya , a merger of Indonesia and Malaya . In December 1947, Ishak Haji Mohamed became the third PKMM president and PKMM switched from communism to nationalism. PKMM tended against United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) and colonisation. PKKM established

400-553: Was opened by the British High Commissioner Sir Edward Gent . Attendees included the British Minister of State for Colonial Affairs , Lord Listowel . The membership of the Council was structured to include: The unofficial members were required to be either Federation citizens or British subjects . In 1948 the ethnic composition of the council was made up as follows: Dato' Onn Jaafar stressed at

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